1 help for low blood pressure. Pathologically low blood pressure: first aid and prevention of hypotension

Normal values ​​are accepted as numbers from 120/80 mmHg. Art. up to 139/89 mm Hg. Art. Decrease in pressure below 100/60 mm Hg. Art. called arterial hypotension.

Some people feel great with such blood pressure levels and behave active image life, the results of their tests are within normal limits.

Emergency assistance in such a situation is not needed; it is considered an individual norm. But there are people whose decrease in blood pressure is accompanied by headaches, weakness, dizziness, and difficulties in doing usual things. In this case, first aid for low blood pressure is definitely needed as soon as it is detected, even at home.

Due to individual characteristics, the question of what low pressure is considered dangerous does not have a universal answer.

We can definitely say that pressure below 80/60 mm Hg is poorly tolerated. Art., it is characteristic of shock, collapse, coma. These conditions threaten the patient’s life; emergency care for low blood pressure in such a situation should be provided immediately.

  1. Blood supply and oxygen saturation of all organs are disrupted.
  2. From the side of the brain, there is a disruption in the functioning of vital areas responsible for breathing, heartbeat and others.
  3. Rhythm disturbances occur from the heart, such as blockades, up to cardiac arrest, a decrease in the force of contraction due to the cells of the conduction system, this leads to an even greater decrease in pressure. On the part of the lungs, oxygen exchange decreases and carbon dioxide
  4. , while oxygen in the blood becomes less, and carbon dioxide accumulates.

On the part of the kidneys, urine production decreases, toxic products accumulate in the blood.

In case of a prolonged situation, help with a drop in pressure is provided in intensive care.

Emergency care at home

  • Hypotension is either associated in patients with an underlying disease, or occurs in the absence of disease; this is typical when the neurohumoral regulation of vascular wall tone is impaired. Sometimes blood pressure can only drop under certain circumstances, such as:
  • high ambient temperature;
  • decrease in oxygen concentration in the room;
  • acute human reaction to an event;
  • fright;
  • stress;

It is necessary to provide assistance with low blood pressure at home, in Everyday life There are situations where people lose consciousness at home. People around us have questions: what happened, what is the reason. Low pressure? What to do? How is first aid provided in such circumstances?

First aid for low blood pressure is provided at home right at the site of the patient's fall.

  1. If this is the beginning of fainting, the person is staggering, he himself complained that he felt sick, he needs to urgently lay him down on a horizontal surface, put a pillow, cushion, or something under his feet so that his legs are raised. This will improve blood flow to the head, particularly to the brain.
  2. Then you need to improve the flow of oxygen, unbutton the top buttons of your shirt, and open the window.
  3. If a person is already unconscious, you need to check the pulse, breathing, examine the person for injuries, turn his head to the side, bring cotton wool soaked in ammonia to his nose, and rub his temples.
  4. In case of prolonged fainting, you must call an ambulance to provide medical first aid for low blood pressure using medication.

First aid for low blood pressure and low pulse

A pulse below 60 beats per minute (bradycardia) is considered low. What to do if your blood pressure drops and your pulse is low? Normally, this is typical for athletes or for those people whose activities involve intense work. In such a situation, first aid for low blood pressure and low pulse is not needed.

Most often, bradycardia is caused by chronic illness, heart damage, electrolyte disturbances, taking incorrect doses of medications, infectious diseases and others.

A person may experience a situation when complaints appear for the first time or the state of health deteriorates so much that it is no longer possible to ignore these signals, and the person asks questions, having a low pulse, what to do, whether first aid is possible.

For decreasing discomfort and an increase in both blood pressure and heart rate should be drunk at home:

  • caffeinated drinks,
  • tonic herbal tinctures: ginseng, eleutherococcus

But these methods help temporarily and do not eliminate the underlying disease.

Desirable lifestyle for hypotension

What to do with low blood pressure and high pulse?

If a hypotensive crisis and rapid heartbeat bother you for a long time, then you should undergo an examination, change your lifestyle, constantly take pills and be registered with specialists. This can suddenly occur in life-threatening conditions: severe blood loss, dehydration, acute inflammation internal organs

, for example pancreatitis, shock - in such cases emergency assistance and delivery of the patient to the hospital is required. This is also observed during pregnancy and as one of the manifestations neurocirculatory dystonia . In the latter situations, first aid at home for low blood pressure and high heart rate

You will take motherwort, valerian or valocordin.

You should not take medications to treat tachycardia on your own, as they have a hypotensive effect and can lead to bradycardia.

First aid for low blood pressure due to arrhythmia An abnormal rhythm is observed when various diseases hearts, thyroid gland , during menopause. During irregular contraction of the atria or ventricles, not only is the normal release

blood into the vascular bed, also during vortex movement of blood or stagnation, blood clots form. In the future, these blood clots can enter the blood vessels: into the brain, leading to ischemic stroke with subsequent complications, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, blood vessels of the legs, and intestines. All these circumstances lead to fatal outcome

or disability.

  1. In addition to thrombosis, there is a high risk of cardiac arrest, since the blood circulation of cardiomyocytes is also disrupted. Therefore, be sure to call an ambulance if necessary. The longer this condition lasts at home, the less chance it will be restored. But patients are not always able to receive medical care immediately. How to reduce complications of arrhythmia with low blood pressure? How is first aid provided in such a situation? First, the patient needs to calm down, drink sedatives
  2. plant based.
  3. Lie down on a horizontal surface

At home, chew a medicine that belongs to the antiplatelet group, such as aspirin.

Useful video

What to do if you have a headache and low blood pressure - watch the following video:

Conclusion

  1. The limits of blood pressure reduction vary among individuals.
  2. If there are no life-threatening circumstances, then first aid for low blood pressure at home is quite feasible on your own. To do this, you need to rest, drink tonic herbal tinctures. It is imperative to take into account the heart rate and its rhythm.
  3. Reason arterial hypotension can be serious illness or life-threatening arrhythmias that require medical attention.
  4. Even if the patient seems to know what to do with low blood pressure, first aid is familiar to him and his own techniques help raise blood pressure numbers at home, you should still be examined and find out the cause of the hypotensive state to avoid complications in the future.

Blood pressure decreases due to weak vascular tone. Persons suffering from hypotension experience symptoms such as dizziness, severe weakness, and drowsiness. In some cases, first aid for low blood pressure at home is necessary.

When you need quick help

Emergency treatment for hypotension is required when acute attacks. A sharp drop in pressure below 100/60 (for hypotensive patients - 80/40) poses a threat to life. The following symptoms are typical for such a critical condition:

  • severe dizziness, weakness;
  • pallor skin;
  • a pronounced feeling of lack of air;
  • fainting;
  • poor circulation in the extremities, causing them to become cold.


When blood pressure is low, the level of carbon dioxide increases and the level of oxygen decreases. Blood supply and nutrition to all organs also deteriorates, heartbeat, which can lead to cardiac arrest.

What to do if you have low blood pressure

If a person is in pre fainting, loses consciousness, then you need to call doctors. However, it is advisable to know. It is important to provide first aid for an attack of hypotension before the doctors arrive.

First actions

To relieve a critical condition, you should perform the following actions:

  • Place the person on their back and elevate their legs to improve blood flow to the brain.
  • Remove clothes that are too tight or unfasten buttons.
  • Provide the patient with access to air, open the windows, ventilate the room.
  • Rub the temple area with mint oil, rosemary or camphor.
  • Massage your legs, moving up from your ankles.
  • In case of fainting, moisten cotton wool in ammonia and bring it to the patient’s nose.
  • Massage the back of the head. The method helps eliminate dizziness.


It is also important to check your pulse. If it is reduced and cannot be easily felt, then give a cup of strong coffee or tea. In case of rapid rhythm, drinks containing caffeine are a contraindication.

With severe low blood pressure, first aid helps relieve the attack. After relief of the condition, the patient needs to remain in a relaxed position and not move abruptly.

Medicines

As a service emergency assistance You can use Citramon, sodium caffeine benzoate, after first measuring the person’s pulse. The drugs stimulate the nervous system, increase blood pressure, and increase heart rate.

It is contraindicated to give during an attack sedatives, which can further reduce blood pressure levels.

Phytotherapy

Tonic herbs help with hypotension. Effective means are considered alcohol tinctures ginseng root, eleutherococcus. Medicinal herbal infusions tone the nervous system, increase the body's defenses. To provide emergency assistance during a hypotonic attack, 15-20 drops of the drug are required.


An effective medicine is a tincture of Leuzea. For a pronounced tonic effect, 15 drops of the drug are enough.

Folk remedies

Can help with hypotension traditional methods:

  • Eat dark chocolate without any additives.
  • Eat a pinch of salt, which retains fluid in the body, which helps increase blood pressure while decreasing it slightly.
  • Consume 1 cup daily pomegranate juice, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1.
  • Take a contrast shower. The method helps tone blood vessels and reduce the likelihood of acute attacks of hypotension.
  • Drink rosehip decoction 3 times a day, 150 ml after meals.
  • Massage the lower limbs, little fingers, earlobes. Eliminates manifestations of hypotension acupressure in the nose area, upper lip. The method can be effective as one of the methods of providing emergency care.

Some folk remedies are effective for long-term use. To prevent and reduce the likelihood of hypotensive attacks, it is important to monitor your lifestyle and minimize emotional overload.

Blood pressure indicators are individual for everyone, but when it drops sharply and causes certain symptoms, this is primary arterial hypotension. Hypotension occurs in children and adults. It is accompanied by dizziness, loss of coordination, and in severe cases even leads to fainting or collapse. Pathology manifests itself in people of different ages, but more often in young people and even teenagers. An attack of hypotension may go away on its own or require urgent hospitalization. It depends on what reasons provoked it.

Varieties of the disease

Hypotension may develop acutely or have chronic type currents. Its pathogenesis is a decrease in tone blood vessels and weakening of myocardial tone. Acute arterial hypotension develops with a sharp expansion of the lumen of blood vessels or a pathological decrease in the volume of circulating blood. With this nature of the course, urgent health care. Chronic form characterized by a gradual decrease in blood pressure. If hypotension progresses, then the hypotensive person will have symptoms characteristic of people with low blood pressure. In addition, the pathology has the following types:

  • Idiopathic or postural hypotension is the body’s tendency to sharply decrease pressure (within 10-20 units).
  • Postprandial hypotension is hypotension that occurs after the patient has eaten food.
  • Symptomatic hypotension develops against the background of underlying diseases (gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, kidneys, respiratory organs). In this case, primary hypotension has symptoms similar to those of the underlying disease.
  • Cerebral hypotension develops as a result of meningococcal infection that affects the lining of the brain.
  • Severe arterial hypotension is manifested by a dramatic decrease in blood pressure, as a result of which a hypotensive crisis develops.
  • Diastolic hypotension is observed in older people and is associated with the development of vascular atherosclerosis.

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Causes of hypotension

The following causes of arterial hypotension are distinguished:

  • vegetative-vascular dystonia;
  • stressful situations;
  • sleep disorders;
  • depression;
  • anemia;
  • stomach ulcer;
  • heart diseases;
  • pathologies of the endocrinological and nervous system;
  • presence of diabetes;
  • spine diseases;
  • oncological diseases;
  • infectious diseases;
  • menopause
  • massive bleeding;
  • severe dehydration;
  • injuries;
  • poisoning;
  • development of anaphylactic shock;
  • sudden disturbance in the functioning of the heart.

Symptoms of the disease

  • sudden onset of pain in different parts heads;
  • the appearance of dizziness;
  • decreased performance;
  • the appearance of nausea and vomiting;
  • pain behind the sternum;
  • temperature change;
  • mood lability:
  • the appearance of fear, anxiety;
  • tachycardia.
  • increased sweating;
  • blurred vision;
  • darkening of the eyes;
  • the appearance of weakness and dizziness;
  • hearing loss.
  • rapid heartbeat;
  • severe fatigue;
  • heavy sweating;
  • the appearance of headache and dizziness;
  • blurred vision;
  • chest pain;
  • paleness of the skin;
  • a sharp drop in blood pressure;
  • rapid breathing and pulse;
  • profuse sweating;
  • loss of consciousness.
  • noise in ears;
  • the appearance of dizziness;
  • “heaviness” in the head;
  • deterioration of sleep;
  • memory loss.
  • “flies” before the eyes;
  • heavy sweating;
  • sharp and severe pain in the head;
  • loss of body coordination;
  • disorientation in the environment;
  • collapse.

Complications of hypotension

The following complications are identified:

  • disturbances in the functioning of the heart and the appearance of arrhythmia;
  • appearance coronary disease hearts;
  • stroke;
  • cardiogenic shock;
  • frequent fainting;
  • memory loss;
  • decreased visual acuity.

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Hypotonic crisis

A hypotonic attack is a sharp drop in pressure, which leads to a deterioration in the patient’s condition. In this case, blood pressure numbers drop below 100/60 mm Hg. Art. The causes of this condition may be stress factors, diseases of internal organs and their complications, shock, spinal diseases, and oncology. A hypotonic attack is manifested by the appearance of drowsiness, lethargy, and tremors of the arms and legs. Pallor of the skin, dizziness, and fainting are also observed.

First aid in a crisis

When the first symptoms of a hypotensive crisis appear, you should immediately go to the hospital. If this is not possible, then first aid in a crisis is carried out at home. To do this, a hypotensive person must lie on the bed without a pillow, unbutton tight clothes, and ventilate the room. During an attack, it is important to try to calm him down without using sedatives. In case of faintness or loss of consciousness, give cotton wool soaked in ammonia to sniff. If the condition does not improve, then the patient must be hospitalized.

Who to contact?

If signs of hypotension appear, you should first consult a physician. He will collect all complaints, examine and refer you for consultation to a cardiologist, neurologist and endocrinologist. These specialists will conduct a survey, examine, prescribe diagnostic measures and will conduct differential diagnosis. After that they will put accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

Diagnosis of arterial hypotension

  1. General blood analysis.
  2. General urine analysis.
  3. Blood chemistry.
  4. Ultrasound of the heart.

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Treatment of the disease

If you are constantly worried about arterial hypotension, it is important to consult a doctor promptly. He will collect an anamnesis of the disease, examine the patient, conduct diagnostics and make a diagnosis. After this, the doctor will prescribe therapy, which includes medications, traditional methods and dietary food, selected individually for each patient.

Medications

Arterial hypotension is treated with the following drugs:

  1. tonics - tinctures of “Eleutherococcus”, “Ginseng”, “Chinese lemongrass”;
  2. purine alkaloid - “Caffeine”;
  3. cerebroprotectors - “Cinnarizine”, “Actovegin”;
  4. nootropics - “Nootropil”, “Piracetam”, “Lucetam”;
  5. vitamins - “Undevit”, “Aevit”.

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Traditional treatment

Arterial hypotension is treated with folk recipes healers:

  1. For hypotension, an infusion of prickly tartar helps. To do this, take 1 teaspoon of dry herb and add it to 1 glass of hot water. Leave for 20 minutes and strain. Drink 1/3 cup before meals 3 times a day.
  2. We take crushed chicory root and ground oats in a 1:1 ratio. Fill everything with 2 glasses of hot water. This mixture should be infused for 2 hours. Drink ¼ cup half an hour before meals.
  3. Take half a spoon of ground ginger and add to a glass of sweet strong tea. Use 3 times a day for a week.
  4. Drinking strong black tea or coffee may also help.

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Other treatment

For the effectiveness of therapy, dietary nutrition is prescribed, which will help normalize the condition. Recommended to use:

  • dishes with increased content salt;
  • spices;
  • fish and fatty meats;
  • rich flour products;
  • products containing starch;
  • caffeinated drinks;
  • sweet;
  • fruits and vegetables;

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Prevention of hypotension

If in youth the patient was bothered by hypotension, then at a more mature age due to changes in vascular tone he experiences normotension. But this is not always the case, so you need to monitor your blood pressure. Patients with hypotension are advised to normalize their sleep schedule (8-9 hours) and not expose their body to unnecessary physical and emotional stress. You also need to monitor your diet. It is useful to be more in the fresh air, to exercise physical therapy and go to the pool and get a massage.

First aid methods for low blood pressure

People suffering from arterial hypotension are not as common as those with hypertension, however, problems with low blood pressure also have their place in medical practice.

Blood pressure levels can decrease for many reasons, for example, overwork or lack of sleep, and most often you can normalize it yourself and without the use of medications.

If a decrease in blood pressure occurs occasionally, accompanied by a slight malaise that goes away after good rest, then no need to worry. But if the attacks arterial hypertension appear frequently or are chronic nature- Don’t put off going to the doctor.

  • All information on the site is for informational purposes only and is NOT a guide to action!
  • Can give you an ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS only DOCTOR!
  • We kindly ask you NOT to self-medicate, but make an appointment with a specialist!
  • Health to you and your loved ones!

The mechanism of occurrence of pathology

A decrease in blood pressure is the result of a weakening or reduction in the impulse of the heart muscle, insufficient venous return of blood to the heart, as well as deterioration peripheral resistance vessels.

Reason low pressure The walls of the arteries often become weak, which, due to their inelasticity, stretch under the flow of blood, thereby impairing its circulation.

Also, the mechanism of development of hypertension depends on the type of disease, which is divided into three types:

  • occurs during intense physical exertion;
  • during prolonged overexertion, the body, for the purpose of protection, switches to the function of economical energy expenditure, which leads to a weakening of the functioning of many systems, including blood circulation.
  • develops as a result of prolonged stress;
  • when nervous overstrain occurs, due to mental stress or anxiety, the body, protecting itself from serious consequences, changes the impulse signals of the brain to the heart, thereby reducing the functioning of the circulatory system.
  • appears against the background of many diseases that have an unfavorable course or chronic etiology;
  • this type low blood pressure occurs due to prolonged fasting, hypovitaminosis, especially with a lack of vitamins E, B and C, as well as a sharp change in climate.

Most often suffer from chronic hypotension weather dependent people, any shift weather conditions affects them with poor health due to low blood pressure.

The following reasons can provoke a decrease in blood pressure:

  • injuries cervical spine spine;
  • osteochondrosis;
  • concussion;
  • chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver;
  • prolonged severe anemia;
  • pancreatic diseases;
  • thyroid dysfunction;
  • medications(side effects);
  • cardiac dysfunction;
  • vascular atherosclerosis;
  • long-term depression and neurotic state;
  • dehydration or severe blood loss.

The main reason for the development of arterial hypotension can be considered poor vascular tone. In hypotensive patients, the arterial walls do not contract quickly enough, which slows down the pumping of blood and provokes malaise due to the fact that the body does not receive enough necessary nutrients and oxygen.

First aid for low blood pressure

Poor health, with a decrease in blood pressure, occurs when systolic pressure falls below 100mmHg. Art., and the diastolic becomes less than 60 mm Hg. Art.

In elderly people, ailments associated with hypertension occur at levels of 110/70 mmHg. Art., since their normal pressure considered 150/90.

Hypotension ailments may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • headache;
  • heat intolerance;
  • sensitivity to cold;
  • memory impairment;
  • inattention;
  • nausea (during acute attacks);
  • dizziness accompanied by darkening of the eyes;
  • fainting;
  • chronic fatigue;
  • drowsiness and weakness;
  • low performance;
  • predisposition to motion sickness;
  • sweating of the feet and palms;
  • lack of air;
  • shortness of breath and palpitations during physical activity.

The presence of specific symptoms depends on the type of arterial hypertension and its form. With chronic hypotension, pressure readings usually do not fall below 100/65 mmHg. Art. This type of illness does not lead to a significant deterioration of the condition, most often accompanied by mild dizziness, drowsiness and fatigue.

Help for such low blood pressure is to improve blood flow. A contrast shower with alternating hot and cool water helps to alleviate the condition and normalize blood pressure.

After taking a shower, you should drink a cup of sweets green tea or coffee. Also, with low blood pressure, dark chocolate or something salty helps a lot, since salt increases blood pressure.

Citrus fruits, pomegranate juice, and vitamin C will help cope with hypotension. To improve blood flow, you can massage the cervical-collar area, it will quickly accelerate the blood and help increase blood pressure.

First aid for low blood pressure acute etiology The first step is to call an ambulance.

Before the arrival of doctors, if a person has lost consciousness or is in a pre-fainting state, the following manipulations should be carried out:

  • lay the patient horizontally (on his back);
  • provide access fresh air;
  • free the neck and chest area from constricting clothing;
  • give the patient drops for hypotension (if he is conscious);
  • rub the leg muscles, starting to massage them from the ankles, moving up.

If you don't have it at hand necessary medicine, eliminating the hypotonic state, then in order to raise the pressure, you can give the person strong coffee or give two tablets of citramon, which also contains caffeine.

It is necessary to remember about contraindications; try to find out from the patient whether he has heart disease and whether he can take blood-thinning drugs.

You can normalize blood flow and slightly increase pressure using the acupuncture method: press the point under the nose with your finger, hold for about a minute, then release and repeat the same manipulation again (5-10 times).

From here you can learn about the causes of orthostatic hypotension and how to treat it.

Also, while emergency assistance is on the way, you can normalize blood flow by placing the lower limbs above the level of the head. To do this, you need to lie down with your legs over the back of the sofa or sit on the bed and place several pillows under your shins.

First aid at home for low blood pressure is very important. If you put the patient to bed in time and give him medications that eliminate the symptoms of hypotension, you can avoid loss of consciousness and falling.

Folk remedies

To treat low blood pressure, it is not necessary to resort to taking medications that have a lot of side effects and contraindications. Except traditional therapy There is also an unconventional method for arterial hypertension, which consists in treating hypotension with traditional methods.

Let's look at some of them:

  • with a slight decrease in blood pressure, you can eat a pinch of salt or drink salted water;
  • salt increases blood pressure due to fluid retention in the body, therefore it is an effective traditional medicine;
  • however, remember that the safe amount of this substance per day is 4–5 grams; if you eat more, you can harm your health.
  • tincture from the root of this plant perfectly tones, strengthens the immune system and increases blood pressure;
  • to get rid of a hypotonic state, it is enough to drink 35–40 drops of ginseng tincture, diluting it with half a glass of water.
  • for chronic hypotension, taking 25 drops of lemongrass tincture before meals can prevent acute manifestation illness and get rid of chronic fatigue and drowsiness;
  • Do not drink lemongrass tincture at night to prevent insomnia.
  • dried grapes increase blood pressure and improve the condition of the circulatory system;
  • those who do not like this delicacy can make a tincture from it and drink it half an hour before meals.
  • take strawberry leaves, St. John's wort, yarrow, juniper fruits and rose hips in equal quantities;
  • pour boiling water (3 cups) over all ingredients and leave to steep in a warm place for a couple of hours;
  • By drinking a tablespoon before meals, you can improve the elasticity of blood vessels, get rid of fatigue, dizziness and normalize blood pressure.
  • tincture from these plants not only helps to increase blood pressure, but also improves vascular permeability and has an antitumor effect;
  • To increase the effectiveness and benefits of the tincture, you can add ginseng root and Rhodiola rosea to it.

Remember before starting treatment traditional medicine, you should definitely consult a doctor to prevent the condition from worsening. This is especially true for pregnant women and people suffering from allergic reactions.

To reduce the frequency of attacks of arterial hypotension and keep blood pressure normal, you must adhere to proper nutrition And special diet. Garlic should be excluded from the diet of hypotensive patients. You should not overuse foods rich in potassium, as it dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.

It is imperative to start the day with something useful full breakfast. Meals should be frequent, but small. Remember the importance of water, you should drink at least a day the established norm(1.5–2.0 liters). Water increases blood density, thereby improving and maintaining blood pressure.

If there are no stomach problems, then introduce spicy and spicy dishes. Do not limit yourself in the amount of salt you consume; it is best to eat at least 5 grams per day.

Drink vitamins B and C, and also include the following foods in your diet:

  • Rye bread;
  • cereals and grain crops;
  • nuts and legumes;
  • vegetables and fruits;
  • meat;
  • citrus;
  • dates;
  • avocado;
  • grapefruit;
  • green tea;
  • dairy products;
  • fresh juices;
  • celery;
  • leaf salad.

You should not abuse coffee and drinks containing caffeine, as they negatively affect the health of the heart and nervous system.

Movement is important for hypotensive patients; under no circumstances lead a passive lifestyle. Try to walk more in the fresh air and spend 20 minutes a day on physical exercise. But all this must be done with caution, avoiding sudden movements and overwork, in order to prevent dizziness and fainting.

We will tell you how to cope with stomach hypotension on your own and whether you need the help of a doctor here.

Why is hypotension of the bladder dangerous and what complications can arise with prolonged absence of therapy - answers in this article.

Emergency care for hypotension

Arterial hypotension occurs due to a decrease in cardiac output [for example, in case of poisoning with cardiotoxic drugs and chrononegative substances, such as clonidine (clonidine), verapamil, divalent metal salts], general peripheral vascular resistance (for example, in case of poisoning with α-blockers), hypovolemia (for example, , in case of poisoning with snake venoms, ganglion blockers).

With hypovolemia and vascular dilatation, reflex tachycardia occurs, partially compensating for the decrease in blood pressure. With bradycardia, hypotension occurs quickly and is more pronounced.

Possible complications of hypotension:

  • metabolic acidosis;
  • circulatory hypoxia;
  • exotoxic shock;
  • cardiogenic shock;
  • cerebral ischemia;
  • tubular necrosis of the kidneys.

Differential diagnosis during emergency care for hypotension includes:

  • sharp coronary syndrome(myocardial infarction, unstable angina);
  • hypothermia;
  • infectious gastroenterocolitis;
  • sepsis;
  • acute blood loss;
  • injury to the spine and spinal cord.

Emergency and medical care for hypotension

Intensive care at the prehospital stage:

  1. determine the degree and nature of respiratory disorders and the amount of therapy necessary to maintain an open airway; start IVL or mechanical ventilation in order to eliminate hypoventilation and hypoxemia;
  2. provide reliable access to the vein;
  3. start IV infusion of crystalloid (40 ml/kg/h) or colloid (20 ml/kg/h) solutions;
  4. monitor ECG, control blood pressure every 15 minutes;
  5. if there is no effect from therapy in the first 20 minutes, start administering inotropic support agents, vasopressors at 0.9% - 400 ml NaCl against the background of infusion therapy:
    • - dopamine (dopamine) at a dose of 10 to 15 mcg/kg/min and above, or
    • - norepinephrine (norepinephrine) at a dose of 2-8 mcg/min, or
    • - mezatone (phenylephrine) at a dose of 5-20 mcg/min (Table 2.5). Selected doses of vasopressors are titrated to maintain effective level Blood pressure, which is monitored every 1015 minutes.
  6. treat decompensating bradycardia (at heart rate 160/min) and arrhythmia;
  7. in case of hypothermia, perform warming measures;
  8. catheterize bladder for measuring excreted urine and subsequent CTI of urine;
  9. urgently hospitalize the patient.

During transportation, monitor vital functions (airway patency, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure).

Remember that hypotension should initially be eliminated by replenishing the volume of the vascular bed, and if there is no effect, by prescribing vasopressors. If these measures do not lead to normalization of blood pressure, the cause of hypotension should be sought and appropriate therapy should be administered.

Dopmin (dopamine) may not have an effect in calculated doses in the following poisonings:

  • blockers of the terminal vascular bed (sedative neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants);
  • substances that cause depletion of catecholamine depots (reserpine, bretylene, tricyclic antidepressants, amphetamines, cocaine);
  • drugs that block the conversion of dopamine (dopamine) to norepinephrine (norepinephrine) [Antabuse (disulfiram)].

In such cases, the dose of dopamine (dopamine) is titrated, increasing the rate of drug administration by 5-10 mcg/kg/min every 510 minutes until the blood pressure reaches at least 90 mm Hg. If there is no effect from high doses dopamine (dopamine) (30-50 mcg/kg/min), norepinephrine (norepinephrine) is added to it, and the dose of dopamine (dopamine) is reduced to “standard inotropic” (10-15 mcg/kg/min), and norepinephrine (norepinephrine ) is administered at the rate of 0.1 mcg/kg/min.

Against the background of poisoning with MAOIs (isocarbazide, phenelzine, tranylcypramine, selegeline), dopmin (dopamine) can cause adrenergic syndrome.

For tricyclic antidepressant poisoning, the drug of choice is norepinephrine (norepinephrine) [or its combination with dopamine (dopamine)].

In the emergency department of the hospital (in the emergency department), take measures to help with hypotension - catheterize the second vein (to be able to measure CVP) and continue infusion therapy and oxygen therapy. If there is no effect, correct metabolic acidosis (3-4% NaHC03 solution at the rate of 2-3 ml/kg IV in a bolus and then under the control of CBS), and the dose of inotropic agents is increased with a simultaneous increase in PEEP during mechanical ventilation. If ineffective, dobutamine is added to the therapy at a rate of 5-4 mcg/kg/min.

Pathologically low blood pressure: first aid and prevention of hypotension

Hypotonics are much less common than hypertensives. But still, people sometimes turn to doctors with the problem of low blood pressure.

There are many reasons for the development of hypotension. The condition may be characterized by mild malaise.

But sometimes a person suddenly becomes so ill that he has to take certain measures. This article will tell you what first aid for low blood pressure is.

Causes and danger of hypotension

Before considering first aid for hypotension, it is necessary to find out why such a pathology develops and what consequences it has.

Blood pressure decreases due to the fact that the heart muscle begins to contract weaker.

This deviation occurs for a number of reasons.

Modern medicine distinguishes primary, secondary and physiological hypotension. The latter species does not pose a danger to humans. Develops as a result of emotional and physical exhaustion. Primary hypotension is caused by constant mental stress, disrupted sleep and wakefulness, frequent stress and nervous tension.

Doctors note that primary hypotension is most often observed in children and adolescents who have high mental potential. The secondary type of disease is provoked by various deviations in the functioning of body systems. The chronic form of hypotension often occurs in weather-sensitive individuals. Blood pressure often drops in very hot weather. summer days or in rainy weather.

Hypotension is usually diagnosed in people with the following diseases:

  • cervical osteochondrosis;
  • liver dysfunction;
  • dehydration of the body;
  • pathologies caused long-term use medicines;
  • viral hepatitis;
  • concussion and other head injuries;
  • pathology of cardio-vascular system;
  • severe blood loss;
  • dysfunction of the pancreas.

Low pressure is dangerous because the walls of the arteries begin to contract with low intensity. Because of this, the blood pumping process slows down significantly. Oxygen starvation and shortage needed by the body elements lead to poor health and can cause cardiogenic shock. The risk of developing hypertension and stroke increases.

Alarming symptoms

The following nuances must be taken into account:

  • Elderly patients often complain of feeling unwell when their blood pressure is at 120/80 mmHg. This value is accepted as the norm. But older people tend to have hypertension. They feel better at 140/60 mmHg;
  • Blood pressure limits are influenced by the individual characteristics of the body. For some people, low blood pressure is normal and is not accompanied by unpleasant symptoms. With values ​​of 90/60 mmHg, a person feels active and cheerful. And increasing the indicator to the standard causes his condition to worsen.

Low blood pressure is characterized by the following symptoms:

  • hyperhidrosis;
  • blurred vision;
  • paleness of the skin;
  • weakness;
  • throbbing pain in the temple area;
  • tachycardia;
  • nausea;
  • dyspnea;
  • dizziness;
  • migraine;
  • fainting;
  • darkening of the eyes when trying to stand up sharply from a sitting or lying position.

The above symptoms may appear due to physical overexertion. In this case, the condition quickly worsens. Without certain activities, a person may lose consciousness.

First aid rules for hypotension

When a person's blood pressure drops sharply, it is better to call an ambulance. Before the doctors arrive, a number of measures must be taken. But first aid for low blood pressure should be provided in such a way as not to further worsen the patient’s condition.

The main principle of first aid for hypotension is not to harm the patient. Therefore, you should follow these rules:

  • If unpleasant symptoms characteristic of hypotension appear, you need to measure your blood pressure using a tonometer. Only after making sure that the indicators for a person are low is it possible to take measures to increase blood pressure;
  • It is impossible to sharply raise the values ​​to the normal level. This will only make the situation worse.

If a person’s health has sharply deteriorated, signs of hypotension have appeared, certain measures must be taken urgently.

First aid for low blood pressure consists of performing a number of the following actions:

  • Place the hypotensive patient in a supine position. You cannot put a pillow under your head. The lower limbs need to be raised to the level of the head to improve cerebral circulation. If you can’t get the patient to lie down, you can sit him up, bend your knees and gently lower your head between your knees;
  • provide fresh air access to the room;
  • To make it easier for a person to breathe, it is recommended to unfasten the top buttons of clothes and untie the tie. All tightening belts and jewelry must be removed;
  • Sprinkle your face with water or wipe with a damp handkerchief. This is especially shown in the case when the pressure has decreased as a result of sunstroke;
  • Give a glass of strong black or green tea with honey. Can be added for better efficiency a little cinnamon powder. The liquid should be warm (temperature 40-45 degrees). It is useful to drink pomegranate juice, coffee;
  • give something salty to eat (cheese, cucumber);
  • Give me half a tablet of aspirin to drink. A tincture of leuzea, eleutherococcus, lemongrass or ginseng is also suitable;
  • a contrast shower, rubbing the whole body with a wet towel help to increase the tonometer readings;
  • do an intense foot massage (from ankles to knees and above). You should rub your stomach and lower back. Massage the acupuncture point under the nose (press and hold it for a minute; repeat this 5-10 times);
  • Helps with fainting ammonia. It is sold at any pharmacy and is available without a prescription. You just need to give it a sniff. Essential oils are also effective. For example, camphor, mint, rosemary, bergamot. A couple of drops of the product should be placed on cotton wool and brought to the patient’s nose. A few breaths are usually enough for a person to come to his senses;
  • Call emergency medical care or a local doctor at home.

To correct tonometer readings, pharmacists offer a number of drugs. But you should use them only after consulting a doctor. Citramon, Fludrocortisone, Cordiamin and Caffetin are good for raising blood pressure.

Regular Citramon effectively raises blood pressure

These medications must be taken under the control of tonometer readings. The dosage and method of administration are selected individually for each patient, taking into account the characteristics of the body and the severity of hypotension. If attacks of hypotension recur frequently, doctors usually prescribe a course of vitamin therapy.

After all, this condition is often observed with a deficiency of vitamins B and C. After stopping the hypotonic crisis, it is necessary to provide the patient with peace and rest. If the pressure drops sharply on the street, it is better to escort the person home.

Prevention

As a preventive measure, doctors recommend:

  • increase salt intake;
  • drink about two liters of liquid per day;
  • eat small and often. Food should be rich in vitamins and microelements;
  • exclude from the diet foods that contain large quantities potassium. It is worth giving up garlic;
  • walk in the fresh air more often;
  • exercise. Physical exercise is recommended for at least twenty minutes a day.

Useful video

If you are worried about low blood pressure, what should you do? First aid for hypotension consists of the following points:

Thus, if among your relatives and friends there is a hypotensive person, it is useful to know the symptoms of low pressure and the algorithm of actions in the event of an attack of hypotension. If the pressure drops sharply, you need to call an ambulance and take a number of measures to improve the patient’s well-being before the doctors arrive. To prevent frequent crises, you should conduct healthy image life, eat a certain way and drink enough pure mineral water.

How to beat HYPERTENSION at home?

To get rid of hypertension and cleanse blood vessels, you need.

Blood pressure can be high or low - it all depends on the person’s age, his individual characteristics, gender, weight and other parameters. Low blood pressure is not as dangerous to human health as high blood pressure, which is often complicated by strokes and heart attacks. Low blood pressure is considered normal if a person feels normal. But symptoms such as palpitations, sudden weakness, heart pain and dizziness may be signs sharp decline pressure, which can even threaten health. Therefore, during a sudden increase or decrease blood pressure timely first aid must be provided.

First aid for high blood pressure

First of all, you should call an ambulance. The patient must be calmed and put to bed, then the windows should be opened. It is important to comply bed rest, but sometimes patients feel better in a sitting position.

Before the doctors arrive, you need to do a hot foot bath or put a mustard plaster on the back of your head and calf muscles for blood flow to the legs. If the increase in pressure has caused pain in the heart area, the patient can be given nitroglycerin or validol under the tongue. To reduce blood pressure, you can also put drugs such as capoten, corinfar, clonidine, furosemide, labetolol under the tongue. If the patient is in excited state, he should be given sedatives - phenazepam, Relanium, Elenium.

Providing first aid for high blood pressure, you should know that blood pressure should decrease gradually, over about an hour, without sharp jumps, approximately 25-30 mm Hg. Further assistance with high blood pressure is provided only by doctors.

And remember that an important role in providing first aid is played by psychological support relatives and loved ones, who should never panic.

First aid for low blood pressure

If there is a sharp drop in pressure, it is also important for the victim to provide first aid correctly and in a timely manner.

There are many more reasons for low blood pressure than high blood pressure. For example, this could be internal bleeding. And if, while providing first aid, you begin to raise blood pressure, blood loss will only accelerate. And with another reason for low blood pressure - a sharp drop in blood glucose levels - you can endlessly narrow the blood vessels with the help of medications, but this will not get rid of the problem. Therefore, firstly, you should make sure that the patient is not a diabetic (there is no smell of acetone on his breath, there is no special card in the documents) and he does not have an injury or wound that could cause internal bleeding(one of the first symptoms is sticky cold sweat).

When providing first aid in case of a sharp decrease in pressure, lay the patient on the bed, place a blanket or pillow under the shins - the victim’s legs should be located slightly above the head. Unbutton the patient's tight clothing and open the window.

Then measure your blood pressure and record the time and blood pressure readings. During the first hour, monitor your blood pressure every 15 minutes, then the interval can be increased to half an hour.

The patient can be given black strong sweet hot tea with the addition of 15 drops of tincture of ginseng, eleutherococcus, zamanikha, Rhodiola rosea, aralia, pantocrine.

Warm the victim by covering him with a warm blanket, as a decrease in blood pressure is accompanied by a drop in body temperature by 1-2C.

If the pressure continues to decrease steadily, the patient loses consciousness - urgently call an ambulance. If the condition improves, you can call your local physician.

  • the patient should not be given drugs to increase blood pressure, as well as strong coffee, as it causes an increase in heart rate, and the heart should be supported in this situation.
  • You should not offer him alcohol, as it dilates peripheral vessels, blood is directed into them, but there is already not enough of it.
  • the patient should not do sudden bends or squats, as a sudden rush of blood to the muscles can lead to loss of consciousness.

A decrease in blood pressure is quite rare. Of course, hypotension is not required in all cases, emergency measures, in some cases, with a slight reduction, you can get by simple measures, and in others you will need emergency first aid.

Hypotension is considered to be blood pressure below 100/60 mmHg. Art., however, this condition does not always require correction. If a person feels great at this pressure and does not feel unwell, this is considered his working pressure and does not require correction.

At feeling unwell even with pressure readings of 110/70 mm Hg. Art. Medical attention may be required. Pressure indicators for each person are strictly individual; averaging the norm makes it possible to determine deviations during examinations. However, diagnosis requires additional research, on the basis of which the cause will be found.

How to increase blood pressure with a slight decrease

The following actions will help raise blood pressure and normalize the patient’s well-being:

  1. First of all, it is necessary to normalize the blood flow in the body. In this case, quick adoption will help contrast shower(alternating cold water and slightly hot water).
  2. Strong tea with sugar or coffee (1 glass will be enough).
  3. Salty foods and dark chocolate have the property of increasing blood pressure.
  4. Massage of the cervical-collar area.
  5. Hypotension can be regulated by consuming pomegranate juice or fresh citrus fruit. Positive effect provides high concentration vitamin C.

What symptoms of hypotension require first aid?

Prolonged hypotension or a drop in blood pressure to critical values ​​is quite real threat human health and requires quick relief in order to reduce negative consequences on the body and restore normal working condition.

If your blood pressure drops, help is required for the following symptoms:

  • severe headache;
  • dizziness, which may lead to fainting;
  • hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating);
  • lack of air;
  • nausea;
  • shortness of breath;
  • increased heart rate.

The listed symptoms often appear during moments of physical stress, so hypotensive patients may need help urgently.

First aid algorithm for low blood pressure

First aid for low blood pressure should be provided immediately if the person’s condition worsens (dizziness, weakness, fainting). Regardless of where the crisis occurs, the patient must first be calmed and, if possible, put to bed.

  • If you have a tonometer, you need to measure blood pressure to confirm hypotension;
  • Lay the patient down so that the head is lower than the feet. To do this, you can use available means: pillows, blankets, folded clothes or a low bench;
  • All restrictive clothing, ties, belts, tight jewelry must be removed and buttons undone. It is advisable to provide an influx of fresh cool air, especially in stuffy rooms;
  • Be sure to give the patient something to drink, preferably sweet tea with honey and cinnamon or at least plain water;
  • If you overheat in the sun, spray your face cold water and place a wet cloth on your head and neck;
  • Inhalation of vapors has a good effect essential oil(any invigorating scent will do);
  • From pharmacological drugs A tablet of citramon or cordiamine is quite suitable. The dosage of the drug depends on the age and condition of the patient and is selected separately in each case. Treatment should be carried out under the control of tonometer readings.

After relief of the hypotensive crisis, the patient is advised to rest and rest. If an attack occurs on the street, it is recommended to accompany the person home to avoid re-decrease HELL.

Be careful! When providing first aid to lower blood pressure, the main principle is not to harm the patient.

Do not try to sharply increase the pressure to normal numbers, such actions can greatly aggravate the condition and cause harm.

Prevention of hypotensive crises

Constant help with low blood pressure consists of simple and effective actions:

, especially in combination with your favorite melody.

Conclusion Following simple rules for your own life support will be of greater help with low blood pressure than medications. However, at the first symptoms of hypotension, you must contact the nearest clinic to determine the cause of the pathological reaction. Timely detection problems allows completely and in short time