Dysbacteriosis is any disorder of microflora in the body. The problem is diagnosed in adults, children and even newborns. If we talk about women, there is a special type of imbalance – vaginal. It is asymptomatic or accompanied by pronounced symptoms. Dysbacteriosis in women is a common problem (occurs in 90% of the fair sex).

Dysbiosis is an imbalance of harmful and beneficial bacteria

Composition of vaginal microflora

The microflora of the vaginal cavity is formed as follows:

• lactobacilli. They are called Dederlein sticks. The number of lactobacilli reaches 90%;
• bifidobacteria. They are part of the microflora of the female genital organs in an amount of 9-10%;
• key cells. Includes Candida, Leptothrix, Gardnerella, and others. Their number is insignificant (1%).

The ratio of microorganisms on the mucous membranes of a woman’s genital organs is stable. The immune system plays a key role in this process. It controls the number of pathogenic microorganisms. The body is able to independently normalize microflora without additional measures. In case of significant violations, local immunity cannot cope with the problem, which causes violations.

What causes imbalance?

Dysbacteriosis in women occurs due to certain reasons. This violation provokes any negative impact on the fragile organism of the fair sex.

Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that influences the development of dysbiosis

Main causes of vaginal imbalance:

• poor nutrition. Eating foods containing easily digestible carbohydrates, fried, and fatty foods increases blood glucose levels. The resulting environment is favorable for the development of pathogenic microorganisms (especially for fungi of the genus Candida);
• intestinal dysbiosis. Disruption of the digestive system directly affects women's health. The walls of the vagina are in contact with the intestines. When disorders of the digestive system occur, pathogenic microflora penetrates the mucous membranes of the genital organs;
• failure to comply with generally accepted rules of personal hygiene. Diligent cleansing of intimate areas or lack of appropriate procedures leads to an imbalance of microorganisms on the mucous membranes;
• untimely change of pads and tampons during menstruation;
• wearing the wrong underwear. Passion for tight panties and thongs leads to changes in the microflora of intimate places. Wearing underwear made from synthetic fabrics also has a negative effect;
• long-term use of antibiotics. The use of antibacterial agents leads to the destruction of beneficial bacteria in the female body;
• hormonal imbalances. Affect changes in the condition of the mucous membranes, which entails dysbacteriosis;
• infections. This problem can be caused by sexually transmitted diseases and inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs.

In order to prevent dysbacteriosis, it is necessary to monitor the hygiene of your body

Nonspecific adverse factors

The causes of dysbacteriosis in women are:

• decreased immunity;
• hypothermia;
• chronic stress, nervous tension;
• excessive physical and mental stress;
• lack of sleep;
• travel (during sudden climate change);
• long-term use of oral contraceptives containing estrogen, progesterone;
• smoking;
• alcohol abuse.

Bad habits contribute to the development of dysbiosis

Main symptoms

In women, symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis manifest themselves as follows:

• change in the nature of discharge. They become abundant, acquire an uncharacteristic color (white, yellowish, greenish), smell (fishy, ​​putrid), consistency (excessively viscous);
• the appearance of itching, burning, discomfort in intimate places;
• discomfort during sexual intercourse and urination.

The nature of the changes and the number of unpleasant symptoms depend on the degree of disruption of the microflora of the mucous membranes. Emerging problems may indicate the development of completely different diseases. If characteristic signs of imbalance are identified, it is imperative to consult a doctor.

Dangers for pregnant women

Disorders of the mucous membranes of the genital organs are often found in pregnant women. This is due to hormonal changes. A pregnant woman is susceptible to a variety of negative influences caused by decreased immunity. If a change in the balance of microorganisms on the mucous membranes of the genital organs is not caused by infections, this condition is not dangerous. Pregnant women are not prescribed aggressive treatment that could negatively affect the development of the fetus. When unpleasant symptoms appear, local remedies are used to help eliminate pathogenic microorganisms.

During pregnancy, dysbiosis does not pose a danger to the child, but the need for treatment does not disappear

Treatment during pregnancy is aimed at preparing the body for the upcoming birth. During birth, the child receives microflora from the mother. Normally, Dederlein's bacilli colonize the baby's intestines. If pathogenic microorganisms are present on the walls of the vagina, they enter the child’s body. The consequence is the development of dysbiosis in the newborn baby.

Intimate problems in children

A change in the balance of microorganisms on the vaginal mucosa occurs in little girls. An unpleasant condition is associated with the presence of an infection of the genitourinary system, with neglect of personal hygiene standards. Sometimes the main reason is the entry of foreign objects into the genital slit.

In young children, dysbiosis develops against the background of enterobiasis. Pinworms crawl from the anus into the vagina, which causes an inflammatory process and disrupts the balance of microflora.

Symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis in girls are:

• the presence of uncharacteristic discharge from the genital opening;
• there is an increased interest in the genitals;
• the girl becomes capricious and restless;
• The child does not fall asleep for a long time and fidgets in bed.

At the first symptoms of dysbiosis, you should consult a doctor

Parents may observe white discharge in newborn girls, but this is not associated with dysbiosis. Estrogens enter the child's body from the mother. They are the ones who cause this condition. As maternal estrogen levels decrease, the discharge disappears.

Diagnosis of the problem

Diagnosis of dysbiosis in women includes a gynecological examination. The woman undergoes the following tests:

• smear from the mucous membrane to determine the flora;
• PCR diagnostics of infectious diseases;
• seeding of mucus discharged from the vagina.

The analysis is taken by a gynecologist during an examination using a special spatula. A smear is obtained from three areas - the cervical canal, from the walls of the vagina, from the surface of the opening of the urinary canal. In order not to distort the analysis, 2 days before visiting the gynecologist, it is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse, not to use intimate lubricants, and not to douche.

If problems are identified, special treatment is prescribed, after which it is necessary to retake tests. It is important to determine how much the situation has changed in order to decide on further actions.

To diagnose dysbiosis, it is necessary to undergo certain tests

How does imbalance affect the sexual partner?

An imbalance of the microflora of the vaginal cavity does not affect a woman’s sexual partner. There is no negative effect with regular contact without contraception. The appearance of unpleasant symptoms is possible if a man has a tendency to nonspecific urethritis or other genitourinary diseases. If the sexual partner is completely healthy, he is not in danger.

A woman cannot become infected with dysbacteriosis from a man. This happens when one of the partners has sexually transmitted diseases.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of dysbacteriosis is based on the principles:

• the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms stops;
• means are taken for the growth of beneficial microflora;
• normalization of the immune system to prevent relapse of the disease.

When a sexually transmitted infection is detected, medications are prescribed to help eliminate it. Doctors prescribe antibacterial therapy. When infections are not diagnosed, antibiotics are useless. It is more effective to use local procedures aimed at restoring microflora and increasing immunity. The use of antiseptics has a positive effect, since pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed when exposed to them.

Treatment of the disorder necessarily includes immunotherapy. It is aimed at increasing the protective functions of the vaginal wall. For minor deviations, local immunomodulators are prescribed. Treatment of serious disorders involves taking broad-spectrum drugs. Immunostimulating drugs and antibiotics are prescribed. The course of treatment for imbalance is 3-4 weeks.

When treating dysbiosis, it is necessary to undergo a course of therapy

Drugs to treat the disease

The imbalance of the female body is eliminated using the following medications:

• "Lactobacterin". Produces an antimicrobial effect. It has a wide spectrum of action. For use, Lactobacterin powder is dissolved in water. The resulting liquid is injected into the vaginal cavity. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor;
• "Bifidumbacterin". Normalizes the microflora of the vaginal cavity. Suppositories are administered intravaginally. The duration of treatment with Bifidumbacterin is 1.5 weeks;
• "Neo-Penotran". Has antimicrobial, antifungal effect. Suppositories "Neo-Penotran" are used for local therapy. Use during pregnancy and lactation is contraindicated;
• "Terzhinan." It has a wide spectrum of action (antibacterial, antifungal). Vaginal tablets "Terzhinan" are indicated for pregnant and nursing mothers. The drug is prescribed exclusively by a doctor. The drug is recommended to be used before bedtime;
• "Ginolact". The drug contains lactic acid bacteria that activate the body's natural defenses. Ginolact capsules are inserted deep into the vagina before bed. The medication is indicated for pregnant and nursing mothers;
• "Acylact". Suppositories contain lactobacilli. Used after antibacterial therapy to restore normal microflora of the vaginal cavity. The duration of treatment with Acylact is determined by the doctor after testing.

Neo-Penotran is available in the form of suppositories (suppositories)

Complications

Complications of imbalance of the microflora of the vaginal cavity are:

• the appearance of inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system;
• reproductive dysfunction;
• the appearance of dangerous diseases of the reproductive system (endometritis, adnexitis);
• discomfort during sex, caused by pain, burning, dryness;
• the appearance of copious discharge.

Disease prevention

Imbalance in the female body can be prevented by following the rules:

• regular visits to a gynecologist. Timely testing allows you to prevent serious disorders of the female body;
• use of intimate hygiene products. Depending on the age of the woman, a certain preparation is used for daily toilet. It must have a suitable pH level and contain lactobacilli;
• compliance with the rules of hygiene during menstruation. Tampons and sanitary pads are changed every 3 hours. During this time, pathogenic microorganisms do not have time to multiply on their surface. Panty liners are changed after 4 hours. It is not advisable to use them regularly;
• balanced diet. You should limit the consumption of foods containing preservatives, refined fat, and sugar. Fermented milk products, fruits, vegetables, properly cooked meat and fish have a positive effect on the female body;
• hygiene of the intimate area. When washing intimate places, move towards the anus;
• the right underwear. Panties should be comfortable and made from natural fabrics;
• sexual culture. Having one partner excludes sexually transmitted infections;
• controlled use of antibiotics. Treatment with antibacterial agents is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Self-prescribing medications is prohibited.

Dysbacteriosis is a disease that is widely found in women. His treatment is comprehensive, exclusively under the supervision of a gynecologist. Awareness of the problem and implementation of specialists’ recommendations produces a positive effect. The unpleasant symptoms of the disease disappear, the woman becomes healthy and happy.

Specialization: infrared coagulation of hemorrhoids; sclerotherapy; ligation of hemorrhoids with latex rings. Education: diploma in “Pediatrics”, Omsk State Medical Academy (1995) Residency in the specialty…

Symptoms of the disease - disorders of the vaginal microflora

Violations and their causes by category:

Violations and their causes in alphabetical order:

violation of the vaginal microflora -

Vaginal dysbiosis is a disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina. Most women suffer from this disease to one degree or another. Most often, its manifestations are minor, but sometimes vaginal dysbiosis leads to very serious problems.

Let’s immediately say a few words about the different terms that are used to refer to this disease.
Vaginal dysbiosis, or dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis) of the vagina, is the most accurate term; it is precisely translated as a violation of the vaginal microflora. However, it is used relatively rarely.

More often, to define the disease, they resort to the name “bacterial vaginosis”; this term means the same thing. However, the term “bacterial vaginosis” is used by many doctors to refer to gardnerellosis, a special case of vaginal dysbiosis. Therefore, when using this term it is not always possible to be sure what exactly is meant.

Most often, any manifestation of a violation of the vaginal microflora is called “candidiasis” or “thrush”. This is not entirely justified. Candidiasis, or thrush, is the name of only one type of vaginal microflora disorder - the predominance of fungi of the genus Candida. And this does not happen very often. However, traditionally, women, and many doctors, call any vaginal discharge “thrush” without really understanding their nature.

What diseases cause disruption of the vaginal microflora:

There are many reasons why vaginal microflora is disrupted. Almost any impact on a woman’s body can lead to disruption of the microflora. Let's list just a few factors.

1. Hypothermia of the body. Both one-time severe hypothermia and constant freezing. All this leads to a decrease in general and local immunity, which also affects the vaginal microflora.
2. Changes and disturbances in hormonal levels. This may include irregular sex life, pregnancy, childbirth, abortion, any type of cycle disorders, puberty, premenopause and menopause, etc.
3. Change of climate zone. I have heard more than once about exacerbations of vaginal dysbiosis during trips to warm countries.
4. Stress, both one-time severe stress and a chronic stressful situation.
Promiscuous sex life, a large number of sexual partners, neglect of contraception.
5. Any infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.
6. Sexually transmitted infections.
7. Treatment with antibiotics, especially long-term or repeated.
8. Intestinal diseases, chronic stool problems, intestinal dysbiosis. The microflora of the vagina is very closely related to the microflora of the intestines, this will be discussed later.
9. Incorrect use of tampons during menstruation. Few women know that tampons should be changed strictly every 2 hours, day and night. This is quite inconvenient, but otherwise good conditions are created in the vagina for infection to grow. When using gaskets such problems do not arise.

Of course, all these factors do not always lead to disruption of the vaginal microflora. The immune system maintains normal microflora and helps it recover in case of minor disruption. However, there are so many of these factors, they occur so often that in most cases, a woman still develops vaginal dysbiosis.

Symptoms of vaginal microflora disorders

What is the essence of the violation of the vaginal microflora? Normally, a woman’s vagina is inhabited by the so-called normal microflora. It consists of approximately 90% lactobacilli (the so-called Döderlein rods), slightly less than 10% bifidobacteria, and less than 1% are the so-called “clue cells of the vagina.” These include gardnerella, mobiluncus, Candida fungi, leptothrix and some other bacteria.

The normal microflora of the vagina is in constant balance with each other and with the environment. It does not allow the appearance of any other infection, and does not allow a change in the ratio of pathogens living in the vagina normally.

This whole picture is actively supported by the immune system of the vaginal wall. The immune system has no effect on the natural inhabitants of the vagina, but behaves aggressively towards any other infection. It is the immune system that helps restore normal vaginal microflora in case of minor disturbances. But she does not always cope with this task.

When the vaginal microflora is disturbed, the balance between bacteria that are normal inhabitants of the vagina changes. At the same time, the number of lacto- and bifidobacteria decreases and the number of some other pathogen increases. This other pathogen may be one of the key cells (then gardnerellosis, candidiasis, etc. develop), it may be one of the sexually transmitted infections (trichomoniasis, chlamydia), or it may be any saprophytic pathogen (Escherichia coli, Proteus, streptococci, staphylococci etc.).

If the normal inhabitants of the vagina never behave aggressively towards the walls of the vagina, then any of the bacteria that led to the development of dysbiosis can cause inflammation of the vagina - vaginitis. When this happens depends on the quantity and pathogenicity of the pathogen on the one hand and the strength of the immune system of the vaginal wall on the other. As a rule, at first the immune system copes and does not allow either the progression of the disease or the development of its complications. But in the absence of proper treatment, the development of inflammation in such a situation is inevitable.

Pregnancy and vaginal microflora disorders

Pregnancy is one of the factors that can provoke an exacerbation of vaginal dysbiosis. During pregnancy, discharge, itching or burning in the genitals, pain during intercourse, etc. may appear or intensify. This is due to the fact that during pregnancy a woman’s body undergoes serious hormonal changes, which cannot but affect both the immune system and the vaginal microflora.

Complete treatment of vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy is not possible. Even if this treatment is not associated with taking antibiotics, which is extremely undesirable during pregnancy, it is always associated with immunocorrection, and this is completely unacceptable during pregnancy. Therefore, the doctor’s task during an exacerbation of vaginal dysbiosis in a pregnant woman is only to eliminate the symptoms and prepare the woman for childbirth.

In our clinic, for this purpose, a course of procedures is carried out that, if not normalize the situation, then make it more tolerable. Local treatment carried out in this case is completely harmless to the fetus. If necessary, this treatment can be carried out repeatedly throughout pregnancy.

Intestinal diseases and vaginal microflora disorders

Many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract lead to disruption of the normal intestinal microflora and the development of dysbacteriosis. With intestinal dysbiosis, approximately the same thing happens as with vaginal dysbiosis - a large number of some bacteria live in the intestines.

The wall of the rectum is in close contact with the wall of the vagina, bacteria easily pass through it. In cases of severe intestinal dysbiosis, a violation of the vaginal microflora is always caused by this, and as a rule, one of the intestinal infections is sown from the vagina - Escherichia coli, enterococci, etc.

Treatment of disorders of the vaginal microflora in such a situation is extremely difficult, and the likelihood of relapse of the disease is very high. Restoring normal vaginal microflora in such a situation is possible only with simultaneous treatment of intestinal diseases. As a rule, the most problems arise in the treatment of such patients.

Disturbance of vaginal microflora and sexual partner

Most often, a violation of the vaginal microflora in a woman does not cause any problems for her sexual partner, even with regular sexual activity without the use of contraception. In some cases, when there is severe vaginal dysbiosis, a man may develop the phenomena of balanoposthitis and nonspecific urethritis. But this usually only happens if the man already had a predisposition to these diseases; they will not develop in a completely healthy body.
No disease of the sexual partner, with the exception of sexually transmitted diseases, has an effect on the vaginal microflora in a woman. Treatment of vaginal dysbiosis in women does not require mandatory treatment of the sexual partner, unless at least one of them is diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection.

Development of vaginal microflora disorders

Initially, a violation of the vaginal microflora does not manifest itself in anything special. As a rule, the nature of vaginal discharge changes slightly, but rarely does anyone pay attention to this.
Normally, a woman should either not have any vaginal discharge, or there may be a small amount of clear discharge without an unpleasant odor. In this case, there should be no cutting, burning, itching, pain in the genital area, or discomfort or dryness during sexual intercourse.
With the development of vaginal dysbiosis, the amount of discharge usually increases, it becomes whitish-yellowish in color, and an unpleasant odor appears. Vaginal dysbiosis itself does not manifest any other symptoms; all other symptoms are associated with its complications.

Violation of the vaginal microflora of girls

Disorders of the vaginal microflora occur in girls who have not begun sexual activity with approximately the same frequency as in women who are sexually active. This is due to several other factors - hormonal instability, the formation of a cycle, as well as the anatomical features of the structure of the hymen.

Vaginal dysbiosis in girls rarely manifests itself as heavy discharge, since the openings of the hymen, as a rule, do not allow them to be removed from the vagina in the quantity in which they are formed. Therefore, stagnation of vaginal discharge develops, and the likelihood of developing inflammatory diseases in virgins is higher. On the other hand, when sexual activity begins with the first sexual intercourse, a large number of bacteria are thrown from the vagina into the bladder, and this can lead to the so-called “honeymoon cystitis”.

Treatment of vaginal dysbiosis in virgin girls is somewhat difficult due to the fact that the structure of the hymen does not always allow for proper treatment of the vagina with medications. In some cases, it is even necessary to resort to artificial violation of the integrity of the hymen - hymenectomy.

Vaginal microflora disorders and sexually transmitted infections

Sexual infections are always associated with a violation of the vaginal microflora. On the one hand, normal microflora will not allow the development of a sexually transmitted infection in a woman, and if a sexually transmitted infection is detected, the microflora cannot but be disturbed. On the other hand, the appearance of an STD pathogen in the vagina shifts the pH, causes an inflammatory reaction and further contributes to the progression of microflora disorders.

A situation in which only one STD pathogen lives in a woman’s vagina almost never arises. Sexually transmitted infections, one or more, are always in association with opportunistic microflora. And this should always be taken into account when treating STDs. Otherwise, a situation may arise in which antibiotics completely kill the STD pathogen, and the number of opportunistic infections only increases.

Treatment of STDs in women must necessarily end with the restoration of the vaginal microflora. If we are talking about serious infections (chlamydia, trichomonas) or several STDs, then it first makes sense to carry out antibacterial therapy against them, and then begin to restore the vaginal microflora in the next course. In less complex situations, it makes sense to first carry out a comprehensive diagnosis of the entire urogenital microflora, and then restore it while simultaneously eliminating sexually transmitted infections.

Which doctors should you contact if there is a violation of the vaginal microflora:

Have you noticed a violation of the vaginal microflora? Do you want to know more detailed information or do you need an inspection? You can make an appointment with a doctor– clinic Eurolab always at your service! The best doctors will examine you, study external signs and help you identify the disease by symptoms, advise you and provide the necessary assistance. you also can call a doctor at home. Clinic Eurolab open for you around the clock.

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Is your vaginal microflora disturbed? It is necessary to take a very careful approach to your overall health. People don't pay enough attention symptoms of diseases and do not realize that these diseases can be life-threatening. There are many diseases that at first do not manifest themselves in our body, but in the end it turns out that, unfortunately, it is too late to treat them. Each disease has its own specific signs, characteristic external manifestations - the so-called symptoms of the disease. Identifying symptoms is the first step in diagnosing diseases in general. To do this, you just need to do it several times a year. be examined by a doctor, in order not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in the body and the organism as a whole.

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Vaginal dysbiosis This is a violation of normal microflora. The disease often affects women and is expressed to varying degrees. Sometimes it can lead to serious problems and inconveniences. Disturbance of the microflora in the vagina can be caused by external or internal reasons. This is often due to a seasonal decrease in immunity, neglect of personal hygiene, or a change in climate zone. Swimming in the pool, infections and other external factors have a negative impact on the microflora. Stress, especially chronic stress, can cause vaginal dysbiosis. Of course, these factors do not always affect the body. If it is weakened, especially by chronic diseases, the disease will manifest itself much more often.

Disturbance of vaginal microflora

Let's find out more about vaginal microflora disorders. There can actually be quite a lot of reasons. Here are some factors that may influence this process:

Hypothermia of the body;

hormonal imbalances;

time zone change;

sexually transmitted infections;

antibiotic treatment;

improper use of tampons;

intestinal diseases;

infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

The immune system maintains normal microflora, and helps microflora recover in case of minor disturbances. However, if there are many irritating factors and they occur frequently, in most cases vaginal dysbiosis may occur.

Symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis

Normally, normal microflora develops in the vagina. It consists of approximately 90% lactobacilli (the so-called Dederlein rods), slightly less than 10% bifidobacteria, and less than 1% are gardnerella cells, mobiluncus, Candida fungi, leptothrix and some other bacteria. During normal operation, the microflora remains in balance, preventing the occurrence of infection and changes in the ratio of pathogens living in the vagina.

Immunity has no effect on the natural inhabitants of the vagina, but behaves aggressively towards any other infection. It is the immune system that helps restore normal vaginal microflora in case of minor disturbances. But sometimes the immune system is not able to cope with this task.

When the vaginal microflora is disturbed, the balance between bacteria changes, the number of lacto- and bifidobacteria decreases and the number of some other pathogen increases. This pathogen can be one of the key cells (gardnerellosis, candidiasis develops), one of the sexually transmitted infections (trichomoniasis, chlamydia), or it can be any saprophytic pathogen (Escherichia coli, Proteus, streptococci, staphylococci).

Bacteria that lead to the development of dysbiosis can cause inflammation of the vagina - vaginitis When this happens depends on the quantity and pathogenicity of the pathogen on the one hand and the strength of the immune system of the vaginal wall on the other. As a rule, at first the immune system copes and does not allow either the progression of the disease or the development of its complications. Without treatment, the development of inflammation is inevitable.

Disturbance of vaginal microflora during pregnancy

Pregnancy may be a catalyst for the development of vaginal dysbiosis. The following symptoms may appear or worsen:

Discharge;

itching or burning of the genitals;

pain during sexual intercourse.

This is due to the fact that during pregnancy a woman’s body undergoes serious hormonal changes, which cannot but affect both the immune system and the vaginal microflora. Treatment of vaginal dysbiosis during pregnancy is not possible, since it is associated with the use of antibiotics. Therefore, the doctor’s task during an exacerbation of vaginal dysbiosis in a pregnant woman is only to eliminate the symptoms and prepare the woman for childbirth.

Development of vaginal microflora disorders

Initially, a violation of the vaginal microflora does not manifest itself in anything special. As a rule, the nature of vaginal discharge changes slightly. Normally, a woman should either not have any vaginal discharge, or there may be a small amount of clear discharge without an unpleasant odor. In this case, there should be no cutting, burning, itching, pain in the genital area, or discomfort or dryness during sexual intercourse. With the development of vaginal dysbiosis, the following signs are observed:

The amount of discharge increases;

acquire a whitish-yellow color;

an unpleasant odor appears.

Disturbance of the vaginal microflora in a woman does not cause discomfort in her sexual partner, even with regular sexual activity without the use of contraception. In some cases, when there is severe vaginal dysbiosis, a man may develop the phenomena of balanoposthitis and nonspecific urethritis. Treatment of the disease does not require mandatory treatment of the sexual partner, unless at least one of them is diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection.

Violation of the vaginal microflora occurs in girls who have not begun sexual activity with the same frequency as in women who are sexually active. The disease is associated with several other factors, namely:

Hormonal instability;

formation of the cycle;

anatomical features of the structure of the hymen.

Dysbiosis rarely manifests itself as heavy discharge, since the openings of the hymen, as a rule, do not allow them to be removed from the vagina in the quantities in which they are formed: the likelihood of developing inflammatory diseases higher for virgins.

Vaginal microflora disorders and sexually transmitted infections

Sexual infections may be associated with a violation of the vaginal microflora. The appearance of an STD pathogen in the vagina shifts the pH, causes an inflammatory reaction and further contributes to the progression of microflora disorders. Opportunistic microflora is taken into account in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections, since antibiotics can kill the STD pathogen, and the number of opportunistic infections will increase.

Treatment of STDs should end with a course of microflora restoration. It is possible to first carry out antibacterial therapy, and then begin to restore the vaginal microflora. It makes sense to first carry out a comprehensive diagnosis of the entire urogenital microflora.

every woman needs at least twice a year. In a woman’s life, situations often arise when good advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist, an answer to a question, or a consultation are needed. But even if a woman has no complaints, it must be borne in mind that recently the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted infections and gynecological tumors, has become very common. Even pathological vaginal discharge does not always occur with such diseases. Without tests, it is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. With the hidden course of female diseases, there is no abdominal pain, bleeding, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Therefore, every woman needs preventive gynecological examinations and basic tests (general blood test, urine test, smear for flora and cytology), the results of which allow us to identify the presence of hidden asymptomatic gynecological diseases and infections in the early stages. The number of preventive gynecological examinations depends on previous diseases and other factors.

When you need good advice from a doctor, you can come for a consultation with a gynecologist at our gynecological clinic, ask the doctor questions about your health, undergo an initial gynecological examination and, if necessary, further examination and treatment.

Consultation with a gynecologist for early diagnosis of pregnancy

A consultation with a gynecologist and a gynecological examination are also necessary for early diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like vaginal discharge is possible, and pregnancy tests may be falsely negative. For an accurate early diagnosis of pregnancy, a consultation with a gynecologist, pelvic ultrasound and determination of the hCG level in a blood test are necessary.

A good gynecologist is, first of all, a good diagnostician. Diagnosis of gynecological diseases is based on experience and knowledge. During the initial gynecological examination, the gynecologist will determine whether there is a need for more detailed diagnostics and consultations with other doctors. According to your indications, you will receive all the necessary treatment recommendations and referrals for tests. This will allow you to dispel many fears and doubts, notice unfavorable changes in women’s health in time, take measures to correct them, and begin treatment on time.

A woman is sometimes scared or ashamed to come to a consultation with a gynecologist and a gynecological examination. She is frightened by the examination procedure, and even by the sight of the gynecological chair. However, it is advisable for even a healthy woman to visit a gynecological clinic twice a year. The main task of an obstetrician-gynecologist at a gynecological clinic is to preserve the health of a woman, which is only possible through the prevention of gynecological diseases and their timely detection in the initial stages. At an appointment with a gynecologist in our gynecological clinic, you will forget about the fear of a gynecological examination. The polite staff of the clinic does everything possible to quickly and efficiently provide you with the necessary medical services.

Features of gynecologist consultation. Gynecological examination

Every healthy woman should undergo a gynecological examination twice a year to maintain her health, prevent and identify gynecological diseases in the early stages. To avoid the development of sexually transmitted diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological tumors, it is better not to postpone a visit to the doctor, but to come for a preventive examination and consultation with a gynecologist.

The gynecologist must know the individual characteristics of your body, all the gynecological diseases that you have suffered. Communication with a gynecologist at an appointment should be easy and confidential. Every woman should have her own obstetrician-gynecologist.

It is advisable to come to a gynecologist’s consultation for the first time at the age of 15-16 years, especially if the girl has not yet started her menstrual cycle. It is also necessary to come to an appointment with a gynecologist if a woman has already begun or plans to begin sexual activity. Gynecologists advise not only to undergo a preventive gynecological examination twice a year, but also to undergo basic tests, especially when a new sexual partner appears, to do colposcopy and gynecological ultrasound, because the asymptomatic (hidden) course of gynecological diseases is very common and difficult to diagnose. Many gynecological diseases, if not treated promptly, can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Stages of consultation with a gynecologist and gynecological examination

Questions for a gynecologist

You can come for a consultation with a gynecologist and a preventive gynecological examination if you have no complaints or already have certain complaints. A consultation with a gynecologist begins with a conversation. First, the gynecologist asks questions and fills out a medical record. By asking questions, the gynecologist will find out what problem the woman came to the doctor’s office with. It is important for a gynecologist to know what diseases a woman has had throughout her life, which will tell him about her predisposition to certain diseases. Some questions may seem too intimate or unnecessary, but they must be answered absolutely honestly. Answer all the gynecologist's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because the state of your health depends on it.

External gynecological examination

A consultation with a gynecologist may include procedures such as measuring blood pressure, determining weight, and examining the mammary glands. After which the gynecologist proceeds to a gynecological examination of the female genital organs. To do this, the woman needs to lie down in a special gynecological chair. The gynecologist conducts an external examination to identify possible discharge, irritation, rashes, condylomas, gynecological tumors and other pathological changes in the external female genitalia. Having completed the external gynecological examination, the gynecologist proceeds to the internal gynecological examination.

Internal gynecological examination

During an internal gynecological examination, an obstetrician-gynecologist inserts disposable plastic speculum into the vagina to examine the cervix. The gynecologist also evaluates the presence of discharge and other pathological processes. After removing the speculum from the vagina, the gynecologist performs a vaginal examination. The gynecologist inserts the fingers of one hand, dressed in sterile disposable gloves, into the vagina. The gynecologist places his other hand on the anterior abdominal wall. Thus, the doctor notes the size, shape, position, mobility, pain of the uterus and appendages, and draws attention to the presence of pathological space-occupying formations in the pelvis. If you experience pain when palpating, you should immediately inform your gynecologist, as this may be a sign of an inflammatory or other gynecological disease. Sometimes a gynecologist can perform a rectal examination (for example, when examining virgins) when the data from other examinations is insufficient.

Taking a smear for flora during an internal gynecological examination

A mandatory stage of a preventive gynecological examination should be taking a smear. A bacteriological study is a study of a smear of gynecological discharge. The number of leukocytes is counted in the smear and pathogens are looked for. More than 10 leukocytes in the field of view may indicate the presence of a sexually transmitted infection or inflammation of the female genital organs. Based on the results of the smear, fungi (candidiasis), “key cells” (bacterial vaginosis), changes in the normal flora in the discharge due to vaginal dysbiosis can be detected. The gynecologist prescribes culture of discharge and PCR diagnostics of discharge to clarify the causative agent of the infectious process if a smear shows the presence of infection, but does not identify its causative agent.

Taking a smear for cytology during an internal gynecological examination

Cytological examination (cytology) is a mandatory stage in the early diagnosis of cervical diseases and a mandatory analysis carried out before its treatment. Even if nothing bothers the woman and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye, the woman should regularly (every year) undergo a cytological examination of cervical scrapings. The gynecologist takes a scraping during an internal gynecological examination. The scraping is taken with slight pressure, while the deeper layers of cells are scraped off. This is a painless procedure. This is done because the malignant process begins from the lower layers of the cervical epithelium and progresses to the surface of the mucous membrane. Therefore, if only the superficial layer is included in the analysis, a diagnosis can only be made when the disease is already at a late stage of development.

Colposcopy

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix under a special microscope - a colcoscope. The gynecologist uses colposcopy during an internal gynecological examination in order not to miss the initial signs of a malignant tumor, if nothing bothers the patient and the cervix seems unchanged to the naked eye.

Colposcopy has enormous diagnostic value in cases of suspected cervical cancer, for diagnostics erosions cervix, dysplasia, leukoplakia. Only extended colposcopy can help make an accurate diagnosis of cervical disease in the early stages and determine its malignancy.

Extended colposcopy is an examination of the cervix after treatment with a 3% acetic acid solution. The action of acetic acid lasts about 4 minutes. After studying the collopscopic picture of the cervix treated with acetic acid, the gynecologist performs the Schiller test - smearing the cervix with a cotton swab moistened with 3% Lugol's solution. The iodine contained in the solution stains glycogen in the cells of healthy, unchanged squamous epithelium of the cervix dark brown. Thinning cells (atrophic age-related changes), as well as pathologically altered cells in various dysplasias of the cervical epithelium (precancerous conditions) are poor in glycogen and are not stained with iodine solution. Thus, a gynecologist during colposcopy identifies areas of pathologically altered epithelium and, if necessary, marks areas for cervical biopsy.

Ultrasound of the pelvis and fetus

In gynecology, pelvic ultrasound complements the gynecological examination and is used very widely, because with its help, with a high degree of reliability, you can examine the pelvic organs and monitor the development of pregnancy (fetus). Pelvic ultrasound is an examination method that allows a gynecologist to get an idea of ​​all the pelvic organs, including the uterus and ovaries, which is of great importance in the diagnosis of gynecological tumors and inflammation of the female genital organs, and abnormalities of the uterus.

A pelvic ultrasound makes it possible to determine the causes of pathological discharge, uterine bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen and menstrual irregularities that are not visible during a routine gynecological examination.

Ultrasound allows you to determine the presence of pregnancy and fetal abnormalities. Ultrasound also plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and is necessarily performed before the abortion procedure to confirm the presence of a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity.

Consultation with a gynecologist based on the results of a gynecological examination and tests

To make a diagnosis, a gynecologist compares the results of a gynecological examination with data from anamnesis (the history of the woman’s life and illness), gynecological tests, complaints and the results of other examinations. Therefore, in order to make a diagnosis or ensure the absence of gynecological diseases, a woman needs at least two consultations with a gynecologist.

At the first consultation, the gynecologist performs the gynecological examination described above, colposcopy, pelvic ultrasound and collects material for gynecological tests. If a woman has complaints and symptoms of gynecological diseases, the gynecologist, during the first consultation, recommends to the woman what tests (except smears) she needs to undergo and prescribes symptomatic treatment to reduce the symptoms of the disease (pain in the lower abdomen, bleeding, itching, etc.).

A woman can take many tests during her first gynecological examination, but to take some tests she needs to come to the gynecologist again for fence material for analysis on a certain day of the menstrual cycle, after the necessary preparation or on an empty stomach.

At a follow-up appointment, the gynecologist advises the woman on the results of smears and other tests, if they were taken during the first gynecological examination. Test results may indicate the presence of a gynecological disease in the absence of symptoms, confirm a preliminary diagnosis made during the first examination, or indicate the need for further examination to make a diagnosis.

A complete treatment regimen for a gynecological disease is signed by a gynecologist after diagnosis. After treatment, and sometimes during treatment, a woman needs to come for a consultation with a gynecologist and take gynecological tests again to monitor the results of treatment.

Preparing for a gynecological examination

A woman needs to visit a gynecologist’s office several times a year if she cares about her health. The most optimal period for a preventive examination by a gynecologist is after menstruation. One day before consulting a gynecologist, it is not recommended to be sexually active. It is necessary to take a shower before examining a gynecologist, but douching has a negative effect, because... the doctor needs to see the real condition of the vaginal discharge and take a swab. There is no need to shave your hair before examining a gynecologist. If a woman has taken antibiotics and other medications, then it is necessary to warn the doctor about this. Sometimes testing for infections should take place no earlier than two weeks after the end of treatment in order to get the correct results. If you have to get tested for chronic infections, it is better to do this before or immediately after your period.

A consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist and examination usually takes about 30 minutes. Try not to be nervous during the examination. Answer all the doctor's questions and do not hesitate to ask him questions, because... The state of your health depends on this.

It is necessary to come to see a gynecologist in the following situations:

Recently, the asymptomatic course of gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases, has become very common. Vaginal discharge occurs in such diseases, but more often they are the only symptom and appear periodically. Without analyzes It is difficult to distinguish them from normal discharge. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Pathological vaginal discharge is the main symptom of almost all gynecological diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases. If they appear, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist with an examination and tests for determining infections, including sexually transmitted ones.

Uterine bleeding in the middle of the cycle, increased and prolonged bleeding during menstruation. Consultation with a gynecologist with examination and Ultrasound in this case, they are necessary to determine the source of bleeding. Bleeding that occurs during pregnancy requires immediate hospitalization.

Abdominal pain. In female gynecological diseases, it is most often observed in the lower abdomen. A consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, tests and other examinations are necessary to identify the cause of the pain.

Problems with conception. Conceiving a child requires preparation. Gynecological diseases can negatively affect pregnancy and the unborn baby. Therefore, it is very important to come for a consultation and examination with a gynecologist to identify and treat them before conception.

At planning pregnancy a woman needs to come for an examination and consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist, be examined and take a test in advance tests to identify infections, including - ureaplasmosis. Planning your pregnancy and performing a gynecological examination during pregnancy allows you to avoid complications and unpleasant surprises during pregnancy.

Diagnosis of pregnancy. The first signs of pregnancy before a missed period are inaccurate and often mislead women. During pregnancy, menstrual-like discharge is possible. In order to diagnose pregnancy in a timely manner, at the slightest suspicion, you need to consult a gynecologist, do an ultrasound and a blood test for hCG.

Termination of pregnancy (medical abortion). In the event of an unwanted pregnancy, you will receive qualified advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist on how to terminate it. Medical abortion is the least traumatic for a woman.

Contraception. Every woman should, with the help of a gynecologist, choose the most suitable means of protection against unwanted pregnancy for her. This requires a consultation with a gynecologist with an examination, ultrasound, and, if necessary, hormonal studies and other tests.

Hormonal disbalance. Often the main cause of diseases of the female reproductive system is hormonal changes (hormonal imbalance). During your consultation, your gynecologist will prescribe the necessary examinations to diagnose hormonal disorders.

Menstrual irregularities. Ovarian dysfunction is most often a symptom of serious gynecological diseases. A consultation with a gynecologist and an examination is necessary to identify these diseases.

From symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ninety percent of all women are affected. Before your period a woman may experience many unpleasant and painful sensations that should not normally exist. A woman should not put up with these sensations and suffer in silence; she must come for a consultation with a gynecologist.

Tides and painful sexual intercourse are the most common symptoms of menopause. During the consultation, the gynecologist will tell the woman how to alleviate the pathological menopause. A very dangerous symptom is the appearance of bloody discharge from the genitals after menopause. When they appear, a woman should consult a gynecologist for an examination immediately.

Cervical erosion. One of the most common diseases, which may not manifest itself in any way and can only be detected during a preventive gynecological examination.

Uterine fibroids. It may also not manifest itself in any way and be detected only during a preventive gynecological examination. Asymptomatic progression can lead to severe growth of the node, bleeding and surgical intervention.

Endometrial hyperplasia often asymptomatic, but more often manifests itself as dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Often the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is made when a woman comes to see a gynecologist about infertility.

Polyps of the uterus (endometrium) and cervix(cervical canal). In recent years, polyps of the uterus and cervix have been found even in teenage girls. They do not manifest themselves in any way for a long time and over time can become malignant. For their timely detection, every woman needs a consultation with a gynecologist and a preventive examination twice a year.

Ovarian cyst. During a routine ultrasound examination, a gynecologist may detect an ovarian cyst in a woman. Some cysts may disappear on their own, but in many cases a course of hormonal treatment is required, and in some cases surgery is required to get rid of the source of the danger.

Spikes are formed when an acute inflammatory process in the female genital organs becomes chronic and the healing process extends over time. Adhesive disease is practically untreatable. Therefore, to avoid the formation of adhesions, if symptoms occur inflammation Immediately come for an appointment with a gynecologist.

Cervicitis- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix. May manifest as pathological discharge, burning, itching. If the flow is hidden, it may not manifest itself in any way. Therefore, every woman needs a preventive consultation with a gynecologist with an examination at least twice a year. The causative agents of infection are often gonococci and Trichomonas.

Thrush (or vaginal candidiasis) Caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. It often becomes chronic due to improper self-medication. To select the correct treatment and identify infections that often accompany exacerbation of thrush, which a woman may not even suspect (including sexually transmitted infections), it is necessary to consult a gynecologist for an examination.

Vaginal dysbiosis- this is a violation of the normal microflora of the vagina. This disease affects most women; it is often the result of improper self-medication. Dysbacteriosis can lead to the development of inflammatory gynecological diseases. Before prescribing medications to normalize the vaginal microflora, a consultation with a gynecologist, examination and tests is necessary.

For examination on syphilis a woman can also come for a consultation and examination with a gynecologist . Syphilis is a chronic venereal disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, many internal organs, bones and the nervous system. Recently, it has often been completely asymptomatic. The RW (Wassermann reaction) used to diagnose syphilis is often false-positive and false-negative and is very outdated.

Advantages of the Demetra Gynecological Clinic

• The consultation is conducted by highly qualified gynecologists with extensive experience.
• Considering the frequent imitation of gynecological diseases in the pathology of other organs, close cooperation is carried out between gynecologists and the therapist for the benefit of patients
• Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, incl. laboratory tests, pelvic ultrasound and pregnancy ultrasound, colposcopy
• Treatment of diseases without hospitalization (outpatient)
• Convenient location of the clinic in Kyiv: Darnitsky district, near Poznyaki metro station
• Convenient working hours by appointment only
• If you have any questions, call us, our employees will provide all the necessary information

09.02.2013 DISTURBANCE OF VAGINAL MICROFLORA: CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT

What is a violation of the vaginal microflora? Disturbance of the vaginal microflora (vaginal dysbiosis, vaginal dysbiosis) is a phenomenon associated with the functioning of the female reproductive system. Violation of vaginal microflora: symptoms, treatment depend on many factors. Such factors include the general condition of the patient, the course of concomitant diseases, diet, quality of sexual life, etc. Disturbance of the vaginal microflora is manifested by whitish discharge from the vagina. Such discharge may have different consistency, odor and abundance. Such discharge may be a normal part of the vaginal cleansing process of a healthy woman. But vaginal discharge may also indicate a pathological process, including vaginal dysbiosis.

According to statistics, a violation of the vaginal microflora occurs in every second woman. Such a disorder can occur in mature women after the onset of menopause, in middle-aged women with an established sex life, in girls before the onset of sexual activity, in girls before the onset of the menstrual cycle. Vaginal dysbiosis often goes unnoticed. A woman may not suspect a violation of the vaginal microflora for a long time. An asymptomatic course is dangerous due to its complications. It is complications in asymptomatic cases that force the patient to go to a specialized clinic.

Normally, a woman’s vagina is inhabited by normal, non-pathogenic microflora. This microflora ensures the functioning of the genital organs. The vaginal microflora consists of approximately 90% lactobacilli, 9% bifidobacteria and less than 1% other opportunistic microorganisms. Opportunistic microorganisms normally do not provoke the development of the disease, but under the influence of predisposing factors they can cause the disease. Opportunistic microorganisms cover the walls of the vagina. These include fungi of the genus Candida, Gardnerella and some other microorganisms. The body of a healthy woman controls the ratio of microorganisms in the vagina and does not allow the appearance of uncharacteristic microflora. At the same time, the immune system does not react in any way to representatives of the characteristic microflora of the vagina. If minor changes occur in the vaginal microflora, the microflora will resume on its own. This process does not affect the woman’s health in any way. Exposure to predisposing factors and disruption of the vaginal microflora reduces the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At the same time, there is an increase in the amount of opportunistic microflora, and pathogenic microorganisms also appear. Such a microorganism can be gardnerella, a fungus of the genus Candida, a sexually transmitted infection (trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, etc.), as well as another pathogen from the environment (staphylococcus, streptococcus, Proteus, E. coli, etc.). Such microorganisms, when multiplying and living, cause inflammation of the vagina. Inflammation depends on the woman’s level of immunity, the general condition of her body, the number of pathogenic microorganisms, etc. In the absence of treatment for inflammation and in the absence of therapy against pathogenic microorganisms, the disease will progress.

Symptoms of vaginal microflora disorders

Violation of the vaginal microflora, as mentioned above, is often asymptomatic. For a long time, a woman may not even be aware of a violation of the vaginal microflora. But still, a violation of the vaginal microflora provokes a number of symptoms. Thus, various types of vaginal discharge may be observed. Often women ignore this symptom or do not notice it at all. The discharge is not accompanied by dryness of the vagina and external tissues of the genital organs, or discomfort during sexual intercourse. Over time, the amount of discharge increases and such discharge acquires a characteristic odor. If other symptoms are observed, they refer to symptoms of concomitant diseases. After all, dysbacteriosis is often the cause and predisposing factor to the development of sexually transmitted diseases, erosion processes, inflammatory processes, tumor growth, etc.

Complications of microflora disturbances include: inflammation of the vaginal walls (vaginitis), inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis). These complications occur most often. Symptoms of inflammation include an increase in vaginal discharge, the appearance of unpleasant sensations when urinating, the appearance of unpleasant sensations in the perineal area (itching, burning, pain, stinging, etc.), pain during sexual intercourse or after sexual intercourse, and other symptoms. Pain during sexual intercourse occurs due to vaginal dryness and insufficient secretion. Long-term infection can spread to all internal genital organs. This can cause inflammation of the uterus (endometriosis), inflammation of the uterine appendages (adnexitis). Infection and pathogenic bacteria can enter the urethra. Penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the urethra provokes the development of cystitis and urethritis.

There are many reasons for the development of vaginal microflora disorders. Violation of vaginal microflora: symptoms, causes, treatment - every woman needs to avoid predisposing factors. It is better to prevent the development of a disease than to treat its consequences.

Violation of vaginal microflora - causes:

Local or general hypothermia. Hypothermia causes a decrease in immunity and is reflected in the ratio of microorganisms in the vagina.

Hormonal imbalances. Hormonal imbalances occur with irregular sexual activity, menstrual irregularities, puberty, pregnancy, after childbirth, abortion, with the onset of menopause, etc. A sharp change in hormonal levels is reflected in the condition of the genital organs.

Change of climate zone. A change in climate zone or a sharp change in climate provokes an exacerbation of dysbacteriosis.

Sexual infections. Sexual infections can be both a cause and a consequence of disturbances in the vaginal microflora.

Inflammatory process of the pelvic organs. The inflammatory process of the pelvic organs provokes the occurrence of specific symptoms, and the cause of inflammation can be an imbalance of microorganisms in the vagina.

Taking antibiotics. Long-term use of antibiotics disrupts the vaginal microflora and destroys not only harmful microorganisms, but also beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, with long-term use of antibiotics, it is necessary to colonize beneficial microorganisms in the vagina (which should be done by an experienced gynecologist).

Failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene or sexual hygiene. Failure to maintain hygiene can cause the introduction of pathogenic microflora into the vagina.

Intestinal disease (intestinal dysbiosis). The intestinal microflora is associated with the vaginal microflora. Therefore, the presence of one of them causes a violation of the other.

Poor hygiene during menstruation. Poor menstrual hygiene involves the improper use of tampons and pads during menstruation. It is recommended to replace menstrual hygiene products every two hours. If you ignore the recommendations, then favorable conditions are created for the proliferation of opportunistic vaginal microflora, as well as for the development of inflammation.

The above factors do not always lead to disruption of the vaginal microflora. After all, a woman’s immune system is able to control and regulate the vaginal microflora if it changes. But still, it is better to avoid predisposing factors.

Violation of vaginal microflora - treatment

Treatment of vaginal microflora disorders is based on the results of preliminary diagnostics. For diagnostic purposes, the following tests are carried out: flora smear, PCR test, culture of vaginal discharge with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics. A flora smear allows you to determine the state of the vaginal microflora and identify inflammation. The PCR test allows you to determine the type of microorganism that caused the microflora disturbance. Bacterial culture also allows one to identify the pathogen and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics. In parallel with laboratory tests, an ultrasound examination of the pelvis and calposcopy are performed. Ultrasound examination of the pelvis allows you to assess the condition of the genital organs, their shape, the presence of tumors, etc. Cytoscopy allows you to assess the condition of the vaginal walls and identify uncharacteristic changes in the epithelial cover of the vagina. High-quality diagnostics are simply necessary. After all, 90% of treatment depends on the results of the diagnosis.

Treatment of vaginal microflora disorders includes:

Suppression of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. If a violation of the vaginal microflora is associated with a sexually transmitted infection, then treatment is aimed at the complete destruction of such an infection. In this case, treatment includes a course of antibiotics. But if genital infections are not caused by a violation of the vaginal microflora, antibiotics are not prescribed. Sometimes a short course of antibiotics is prescribed. Local procedures are considered very effective in treating vaginal microflora disorders. This is how special tampons, suppositories, creams, ointments, special baths, etc. are prescribed. Such drugs combine all the objectives of treatment: suppression of pathogenic microflora, restoration of normal vaginal microflora, correction of immunity. It is worth noting that in the treatment of vaginal microflora, the use of antiseptics is much more effective than the use of antibiotics. The effectiveness of antiseptics is explained by the broad action and immunity of bacteria to antiseptics.

Restoration of normal microflora. In order to restore the vaginal microflora, special vaginal preparations are used. Such drugs allow you to populate the vagina with useful and necessary microorganisms, as well as restore the vaginal walls.

Restoring the immune system of the vagina. Restoring the immunity of the vaginal wall will help maintain the normal composition of the vaginal microflora. For this purpose, various systemic and local drugs are used. It is not recommended to restore immunity on your own. Drugs that correct immunity have contraindications for use and specific application. Advanced forms of the disease require a serious approach to treatment. Immunostimulants are often combined with antibiotics. This treatment takes on average several weeks (2-4 weeks). It is worth noting that when treating vaginal microflora disorders, it is recommended to conduct a study of the health status and sexual partner of the sick woman. After completion of treatment, control studies are carried out. Control studies make it possible to confirm the quality of treatment and confirm the elimination of predisposing factors to relapse of vaginal dysbiosis.

You can prevent disruption of the vaginal microflora by following the rules of prevention. For the purpose of prevention, all women are recommended to visit the office of a gynecologist-endocrinologist at least 1-2 times a year. So, when visiting a specialist, you should report changes in the body, previous diseases, bad habits, etc. This information allows you to timely assess changes in the state of the vaginal microflora. If the gynecologist detects the influence of predisposing factors, he prescribes a number of necessary studies. Also, measures to prevent violations of the vaginal microflora include: timely treatment of sexually transmitted infections; timely treatment of acute diseases; proper nutrition; rejection of bad habits; use of mechanical contraceptives; having one sexual partner, etc.

Experienced doctors, including a gynecologist-endocrinologist, practice at the Hippocrates clinic. With us you can undergo the necessary examinations, as well as undergo treatment of gynecological diseases using modern methods. Our specialists accept appointments by appointment. You can make an appointment at any time by phone. Take care of your health.