Residual effects of ARVI code according to ICD. Pregnancy and acute respiratory diseases (acute respiratory infections, influenza)

Acute respiratory viral infections(ARVI) is a group of acute infectious diseases caused by viruses and characterized by damage to various parts of the respiratory tract. ARVI is the most common acute infectious pathology. In most cases, acute respiratory viral infections have a similar clinical picture, consisting of symptoms of general intoxication and respiratory syndrome. The principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the spread of infection are common to all acute respiratory viral infections (with the exception of influenza, which has distinctive features of epidemiology and prevention).

Code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10:

Reasons

Epidemiology. ARVI - typical anthroponoses. The source of infection is a patient, or less often a carrier. The main transmission mechanism is airborne, with the predominant route of spread being droplets. The pathogens of ARVI are relatively stable in the external environment (primarily in droplets of sputum and mucus), and therefore can spread by contact. Most ARVIs do not have a clear seasonality, although the incidence is higher in the cold season. The only exception is influenza, epidemics or seasonal increases in incidence of which are recorded from October to May.

Anamnesis. Indication of contact with a patient with ARVI. An indication of the so-called “cold factor” or an episode of hypothermia one day before the development of the main symptoms of the disease. To date, there is no satisfactory pathogenetic justification for this phenomenon, although the connection between the fact of hypothermia and the development of ARVI is beyond doubt. Perhaps exposure to cold contributes to disturbances in microbiocenosis (activation of opportunistic bacterial microflora of the upper respiratory tract, reactivation of latent and chronic viral infection, etc.).

Symptoms (signs)

Clinical picture

General intoxication syndrome: astheno-vegetative disorders (headache, weakness, anorexia, less often vomiting) and fever. The duration of the general intoxication syndrome during ARVI most often does not exceed 5 days. Fever that persists for more than 5-7 days is often associated with the addition of secondary bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis).

Catarrhal syndrome: hyperemia of the tissues of the pharynx, rhinitis, hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eye and eyelids, incl. with symptoms of conjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever due to adenovirus infection), catarrhal tonsillitis (tonsillitis with overlays, which is typical only for adenovirus infection).

Respiratory syndrome.. Laryngitis... Rough “barking” cough... Hoarseness, hoarseness of voice (dysphonia)... Possible development of upper respiratory tract obstruction (croup or stenosing laryngotracheitis): shortness of breath, predominantly inspiratory; the severity of the patient's condition in such cases is determined by the severity of respiratory failure.. Tracheitis... Frequent "nasty" cough, often accompanied by chest pain... Tracheitis (laryngotracheitis) is characteristic of the two most common acute respiratory viral infections - influenza and parainfluenza. Typical tracheitis, accompanied by a syndrome of general intoxication, makes it possible to diagnose influenza with a high degree of reliability. Moderate intoxication in combination with laryngotracheitis during the inter-epidemic period for influenza is usually associated with parainfluenza infection.. Bronchitis... Dry or wet cough... Auscultation: hard breathing, dry or moist scattered wheezing... Possible development of lower respiratory obstruction ways (obstructive bronchitis, bronchiolitis): expiratory shortness of breath, tachypnea, noisy, wheezing, auscultation - dry whistling and moist rales of various sizes, with percussion - a boxy tone of sound. The severity of the patient's condition is determined by the severity of respiratory failure.

Lymphoproliferative syndrome is characterized by moderate enlargement of the lymph nodes (cervical, paratracheal, bronchial, rarely other groups), liver and spleen. Characteristic of adenoviral infection.

Hemorrhagic (thrombohemorrhagic) syndrome is caused mainly by damage to the vascular wall and is manifested by increased bleeding (bleeding from the mucous membranes), hemorrhagic (petechial) rash on the skin. Develops only with influenza.

Diagnostics

Laboratory research

Virological research. Immunofluorescence method - detection of viral Ags in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa using specific antibodies. Detection of serum antibodies to pathogen Ags: serological studies using special diagnostics in various reactions (RPGA, RNGA, ELISA, etc.). The fact that the AT titer increases by 4 times has diagnostic significance.

Complications. Bacterial pneumonia. Purulent otitis, sinusitis. Activation of chronic foci of bacterial infections.

Treatment

Treatment. Etiotropic therapy has been developed for influenza (rimantadine, oseltamivir, anti-influenza immunoglobulin) and RSV infection (ribavarin). Antibacterial therapy is indicated for the development of bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, lymphadenitis). The antibiotic is selected taking into account the sensitivity of the isolated microflora. Symptomatic therapy.. To relieve hyperthermic syndrome, paracetamol and ibuprofen are used.. If there is difficulty in nasal breathing (rhinitis), vasoconstrictor drugs are prescribed locally (xylometazoline, naphazoline).. For bronchial obstruction syndrome, bronchodilators are indicated (aminophylline and b-adrenergic agonists).

Prevention. The period of isolation for a patient with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is 7 days. If illnesses occur in children's groups, contacts are monitored for 7 days. For the prevention of influenza, contact older children may be prescribed rimantadine 25 mg 2 times a day for 2-3 days. The premises require daily wet cleaning and ventilation 2-3 times a day. During a flu epidemic or during an outbreak of acute respiratory viral infection in a children's institution, IFN is instilled into the nose for prophylactic purposes, 5 drops 3 times a day. Active immunization against influenza is carried out with inactivated or live vaccines, which are produced annually from virus strains recommended by WHO. All vaccines provide short-term type-specific immunity, which requires annual vaccination.

ICD-10. J00 Acute nasopharyngitis [runny nose]. J02 Acute pharyngitis. J03 Acute tonsillitis [tonsillitis]. J06 Acute upper respiratory tract infections of multiple and unspecified localization. J10 Influenza caused by an identified influenza virus. J11 Influenza, virus not identified. J12 Viral pneumonia, not elsewhere classified. J20 Acute bronchitis. J21 Acute bronchiolitis. J22 Acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract, unspecified.

Acute respiratory diseases (ARI) are a group of diseases characterized by damage to various parts of the respiratory tract, a short incubation period, short-term fever and intoxication. Acute respiratory diseases include both acute respiratory viral infections and diseases caused by bacteria.

SYNONYMS

Acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, colds
ICD-10 CODE
J06.9 Acute upper respiratory tract infection, unspecified.
J02.0 Streptococcal pharyngitis.
J20 Acute bronchitis.
O99.5 Respiratory diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Acute respiratory infections are widespread diseases; they account for about 90% of all infectious pathologies. During pregnancy, acute respiratory infections are observed in 2–9% of patients. The source of infection is a sick person. Infection occurs by airborne droplets. Diseases often occur in the form of epidemics. In temperate latitudes, the peak incidence is observed from late December to early March. The disease spreads easily in various institutions and crowded places.

PREVENTION OF ARI DURING PREGNANCY

General preventive measures include maximum limitation of communication with strangers during periods of increased morbidity, and taking vitamins. Among specific preventive measures, vaccination (for influenza) is of particular importance. Taking various antiviral drugs (amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, acyclovir, ribavirin). It should be noted that at present, from the point of view of evidence-based medicine, the effectiveness of such antiviral agents ashalene, tetrabromotetrahydroxydiphenyl, interferon-a2 in the form of nasal applications has not been confirmed.

CLASSIFICATION OF ARI

ARIs are classified according to etiology. These include both viral infections and diseases caused by bacteria. The most important are influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial, rhinovirus and reovirus infections.

ETIOLOGY (CAUSES) of acute respiratory infections

Pathogens include various types of viruses, and less commonly, bacterial infections. Among the viruses, the most common are rhinoviruses, coronoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus. Among bacterial pathogens, streptococci are of greatest importance. Mycoplasmas, chlamydia, and gonococci are also noted.

PATHOGENESIS

The gateway of infection is the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The pathogen, entering the upper respiratory tract, penetrates the cylindrical ciliated epithelium, where its active reproduction occurs, which leads to cell damage and an inflammatory reaction. In severe forms of the disease (influenza), all parts of the airways can be involved, including the alveoli, with the development of complications in the form of acute bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, and pneumonia.

PATHOGENESIS OF GESTATION COMPLICATIONS

An acute infectious process in the first trimester of pregnancy has a direct toxic effect on the fetus, including its death. In some cases, the placenta becomes infected with the subsequent development of placental insufficiency, the formation of FGR and intrauterine infectious pathology of the fetus.

CLINICAL PICTURE (SYMPTOMS) OF ARI DURING PREGNANCY

The incubation period lasts from several hours to two days. The disease has an acute onset: fever up to 38–40° C, chills, severe general intoxication (headache, weakness, pain in the muscles of the arms, legs, lower back, pain in the eyes, photophobia, adynamia). Dizziness, nausea, and vomiting may occur. The fever lasts 3–5 days, the temperature drops critically, with profuse sweating. Later there may be a more or less prolonged low-grade fever. On examination, hyperemia of the face, neck, pharynx, injection of scleral vessels, sweating, and bradycardia are noted. The tongue is coated. Blood tests reveal leukopenia and neutropenia. During a febrile period, protein, red blood cells, and casts may appear in the urine. Catarrhal syndrome with influenza is expressed by pharyngitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis is especially characteristic. With rhinovirus and adenovirus infections, the incubation period lasts longer and can last a week or more. Intoxication is moderate. Body temperature may remain normal or subfebrile. The leading syndrome is catarrhal; manifests itself in the form of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis with the appearance of a dry cough.

COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATION

The formation of malformations is noted (if infected in the first trimester of pregnancy - from 1 to 10%), the threat of termination of pregnancy in 25–50% of cases, intrauterine infection of the fetus, placental insufficiency with the formation of intrauterine growth retardation and chronic fetal hypoxia. Placental abruption is possible in 3.2% of cases.

DIAGNOSIS OF ARI DURING PREGNANCY

ANAMNESIS

When collecting anamnesis, special attention is paid to possible contacts with patients and exposure to frequent colds.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Physical examination is of particular importance in diagnosing complications of acute respiratory infections. Careful auscultation allows you to timely suspect and diagnose the development of acute bronchitis and pneumonia.

LABORATORY RESEARCH

During epidemic outbreaks, diagnosis is not difficult, while sporadic cases of the disease (influenza, adenoviral infection) require laboratory confirmation. Examination of swabs from the throat and nose using ELISA. The serological method (retrospectively) allows you to determine the increase in antibody titer to the virus over time after 5–7 days. Clinical blood test (leukopenia or leukocytosis with moderate band shift, ESR may be normal). For timely diagnosis of complications, determination of the level of AFP and b-hCG at 17–20 weeks of pregnancy is recommended. A study of fetoplacental complex hormones (estriol, PL, progesterone, cortisol) in the blood is carried out at 24 and 32 weeks of pregnancy.

INSTRUMENTAL RESEARCH

In case of suspected development of complications of acute respiratory infections (sinusitis, pneumonia), an X-ray examination may be performed to clarify the diagnosis according to vital indications.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS

Differential diagnosis is carried out between different types of acute respiratory infections (influenza, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial infection), acute bronchitis and other highly contagious infections (measles, rubella, scarlet fever).

INDICATIONS FOR CONSULTATION WITH OTHER SPECIALISTS

Indicated for severe disease with pronounced signs of intoxication, with the development of complications in the form of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, otitis, etc.

EXAMPLE OF FORMULATION OF DIAGNOSIS

Pregnancy 33 weeks. ARVI. Threat of premature birth.

TREATMENT OF ARI (COLDS, FLU) IN PREGNANT WOMEN

PREVENTION AND PREDICTION OF GESTATION COMPLICATIONS

Includes timely treatment of the infectious process.

FEATURES OF TREATMENT OF GESTATIONAL COMPLICATIONS

Treatment of gestational complications by trimester

I trimester: symptomatic treatment of ARVI. In the future, careful monitoring of the development of pregnancy, the formation and growth of the fetus. With the development of complications of ARVI (pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis), pathogenetic antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating therapy is used. In case of influenza, pregnancy termination is carried out due to a high (10%) risk of developmental abnormalities.

II and III trimesters: therapy using interferons (other antiviral drugs are prohibited during pregnancy). For bacterial infections, antibiotics are used, taking into account the possible harmful effects on the fetus. If necessary, threatened miscarriage and placental insufficiency are treated according to generally accepted regimens. If signs of intrauterine infection are detected, normal human immunoglobulin is administered intravenously, 50 ml every other day, three times, followed by the administration of interferons (interferon-a2) in the form of rectal suppositories, 500 thousand IU twice a day daily for 10 days, then 10 suppositories of 500 each. thousand IU twice a day, twice a week.

Treatment of complications during childbirth and the postpartum period

During childbirth, careful pain relief is indicated to prevent labor anomalies and bleeding.

Prevention of fetal hypoxia and treatment of labor anomalies are carried out using generally accepted methods. In the postpartum period, on the first day, the postpartum woman should be prescribed uterotonic drugs and prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS

It is carried out based on the results of a blood test for hormones of the fetoplacental complex, ultrasound and CTG data.

CHOICE OF DATE AND METHOD OF DELIVERY

Delivery in the acute period is associated with a high risk of labor anomalies, bleeding, as well as postpartum purulent-septic complications. In this regard, along with antiviral and antibacterial therapy during this period, treatment is carried out aimed at improving the function of the fetoplacental complex and prolonging pregnancy. Delivery should be carried out after the signs of an acute infectious process have subsided. Delivery through the natural birth canal is considered preferable.

INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT

With ARVI, the patient is contagious for 5–7 days from the onset of the disease. If an acute respiratory viral infection occurs, consultation with a doctor is required due to the high risk of complications in both the pregnant woman and the fetus.

The ICD (International Classification of Diseases) is a document that helps classify diseases and also keep records of morbidity. ICD 10 is the current qualification standard. It helps diagnose many pathologies, including acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory diseases.

What is it and where is it used

The ICD is a document that is created and approved by the World Health Organization. With its help, records are kept of the mortality and morbidity of people with certain diseases. Using information from the international classification, it is possible to give long statements a small size in the form of a code. Abbreviations include letters and numbers.

The ICD is mostly used by doctors and scientists. With its help, doctors quickly make a diagnosis and exchange information. For example, one of the doctors can learn about a patient's condition simply by looking at another doctor's diagnosis in the form of an abbreviated code.

The classification reflects not only the disease present in a person, but also its type and characteristics. A short code provides detailed information that is easy to understand.

What is the role of classification for the scientific and medical society

In any professional environment, various abbreviations and abbreviations are used that allow you to succinctly reflect any information. Classification plays an important role in medicine and science.

The scientific community, using the International Classification of Diseases, can study statistics and how they change. Based on this, they can conduct research. The ICD also allows you to exchange information received from different parts of the world.

Doctors of various specialties can obtain a large amount of information from the anamnesis by reading abbreviations. This allows you to significantly speed up diagnosis. The following advantages of using a single classification are highlighted:

receiving and sending information in a compressed form
maintaining statistics and records on certain diseases
comparison with previous periods

Based on the data received, it is possible to take the right actions. Thanks to regular recording, it is possible to find out when outbreaks of acute respiratory infections will occur and what needs to be done to reduce the risk of getting sick.

How are acute respiratory infections currently diagnosed?

Clinics use a complete description of the disease when diagnosing. Only occasionally are abbreviations used. They do this because abbreviations fail to convey the severity of the disease. The ICD code is used exclusively for maintaining statistics.

Verbal formulation is understandable to the patient, so it is still considered preferable when working with people. Some hospitals use both methods of describing a diagnosis (classical and using a code). For large-scale accounting, the ICD code is preferable.

The classic diagnosis of acute respiratory infection is made as follows:

A detailed examination is being carried out. The patient is interviewed.
Tests are ordered.
The root cause of the disease and its type are determined.

Diagnosis using ICD 10 is made using the same methods. The differences lie in the end result. The diagnosis in this case consists of a code.

What abbreviations and codes are used?

The abbreviations used to diagnose respiratory infections are familiar to many people. The codes are unknown outside of medical science. When an acute respiratory infection is detected, class X codes are used, block J00–J06 for acute respiratory infections, block J10–J18 for influenza. Among the abbreviations that are used in classical diagnosis without using the ICD are:

Most often, people come across the formulations ARVI, ARI and FLU. Each diagnosis has slight differences from each other.

If a doctor diagnoses ARI (acute respiratory infection), this means that at the time of diagnosis he did not know what infectious agent struck the person. ARI can involve both bacterial and viral infections. Typically, once this diagnosis is made, general remedies are used to treat respiratory lesions.

If a diagnosis of ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is made, this means that the causative agent of the disease is precisely known. After a detailed examination, its type and the most effective method of treatment are determined.

It is worth noting that when diagnosing using an ICD 10 code, less popular abbreviations are used. They consist of Latin letters and numbers. When using the international classification method, the exact disease is indicated. Classic formulations (ARVI, ARI) may mean rhinitis, sinusitis, etc. ICD codes allow you to immediately indicate the exact disease and pathogen.

The only disadvantage is the lack of ability to encrypt the severity of how the disease progresses.

How to make a correct diagnosis using ICD

To make a correct diagnosis, you need to carefully study which codes are used in certain situations. ICD 10 includes 22 classes, which are numbered with Roman numerals. You will need to carefully study grade 10, which is entirely devoted to respiratory diseases.

Information from the International Classification of Diseases must be known to all specialists in order to freely understand the data disseminated by the World Health Organization. Class X contains codes from J00 to J99.

Upper respiratory tract diseases are coded J00-06. They are the ones that strike people most often. Codes J10-19 indicate influenza and pneumonia. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will need to study the first 6 codes, including:

J00 - acute nasopharyngitis
J01 - acute sinusitis
J02 - acute pharyngitis
J03 - acute tonsillitis
J04 - acute laryngitis
J05 - acute epiglottitis
J06 - general upper respiratory tract infection

It's worth noting that the code can be extended. For example, the abbreviation J02.0 is used to refer to streptococcal pharyngitis.

If a doctor wants to correctly diagnose according to the ICD, he will need to spend a little time studying the document. Qualification is considered important in diagnosis. Making a correct diagnosis requires comprehensive development.

Difficulties in diagnosing respiratory infection with intestinal manifestations

Doctors sometimes encounter problems when diagnosing according to ICD 10. One of them is a respiratory viral infection with intestinal manifestations. This disease is often confused with a simple intestinal infection. In this case, the disease code will be completely different.

To make a correct diagnosis, you will need to use modern diagnostic tools. It is impossible to distinguish diseases from each other based on symptoms. It is necessary to find out the etiology of the disease. After a detailed examination, it will be possible to understand what code to give to a viral infection in accordance with the international classification of diseases.

How to use the ICD with maximum efficiency

In order to correctly and quickly diagnose diseases and give them the appropriate code, you need to have a good knowledge of international qualifications. In addition, you need to use modern diagnostic tools. The approach should be as follows:

careful examination of the anamnesis
paying attention to the individual characteristics of a person (concomitant diseases, immune status)
consultations with other specialists

If difficulties arise in making a diagnosis, additional examinations are prescribed. In some cases, a council is convened to obtain several expert opinions.

If a doctor needs to constantly use the ICD, then it is better to memorize all the codes that are associated with his specialization. Thus, making diagnoses and maintaining statistics is much faster.

Formulating a diagnosis based on the ICD code is a simple process if the doctor is familiar with the abbreviations used. The specialist enters the codes that correspond to the patient’s condition. The code cipher is rarely double. Modern diagnostics almost always make it possible to identify the causative agent of the disease, so this is reflected in the code as an additional digit.

Diagnosing a disease takes time. In some cases, when a respiratory disease is identified, a preliminary diagnosis is made, which does not reflect the root cause and pathogen. The code may change during additional examinations.

When using a verbal form of diagnosis, it is possible to describe more details. Among them are:

severity of the course
concomitant diseases
complications that have arisen

It is impossible to indicate all this using the ICD code. However, verbal formulations are not suitable for accounting for large amounts of data. If it is necessary to calculate the number of cases of a certain disease in one country or throughout the world, then the most preferable solution is to reduce the information.

The International Classification of Diseases is a convenient format suitable for both diagnosis and statistics. The main advantage of using ICD standards is worldwide recognition. The document is being drafted by experts from the World Health Organization.

In many countries, statistics are officially kept using the international classification. This makes it possible to work with a huge amount of data. Thanks to this, morbidity and mortality statistics become available to people.

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Cold- an infection of the nose and throat caused by many different viruses. Children are most often affected. Gender, genetics, lifestyle do not matter.

There are at least 200 highly contagious viruses that cause common cold. These viruses are easily spread through the air (the tiny droplets that are created in the air when someone who is already sick coughs or sneezes. In most cases, these same viruses are spread even by shaking hands with an infected person or by touching objects contaminated with the virus, such as shared utensils or a towel.

A cold You can get sick at any time of the year, although the main outbreaks of infection occur in autumn and winter. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults because... they do not yet have immunity to the most common viruses, and also because viruses spread very quickly in kindergartens and schools.

First symptoms colds usually develop between 12 hours and 3 days after infection. They appear most intensely in the first 24–48 hours, unlike the flu, which leads to a sharp deterioration in the condition in the first hours.

At cold The patient develops the following symptoms:

- frequent sneezing;

- severe runny nose with clear, watery discharge, which subsequently becomes thick and acquires a greenish tint;

- slight fever and headache;

- sore throat and sometimes cough.

In some patients it is common cold may be complicated by a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract or paranasal sinuses. Bacterial ear infection, characterized by severe ear pain, is also a common complication colds.

Despite extensive scientific research, no quick cure has yet been discovered. colds. Symptoms colds can be relieved with medications from the following groups:

- analgesics, which will relieve headaches and reduce fever;

- decongestants that will relieve nasal congestion;

- antitussives that relieve cough and sore throat.

When you are sick, you need to drink a lot of fluids, especially at high temperatures. Most people for prevention and treatment colds take large amounts of vitamin C, but the true benefits of this remedy have not yet been proven. If the patient's condition does not improve within a week, and the child does not get better after two days, you should consult a doctor. If the main complication develops - a bacterial infection - it is necessary to prescribe antibiotics, although against viruses the usual colds they are ineffective.

Cold goes away on its own without treatment within 2 weeks, but the cough may persist longer.

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Classification according to ICD-10

This term refers to a whole category of pathologies with general symptoms that have certain features:

they are all infectious in nature;
pathogens enter the body through airborne droplets;
First of all, the organs of the respiratory system are affected;
Such diseases develop rapidly and are not present for long.

To distinguish acute respiratory infections from influenza and sore throat, you need to analyze the clinical picture. So, sore throat is characterized by similar manifestations, but the patient experiences pain when swallowing. Swelling in the neck area also often occurs. The temperature increases to 38-39 degrees and comes down with great difficulty.

Flu appears suddenly. The temperature can be 38.5 degrees. Sometimes it even reaches 40 degrees. This pathology is characterized by chills, cough, and body aches. Often there is severe sweating and nasal congestion without a runny nose. The eyes also become watery and red, and a nagging pain appears in the chest area.

Pathogens, incubation period

Acute respiratory infections can be the result of various viruses. In total, there are more than 200 types of viral infections. These include rhinoviruses, influenza, and coronaviruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses can also be causative agents of the disease.

In addition, acute respiratory infections can be associated with infection with such common microbes as meningococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and streptococci of various types. Sometimes the causes are chlamydia and mycoplasma.

Features of acute respiratory infections symptoms and causes of the disease:

Causes and routes of infection, risk group

The pathogen enters the body through the upper respiratory tract, settles on the mucous membranes and multiplies. The disease leads to damage to the mucous membrane.

In this case, the primary manifestations of acute respiratory infections occur - swelling and inflammatory changes in the nose and pharynx. When the immune system is weakened, the pathogen quickly penetrates downwards, affecting the entire respiratory tract.

As a rule, after an illness, stable immunity is developed.

The risk group includes people who face the following factors:

hypothermia;
the presence of chronic lesions in the body;
stressful situations;
unfavorable environmental conditions;
poor nutrition.

Symptoms of acute respiratory infections

Characteristic manifestations of acute respiratory infections include the following:

nasal congestion, rhinitis;
sneezing;
sore and sore throat;
increase in temperature;
cough;
general intoxication of the body.

The main manifestations of the disease include respiratory symptoms, which indicate inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs. All clinical signs are divided into two categories:

respiratory tract damage;
general intoxication of the body.

Inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract at different levels include the following:

rhinitis – is an inflammatory lesion of the nasal mucosa;
pharyngitis - involves damage to the pharynx;
laryngitis - this term refers to damage to the larynx;
tracheitis – implies inflammation of the trachea.

Diagnostics

Most often, to identify acute respiratory infections, it is enough to study the medical history and general clinical symptoms. The doctor must be notified about when the temperature increased, how many days it lasts and what symptoms accompany this process.

If necessary, the specialist will prescribe additional examinations - for example, a general blood test. To identify the causative agent of the pathology, a culture of discharge from the nasopharynx is performed. A serological test may also be performed.

What is the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, says Dr. Komarovsky:

Treatment principle

This pathology should be treated under the supervision of a doctor. Even the mildest form of the disease can lead to dangerous complications. In difficult cases, the patient should be hospitalized in a hospital.

Typically, treatment for acute respiratory infections includes the following components:

Use of antiviral agents. Most often, doctors prescribe drugs such as remantadine, oseltamivir, zanamavir.
Maintain strict bed rest.
Drink plenty of fluids. You can take decoctions of medicinal plants or rose hips. Regular tea will also work.
Taking interferons.
Use of antipyretics. Such drugs should be taken only with a strong increase in temperature. Adult patients are usually prescribed tablets and injections. Children are recommended to take medications in the form of syrups.
Taking anti-inflammatory drugs.
Use of antihistamines.
Using herbal infusions for gargling. This method of therapy is more suitable for adult patients, since children do not always know how to gargle correctly.
Medicines for sore throat. This category includes products such as sprays and lozenges.
Introducing vasoconstrictor drops into the nose. It is also very useful to rinse the nose with saline solutions.
Taking vitamin complexes.
Use of cough medications.

Principles of treatment of acute respiratory infections in our infographics

Treatment errors, what not to do

Many people make common mistakes during treatment for acute respiratory infections. This leads to the development of dangerous complications. To avoid this, you need to follow these recommendations:

You should not use antipyretic drugs for a long time. This prevents the body from fighting the virus. In addition, there is a risk of masking the symptoms of dangerous complications - otitis media or pneumonia.
It is not recommended to start using antibiotics immediately. They have no effect on viral infections and can lead to a significant weakening of the immune system.
You should not eat if you have no appetite. This helps a person fight illness rather than waste energy on digesting food.
It is not recommended to carry the disease on your feet. Bed rest is one of the key conditions for a quick recovery. If this rule is violated, there is a risk of serious complications.

Complications

The most common complication of a viral infection is the addition of a bacterial one.

ARI can lead to the following consequences:

otitis;
sinusitis;
myocarditis;
tracheitis;
pneumonia;
neuritis;
bronchitis.

How to cure acute respiratory infections and colds, watch our video:

Prevention

To prevent the development of acute respiratory infections, especially during pregnancy, you need to adhere to the following recommendations:

quit smoking and alcohol;
get flu vaccinations;
take vitamins;
eat foods with plenty of vitamins and beneficial elements;
have a good rest;
wear a mask during epidemics;
take immunomodulators and antivirals;
Avoid contact with sick people.

Acute respiratory infections are a very common category of pathologies, which are accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and significantly reduce the quality of life. To cope with the disease, you should strictly follow medical recommendations and not suffer the disease on your feet. This will help avoid dangerous complications.

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ORZ. Acute respiratory diseases (acute catarrh of the respiratory tract). Very common diseases primarily affecting the respiratory tract. Caused by various etiological agents (viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria). Immunity after illness is strictly type-specific, for example, to influenza virus, parainfluenza, herpes simplex, rhinovirus. Therefore, the same person can get sick with acute respiratory disease up to 5-7 times during the year. The source of infection is a person sick with clinically pronounced or erased forms of acute respiratory disease. Healthy virus carriers are less important. Transmission of infection occurs predominantly through airborne droplets. Diseases occur in the form of isolated cases and epidemic outbreaks.

Symptoms and course of acute respiratory infections. ARI is characterized by relatively mild symptoms of general intoxication, predominant damage to the upper parts of the respiratory tract and a benign course. Damage to the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheolaryngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Some etiological agents, in addition to these manifestations, cause a number of other symptoms: conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis in adenoviral diseases, moderately pronounced signs of herpetic sore throat in enteroviral diseases, rubella-like eczema in adenoviral and enteroviral diseases, false croup syndrome in adenoviral and parainfluenza infections. The duration of the disease in the absence of pneumonia is from 2-3 to 5-8 days. With pneumonia, which is often caused by mycoplasmas, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus in combination with a bacterial infection, the disease lasts 3-4 weeks or more and is difficult to treat.

Recognition of acute respiratory infections. The main method is clinical. They make a diagnosis: acute respiratory disease (ARI) and give its interpretation (rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitis, etc.). An etiological diagnosis is made only after laboratory confirmation.

Treatment of acute respiratory infections. Antibiotics and other chemotherapy drugs are ineffective because they do not affect the virus. Antibiotics can be prescribed for acute bacterial respiratory infections. Treatment is often carried out at home. During the febrile period, bed rest is recommended. Symptomatic drugs, antipyretics, etc. are prescribed.

Prevention of acute respiratory infections. For a specific one, a vaccine is used. Remantadine can be used to prevent influenza A.

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Classification problems

The International Classification of Diseases 2010 Revision (abbreviated ICD-10) is a generally accepted classification of various diseases, according to which it is also customary to distinguish between different types of acute respiratory and viral infections. ARVI according to ICD-10 includes various diseases that have the letter index J and numeric indicators. The use of such an international classification of diseases can significantly simplify the diagnosis, and subsequently improve the quality of treatment.

ARVI - briefly about the disease

Acute respiratory viral infections are caused by various pathogenic viruses that can enter our body through airborne droplets and quickly infect the body. Such a viral infection can affect the nasopharynx, leading to a cough, runny nose, affect the trachea, and so on. In each specific case, the symptoms of this disease, forms of diagnosis and method of treatment depend on its specific form and causative agent. It should be noted that there are viral diseases that can be easily treated at home, while other severe forms require immediate hospitalization of the patient.

Rules for diagnosing ARVI

The diagnosis is made on the basis of a virological study. A smear is taken, which allows you to isolate a specific virus, after which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis. We also note that it is possible to make a diagnosis based on the existing epidemiological history. The main symptoms include the following:

The appearance of nasal discharge and/or nasal congestion.
Pain when swallowing saliva or food.
Mild intoxication.
Inflammation of the sublingual space and vocal cords with the larynx.

ARVI code according to ICD 10

According to ICD 10, acute respiratory viral infections belong to the X class of diseases, and have indices from J 09 to J 18. Also, this category group may include pneumonia and influenza, acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. All codes of such diseases are approved by the international classification and, when described, are indicated in the patient’s medical record.

Formulation of diagnosis in accordance with ICD 10

In accordance with the current classification of diseases ICD-10, ARVI is a group of diseases that are characterized by damage to numerous parts of the respiratory tract. In this case, the patient experiences catarrhal and respiratory symptoms, depending on the specific form of the disease. In most cases, doctors do not distinguish one or another form of the disease, and when making a diagnosis, indicate the code according to ICD 10. However, in the presence of severe forms of this disease, including adenoviral infection, the patient is required to be admitted to a hospital and receive appropriate competent treatment.

Sick leave for ARVI

The period for which sick leave is issued for ARVI ICD-10 directly depends on the form of the virus and the severity of symptoms. Usually, doctors issue the so-called average sick leave, which is valid for 3–4 days. During this time, the patient must undergo tests, which will allow the specialist to correctly identify the specific pathogen.

During the first 3 days, appropriate antiviral and symptomatic treatment is carried out, and in most cases this period is sufficient to suppress the infection. If the patient does not show any improvement, or a severe form is established, the sick leave can be extended for up to a week or more.

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Nature of the pathology

ARVI is characterized by airborne penetration into the cavities of the respiratory organs. Intensive spread of the disease is observed mainly in the cold season. Clinicians divide the pathology according to the severity of the course and other symptoms such as temperature, nature of intoxication, and degree of damage to the upper respiratory tract.

The main source of the disease is the sick person and contact with him. In rare cases, acute respiratory diseases can have a contact-household or oral route of occurrence. The first organs the virus enters are the nasal passages, throat, and conjunctiva of the eyes. The pathogenic activity of the virus begins precisely in the mucous tissues of the nasal passages.

The disease is highly contagious. The risks of infection are especially great when the patient is sick for the first week. People with a reduced immune status, the elderly and young children are more susceptible to infection.

Classification according to a single register

The diagnosis of ARVI in the classification of diseases is represented by numbers from J00 to J06. The modern classification no longer includes chronic bronchial obstruction. The ARVI code according to ICD-10 includes a whole list of viral diseases that covers patients under 18 years of age and older who are in hospitals and registered in multidisciplinary institutions. Users of such a protocol are usually general practitioners, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, and infectious disease specialists.

Clinical picture

Symptoms of ARVI are a runny nose, itching in the nasal passages, sneezing, and increased lacrimation. As the disease progresses, hyperthermia increases, the temperature can reach 39-40 C°. 1-2 days after the onset of the first manifestations, the mucous secretion thickens and changes color to yellowish or green. These signs characterize the beginning of activation of the body’s immune defense against viral infection. The main signs of ARVI are:

sore throat, dry cough, hyperemia of the laryngeal mucosa;

increased size of lymph nodes;

malaise, joint pain, fatigue;

headache;

lack of appetite, weight loss;

feeling of sand in the eyes, irritation and tearing;

sweating along with chills.

Young children are acutely aware of infection in the upper respiratory tract; the symptoms are always stronger than in adults. The disease may be accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, severe anxiety, psycho-emotional instability, weight loss, and vomiting after eating. The temperature in children rises to high levels and is difficult to subside even with antipyretics. Clinical symptoms usually persist for up to 5 days, after which relief occurs.

The main differences between acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections

What is the difference between Orz and Orvi? Acute respiratory disease, or in the abbreviation ARI, is essentially the initial stage of the development of influenza and ARVI, if it was caused by a viral environment. The common cold and influenza virus have different courses, complications and prognoses, as well as treatment tactics. Acute respiratory infections can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. ARVI is a wide range of diseases caused only by a viral infection.

Considering that both diseases have the same course, minor differences still exist. There are several main features that can become distinctive features in these pathologies:

Causes. If acute respiratory infections unites a group of respiratory diseases, then acute respiratory viral infections are caused only by a viral pathogenic environment.

Temperature. Acute respiratory infections can manifest themselves without fever, and the course of acute respiratory viral infections is almost always accompanied by hyperthermia in children and adults, which is difficult to treat.

Character of the current. The acute respiratory infection begins sluggishly and proceeds slowly. Influenza and ARVI develop quickly and are rapid in nature with a pronounced deterioration in well-being.

Complication and prognosis. Symptoms of acute respiratory infections disappear within 2-3 days after the start of treatment. With ARVI and influenza, symptoms can persist for up to 5 days. The main complication of acute respiratory infections is ARVI. With the flu, there is a risk of developing pneumonia, bronchitis, myocarditis or pericarditis.

The recovery of a patient with acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections is usually long. Typically, a patient needs 14 days to fully recover. With the development of parainfluenza and influenza, patients experience the greatest intoxication, high fever, severe body aches, dry non-productive cough, headaches and increased photophobia. Symptoms of ARVI are often complicated by febrile convulsions in young children.

Treatment of ARVI in children and adults

The tactics of the treatment process in children and adults are practically no different. The only difference is the use of smaller dosages of medications, as well as the use of more gentle drugs. The following groups of medications are prescribed.

Nasal drops

Drops for instillation into the nasal passages relieve symptoms of colds and viral infections and make breathing easier. Typically, drops with a vasoconstrictor component and antiviral agents are prescribed. The drugs reduce mucus secretion, relieve swelling, provide adequate oxygen supply to the brain, and eliminate the pathogenic activity of viruses. If a cold is complicated by a bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed. The following remedies are effective:

Isofra and Polydexa (antibacterial to prevent sinusitis);

Grippferon, Nazoferon, Laferon, Genferon, Derinat (to stimulate local immunity and eliminate pathogenic microflora);

Pinosol, Afrin, Nazol, Nazivin (vasoconstrictor drops);

Salin, Humer, Aquamaris, sodium chloride (solutions based on salt and sea water for rinsing).

Nasal congestion and accumulation of mucus during a runny nose due to ARVI or influenza is a serious problem, as there are risks of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Additionally, you can rinse the nasal passages with Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Furacilin, and soda-saline solution.

Vasoconstrictor drugs are taken for no more than 5 days to prevent serious complications on the nasal mucosa.

Non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs

In the treatment of ARVI, complex treatment is important. For fever, non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. The following medications will help relieve aches in the joints, fever and general malaise:

Theraflu and Coldrex (powders with paracetamol);

Paracetamol;

Ibuprofen;

Diclofenac;

The drugs quickly reduce body temperature, alleviate the symptoms of ARVI, and are widely used in pediatric practice. Preparations in powders relieve the first symptoms of a cold and at the stage of complications, so it is important to begin timely therapy to prevent the development of ARVI or influenza. When taking non-steroidal drugs, bed rest is recommended. The temperature in children should be brought down after 38 C°, in adults after 38.5 C°.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa, inflammation, and relieve general symptoms of malaise. Among the commonly prescribed drugs for ARVI are:

Diphenhydramine (mainly by injection);

Claritin;

Semprex;

Suprastin.

Some of them have a pronounced sedative effect, so if you need to concentrate, you should choose those that do not cause drowsiness.

Remedies for sore throat

A sore throat with a cold and ARVI can develop into a sore throat, so all measures should be taken to prevent tonsillitis. Effective for sore throat are rinsing with antiseptic solutions (Furacilin, Chlorhexidine), using antibacterial sprays (Hexoral, Doctor Mom, Tantum-Verde, Bioparox).

You can gargle with a saline solution or a decoction of herbs (celandine, oak bark, chamomile, calendula). Warm drinks, honey and milk can relieve pain. These remedies have been tested for years and are ideal for treating children. Instead of rinsing, you can brew a steep chamomile decoction and use a syringe to treat the child’s oral cavity with the warm mixture.

Cough medicines

Cough occurs 3-4 days after the onset of ARVI. To improve the discharge and dilution of sputum, soften spasms, and also to relieve symptoms, syrups, tablets or lozenges are prescribed:

Ambroxol;

Doctor Mom;

Strepsils;

Mukaltin;

Bronholitin.

The need to prescribe mucolytic drugs must be confirmed by diagnostic studies and medical prescription. In some cases, suppression of the cough reflex can be dangerous.

Other local drugs

Treatment of a viral infection involves the use of local remedies, including mustard plasters and warming ointments. Camphor-based ointments are especially popular (Linkas, Doctor Mom). The ointment is applied to the wings of the nose, temples, sternum and back. When applied to the chest, the liniment is rubbed, avoiding the heart area.

To treat small children, it is enough to lubricate the heels and put on socks (in the absence of strong heat). Use on the face may cause allergies and respiratory failure.

Before going outside, it is effective to use antiviral ointments Viferon, Interferon, Oxolinic ointment. This allows you to stop the entry of viruses into the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

For acute respiratory viral infections, antibiotics are prescribed only in the case of bacterial microflora or complications in the form of pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, and myocarditis. Mostly drugs from the cephalosporin group are used (Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime). They are effective against most pathogenic strains.

Treatment is determined only by a doctor after diagnosis and personal examination. Self-prescription of drugs can be dangerous due to various complications, including death. Treatment of young children is usually carried out in a hospital under the supervision of doctors. Adults can be treated at home, following all medical recommendations.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for ARVI is favorable, especially with timely treatment of the pathological condition. With inadequate therapy and ignoring symptoms, treatment with folk remedies at home significantly worsens the prognosis, especially when it comes to the treatment of young children. Complications of influenza and ARVI are quite dangerous and can lead to painful death of the patient (false croup or laryngeal stenosis, alveolar edema, encephalopathy, meningitis).

Prevention against influenza and acute respiratory viral infections consists of timely vaccination or the use of interferon-based drugs to stimulate the immune system. It should be noted that the ARVI vaccine is not a panacea for the disease, however, if the patient gets sick, the symptoms are quite mild and no serious complications arise.

During influenza epidemics and acute respiratory diseases, it is recommended to use protective masks and lubricate the nasal passages with Viferon and Oxolinic ointments to prevent infection. Contact with carriers of virions is undesirable; hygiene must be observed after going outside (wash your hands, face, rinse your nose).

It is a document that helps classify diseases and also keep records of morbidity. ICD 10 is the current qualification standard. It helps diagnose many pathologies, including acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory diseases.

ICD collection - 10

The ICD is mostly used by doctors and scientists. With its help, doctors exchange information faster. For example, one of the doctors can learn about a patient's condition simply by looking at another doctor's diagnosis in the form of an abbreviated code.

The classification reflects not only the disease present in a person, but also its type and characteristics. A short code provides detailed information that is easy to understand.

What is the role of classification for the scientific and medical society

In any professional environment, various abbreviations and abbreviations are used that allow you to succinctly reflect any information. Classification plays an important role in medicine and science.

receiving and sending information in a compressed form
maintaining statistics and records on certain diseases
comparison with previous periods

Based on the data received, it is possible to take the right actions. Thanks to regular recording, it is possible to find out when outbreaks will occur and what needs to be done to reduce the risk of getting sick.

How are acute respiratory infections currently diagnosed?

The occurrence of sores in the mouth: causes of the disease, treatment with traditional and folk methods

The classic diagnosis of acute respiratory infection is made as follows:

A detailed examination is being carried out. The patient is interviewed.
Tests are ordered.
The root cause of the disease and its type are determined.

Diagnosis using ICD 10 is made using the same methods. The differences lie in the end result. The diagnosis in this case consists of a code.

What abbreviations and codes are used?

Most often, people come across the formulations ARVI, ARI and FLU. Each diagnosis has slight differences from each other.

It is worth noting that when diagnosing using an ICD 10 code, less popular abbreviations are used. They consist of Latin letters and numbers. When using the international classification method, the exact disease is indicated. Classic formulations (ARVI, ARI) may mean sinusitis, etc. ICD codes allow you to immediately indicate the exact disease and pathogen.

The only disadvantage is the lack of ability to encrypt the severity of how the disease progresses.

How to make a correct diagnosis using ICD

Dream Interpretation: fresh cucumbers, why you dream of eating, pickling or seeing vegetables from the outside

J00 - acute nasopharyngitis
J01 - acute sinusitis
J02 - acute pharyngitis
J03 - acute tonsillitis
J04 - acute laryngitis
J05 - acute epiglottitis
J06 - general upper respiratory tract infection

It's worth noting that the code can be extended. For example, the abbreviation J02.0 is used to refer to pharyngitis.

Difficulties in diagnosing respiratory infection with intestinal manifestations

Doctors sometimes encounter problems when diagnosing according to ICD 10. One of them is respiratory viral. This disease is often confused with a simple intestinal infection. In this case, the disease code will be completely different.

How to use the ICD with maximum efficiency

careful examination of the anamnesis
paying attention to the individual characteristics of a person (concomitant diseases, immune status)
consultations with other specialists

If difficulties arise in making a diagnosis, additional examinations are prescribed. In some cases, a council is convened to obtain several expert opinions.

If a doctor needs to constantly use the ICD, then it is better to memorize all the codes that are associated with his specialization. Thus, making diagnoses and maintaining statistics is much faster.

How to reduce blood pressure before a medical examination, depending on the cause

When using a verbal form of diagnosis, it is possible to describe more details. Among them are:

severity of the course
concomitant diseases
complications that have arisen

A convenient format suitable for both diagnostics and statistics. The main advantage of using ICD standards is worldwide recognition. The document is being drafted by experts from the World Health Organization.

Apr 21, 2018 Violetta Doctor

Acute respiratory viral infections(ARVI) is a group of acute infectious diseases caused by viruses and characterized by damage to various parts of the respiratory tract. ARVI is the most common acute infectious pathology. In most cases, acute respiratory viral infections have a similar clinical picture, consisting of symptoms of general intoxication and respiratory syndrome. Principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of spread infections common to all acute respiratory viral infections (with the exception of influenza, which has distinctive features of epidemiology and prevention).

Acute respiratory viral infections: Signs, symptoms

Clinical picture

Catarrhal syndrome: hyperemia of pharynx tissue, rhinitis, hyperemia of the conjunctivae of the eye and eyelids, including with symptoms of conjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever with adenoviral infections), catarrhal tonsillitis (tonsillitis with overlays, which is typical only for adenoviral infections).

Respiratory syndrome. Laryngitis. Rough "barking" cough. Hoarseness, hoarseness of voice (dysphonia). Possible development of upper respiratory tract obstruction (croup or stenosing laryngotracheitis): shortness of breath, predominantly inspiratory; the severity of the patient's condition in such cases is determined by the severity of respiratory failure. Tracheitis. Frequent “boring” cough, often accompanied by chest pain. Tracheitis (laryngotracheitis) is characteristic of the two most common acute respiratory viral infections - influenza and parainfluenza. Typical tracheitis, accompanied by a syndrome of general intoxication, makes it possible to diagnose influenza with a high degree of reliability. Moderate intoxication in combination with laryngotracheitis during the interepidemic period for influenza is usually associated with parainfluenza infection. Bronchitis. The cough is dry or wet. Auscultation: hard breathing, dry or moist scattered wheezing. The development of obstruction of the lower respiratory tract (obstructive bronchitis, bronchiolitis) is possible: expiratory shortness of breath, tachypnea, noisy, wheezing, auscultation - dry whistling and moist rales of various sizes, with percussion - a boxy tone of sound. The severity of the patient's condition is determined by the severity of respiratory failure.

Acute respiratory viral infections: Diagnosis

Laboratory research

Complications

Bacterial pneumonia. Purulent otitis, sinusitis. Activation of chronic foci of bacterial infections.

Acute respiratory viral infections: Treatment methods

Treatment

Etiotropic therapy has been developed for influenza (rimantadine, oseltamivir, influenza immunoglobulin) and RSV - infections(ribavarin). Antibacterial therapy is indicated for the development of bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, lymphadenitis). The antibiotic is selected taking into account the sensitivity of the isolated microflora. Symptomatic therapy. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are used to relieve hyperthermic syndrome. If there is difficulty in nasal breathing (rhinitis), vasoconstrictor drugs are prescribed locally (xylometazoline, naphazoline). For bronchial obstruction syndrome, bronchodilators (aminophylline and b-adrenergic agonists) are indicated.

Prevention

The period of isolation for a patient with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is 7 days. If illnesses occur in children's groups, contacts are monitored for 7 days. For the prevention of influenza, contact older children may be prescribed rimantadine 25 mg 2 times a day for 2-3 days. The premises require daily wet cleaning and ventilation 2-3 times a day. During a flu epidemic or during an outbreak of acute respiratory viral infection in a children's institution, IFN is instilled into the nose for prophylactic purposes, 5 drops 3 times a day. Active immunization against influenza is carried out with inactivated or live vaccines, which are produced annually from virus strains recommended by WHO. All vaccines provide short-term type-specific immunity, which requires annual vaccination.

ICD-10. J00 Acute nasopharyngitis [runny nose]. J02 Acute pharyngitis. J03 Acute tonsillitis [tonsillitis]. J06 Spicy infections upper respiratory tract of multiple and unspecified localization. J10 Influenza caused by an identified influenza virus. J11 Influenza, virus not identified. J12 Viral pneumonia, not elsewhere classified. J20 Acute bronchitis. J21 Acute bronchiolitis. J22 Acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract, unspecified.