The human immunodeficiency virus is known in every country. Widespread of this disease due to the peculiarities of its transmission. According to statistics, HIV infection is most often transmitted through sexual intercourse. One of the partners may not realize that he is a carrier of the virus. This is why doctors advise regularly getting tested for HIV and AIDS. Not sexually transmitted this pathology only if you use a condom. You should also choose carefully sexual partner. If you have any doubts about the health of the person with whom you had sexual intercourse, you should immediately consult a doctor. The vaccine, given within 72 hours of sex with an infected person, significantly reduces the risk of infection.
Features of HIV transmission during sexual contact
Each route of infection has its own characteristics. From a medical point of view, HIV transmission through sex is the most dangerous option of all. The fact is that it is precisely because of casual sexual relationships that more and more young people are becoming infected with this virus. Sexual infection HIV is observed in 70% of all cases. Viral cells invade healthy tissue mucous membrane, after which they penetrate into the blood and begin to actively multiply after 7 hours. It is extremely difficult to stop the progression of the disease after this period of time.
Transmission mechanism pathogenic microflora from sick to healthy body simple enough to understand. HIV infection through sexual contact occurs in several stages. If we are talking about vaginal sex, then the virus enters the partner’s organs through secretions: sperm or vaginal secretions. As is known, it is these physiological fluids that contain greatest number pathogenic cells. However, even if an infected man does not ejaculate inside the vagina healthy woman, then the risk of infection is still high. Even in the lubricant that is released from the penis, there are many virus cells present. That's why the most in a probable way infection is through sexual contact. At the same time, HIV begins to actively multiply in the body of a healthy person and gradually takes over the immune system, suppressing it.
HIV cannot be transmitted through sexual contact unless a condom is used. Latex is a reliable means of protection against virus penetration. However, it should be borne in mind that the slightest damage and microcracks on the condom reduce the effectiveness of protection and increase the risk of infection. Doctors advise trusting only proven brands of these products. Preference should be given quality manufacturer. Such a product usually costs an order of magnitude more, but is more reliable. HIV cannot be transmitted after contact using an intact condom. Similar method contraception and protection has helped save many lives. You shouldn't risk your health for a few minutes of pleasure.
The situation is more complicated with the transmission of HIV through anal or oral sexual contact. People have many misconceptions about unconventional sex. You can often hear questions about whether you can get AIDS or HIV through anal sex. The answer will, of course, be in the affirmative. The fact is that in the rectum there are many receptors through which physiological fluids are almost instantly absorbed into the blood. As soon as penile secretions with viral cells get there, they immediately enter the blood through receptors and microtraumas. If a man is healthy, and his partner is infected, then he can become infected during anal sex. The likelihood of contracting HIV sexually through the rectum is high, since this organ contains large number virus if the body is infected. In addition, this type of sexual intercourse is always accompanied by the presence of cracks and microtraumas of the mucous membrane. That is why even during anal sex you need to use a condom.
Some questions arise about HIV infection after oral sex. Both men and women can become infected this way. It does not matter which of them took an active position and which was passive. Many patients come to see a doctor with the question of whether HIV is transmitted through sex if there was only oral sex. There is a risk of infection in any case. IN oral cavity virus cells are also present. If a person asks a doctor whether it is possible to contract AIDS through oral sex, the doctor’s answer is always positive. Prolonged contact of the mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals often becomes the cause of infection, contrary to the popular belief that the risk of contracting HIV and AIDS through oral sex is low.
Why is sexual transmission of HIV the most common?
The degree of awareness and awareness of society largely affects the health of modern and future generations. Children should know whether AIDS and HIV infection are sexually transmitted. The problem with modern youth is that they do not want to delve into information this kind of, believing that they would not need it. However, one day the risk of HIV transmission through sexual contact may affect everyone.
Sociologists have long been studying the causes of mass infection of immunodeficiency through sex. The first of them is the lack of information about this disease. Adolescents and young adults due to certain negative factors may not know whether it is possible to become infected with AIDS or HIV through sexual contact. They talk about this at school, parents talk about it, television, radio, and advertisements around the city inform. However, if a child was born in a dysfunctional family and does not receive proper education, then his level of awareness is low.
The second reason is the increase in crime. Every year, many girls and boys succumb sexual violence. Naturally, an infected criminal does not think about the health of his victim, so condoms are out of the question. The percentage of HIV infections through forced sex today is extremely high. This is especially true for countries with low level life.
Another reason is a careless attitude towards your health. A healthy person who has information about the ways of contracting the disease can simply ignore them. The reason for this is simple carelessness or laziness. Reluctance to spend money on condoms or simply the thought that the problem will not affect a specific person often becomes the reason for contracting AIDS.
Many guys ask the doctor what to do if they slept with an HIV-infected girl. First of all, the doctor sends you for blood tests, which will show whether there is a virus in the body. Next, treatment is prescribed if immunodeficiency is still detected. Doctors are also often asked whether it is possible to sleep with HIV-infected person. Having sex with such people is allowed only if a high-quality condom of a trusted brand is used. There should also be no wounds on the partners’ bodies, no biting, no scratching each other during sex.
How to reduce the number of cases of HIV infection through sexual contact?
To keep the current generation healthy and take care of the next, people must become more aware. Taking good care of your health can save the lives of many people. If every person takes responsibility for their health, the number of cases of infection through sex will decrease.
In addition, it is necessary to inform schoolchildren about whether it is possible to become infected with AIDS or HIV through sexual contact. The likelihood of infection should be discussed in various television programs and shows. It would be useful to organize special events where everyone could learn about whether it is possible to become infected with AIDS or HIV through sexual contact. Cases of possible life situations will become shining examples of how to act in a given situation.
Every teenager and adult should know what is the likelihood of contracting HIV through sex. It is necessary to bring such information to the masses in order to maintain health. Only through joint efforts can this be overcome. dangerous disease like AIDS.
To fully understand what is the likelihood of contracting HIV with a single unprotected contact, you need to know how the virus is transmitted. There are three ways of its transmission - through the blood, semen and milk of a nursing mother.
The highest percentage of infection occurs during sex during sexual contact. In second place according to medical statistics is transmission due to disease HIV infection among drug addicts through reusable syringes. The third place is occupied by infection of a child during lactation. It is followed by cases of infection due to blood transfusion. In last place according to statistics is infection of medical staff through contact with a patient. The presence of another STD increases the risk of contracting HIV through sexual contact - because with similar diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea) the content of white cells in the blood increases, which are attacked by the immunodeficiency virus.
People often wonder whether it is possible to become infected with HIV without direct contact. Specialists and scientists studying this disease believe that this is only possible when infected blood gets into the wound of a healthy person and in some other cases.
Risk groups include categories of people who, due to the nature of their work or environment, have increased likelihood contact with contaminated blood or semen. Every year the number of infected people increases.
There are several risk groups:
- Drug addicts;
- prostitutes;
- migrants;
- people who received untested blood transfusions;
- doctors.
The largest number of HIV-infected people was recorded among drug addicts and their sexual partners.
Risk of infection in all social groups increases as a result of a single unprotected anal contact (50 per 10 thousand contacts). The number of people infected through such contacts is greater than through traditional sex. Most often this occurs due to the presence of erosions and tumors of the mucous membrane of the genital organs, which reduce human immunity.
During fellatio, the risk of infection of the receiving partner is 0.4–1 (per 10 thousand contacts). This suggests that infections during oral sex occur much less frequently.
Vaginal unsafe intercourse increases this number to 10. Infection usually occurs when mechanical damage membranes of the genital organs. IN in this case the threat of infection increases many times over.
Sometimes patients who have sexual intercourse do not know that they are a carrier of the virus. This is especially common among people of low social status.
Infection due to single contact
If the partner is an HIV carrier, then the consequences of even one unprotected contact can be sad. This greatly increases the likelihood of contracting HIV.
According to clinical statistics for 2017, the most common reason sexually transmitted infections – one-time unprotected sex:
- Among men – 61%;
- Among women – 77%.
Women are most often infected with the immunodeficiency virus, it depends on the structural characteristics of the body.
If there are no reasons that increase the risk of contracting HIV after a single exposure, then the likelihood of developing AIDS is reduced to 1%. However, it should be noted that even if favorable conditions The time of one-time sexual intercourse is not enough for infection, it is better not to tempt fate. There are many ways to stay safe and should not be neglected.
HIV and women
The risk of infection in women is 3 times higher than in men. This can be explained by the fact that the volume of sperm in the vagina is much higher than the amount of female secretion secreted. The surface area that the virus can reach is also significantly higher than in a man.
The risk is reduced if infected partner is on antiretroviral therapy and regularly visits a doctor.
Many women practice coitus interruptus to prevent infection. However, with unfinished intercourse, it is also possible to become infected. If there are erosions or minor inflammations of the genital organs, then short contact without ejaculation is enough for people to become infected from interrupted intercourse.
HIV and men
At unprotected sex men are not as at risk as women. Most often, HIV develops in drug addicts and people who engage in disorderly behavior. sex life. If a man had short sex with an infected girl, he may not become infected. However, if there are injuries to the genitals, the possibility of getting sick increases.
The greatest risk of HIV infection in men is anal sex, because there is a risk of damage to the rectum and the entry of infected blood into the body of a healthy person.
Unconventional methods of infection
There are real risks of infection with non-traditional methods of intercourse. The greatest chance of infection may be during anal intercourse. The receiving partner is especially susceptible to infection.
During oral sex A man's chance of becoming infected is small. The receiving partner takes more risks, but the risks are also not as high as with anal sex. The causes of infection are damage and inflammation of the mucous membranes, gum disease and bleeding wounds after tooth extraction.
If one of the partners is a carrier of immunodeficiency and has damage to the mucous membrane, then the threat of infection manifests itself in any type of sexual contact.
People are often interested in questions about whether there are other routes of infection besides injection and sexual intercourse. Many people are afraid of visiting swimming pools or baths.
However, it should be remembered that you should not be afraid of the virus either in the bath or in the pool. When asked what is the likelihood of contracting HIV when visiting a public swimming pool, experts answer exhaustively – zero.
The fact is that the virus dies almost immediately in water. It does not live long, ending up on household items. For this reason, the virus is not transmitted to humans through towels and dishes. You can only become infected at home if you use shaving accessories. infected person.
HIV prevention
Modern HIV research shows that infection occurs not only through the genitals. There are different ways infection.
Preventive measures that should be taken to avoid infection come down to several actions:
- Condom use;
- lifestyle changes;
- refusal of casual partners;
- refusal unconventional ways sex.
Such prevention methods significantly reduce the risk of disease. Positive people, as a rule, are not susceptible to infection due to a normal lifestyle. Other routes of infection are usually reduced to zero.
If suspicious contact with stranger However, in order to prevent HIV or AIDS, it is better to consult a doctor and get tested just in case. The fact is that neither home nor drug prophylaxis There is no cure for these diseases, and self-medication is fraught with bad consequences.
If sexual contact with a stranger is unavoidable, you can reduce the risk of infection. Most often, the virus is transmitted through wounds, and a person becomes infected through unprotected sex. Therefore, the first thing you need to think about is a condom. This will get rid of infection, but they sometimes tear and slip off the penis, which can cause infection.
Anal sex is considered the most dangerous in this regard, so it is better not to enter into such a relationship with unfamiliar partners. However, if the infected partner takes viral drugs and monitors the regularity of taking medications, then perhaps infection will not occur.
The best way to prevent this disease is to have a permanent and faithful partner. This will protect people from infection for many years.
Knowing everything about this disease and methods of protection and prevention, you can forget about its existence forever.
The risk of contracting HIV in men is slightly lower than in the fair sex. This is due to the structural features of the reproductive system and the location of the pathogenic microorganism. Pathology rarely poses a danger to others. Many people mistakenly believe that the disease is spread by touching or sharing a towel. This is wrong. To understand the peculiarities of the development of pathology, it is necessary to know its etiology.
Characteristics of the pathology
HIV infection cannot occur through saliva, juice produced by the stomach, or urinary fluid. Viral cells do not live in these liquids for more than 5–10 minutes. After this time period he dies.
Pathology is a microvirus that causes destruction immune system person. When an HIV cell enters the bloodstream, it forms chromosomal DNA compounds from its RNA. The resulting molecules are similar to the carrier into whose body the virus has entered. The DNA of the virus causes cells to destroy their own nucleus and produce pathogens.
When the immune system is severely weakened, the virus spreads throughout the body. The pathology occurs in several stages. If the pathology has not progressed to the AIDS stage, the patient can live the prescribed period.
You should also know how HIV is transmitted from person to person. This will help you understand the mistakes of people around you.
Routes of transmission
Risk factors for the virus in men are very low. The only danger is the sexual aspect. Through sexual contact, infection can occur in the following cases:
- Refusal of contraception;
- Anal contact;
- The presence of erosive conditions in the partner;
- Concomitant pathologies transmitted through the genitals.
The main mistake of many young people is uncontrolled sexual contacts. In some cases they are one-time. With a partner you don’t know well, you need to use protective equipment. Many pharmacy kiosks offer a large selection of different condoms. The price range is also varied. Using a condom will help prevent infection various diseases which are transmitted through the reproductive system.
Anal intercourse increases the risk of microcracks in the intestinal mucosa. Blood is the main source of the virus entering the body. If one of the partners has HIV, infection can occur through the wound. The risk also increases if semen gets into the anus. A man's sperm contains several times more viral cells than the mucous secretion of the female vagina.
Erosive conditions in a woman also lead to HIV infection in her partner. When erosion occurs, dead endometrial cells accumulate in the uterus. A strong inflammatory process develops in the affected area. With a complex pathology, a woman experiences intermenstrual bleeding. Erosion in its characteristics is open wound on the vaginal wall. Through this wound, the virus quickly penetrates the mucous membrane of the penis. The man becomes infected.
Concomitant pathologies that are transmitted through the genitals lead to rapid infection of one of the partners. This occurs due to the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the reproductive system. When the course is complicated, the patient develops ulcers on the affected area. The ulcer may bleed. Through it, the virus enters the bloodstream and begins to actively multiply. Once infected with HIV, it is difficult to go into remission.
Modes of transmission also include the use of narcotic substances. Many drugs are introduced into the bloodstream through a syringe. Syringe use leads to HIV infection in 6% of patients. This happens due to the peculiarities of the life of the virus. HIV can live in a syringe for up to half an hour; in a needle it dies in 45–70 minutes. Drug use is one of the causes of defeat modern men pathogenic microorganism. Statistics say that the main percentage of infection occurs among people who use drugs.
Stages of the disease and their features
The pathology is not detected in men immediately after unprotected sexual intercourse. To determine whether infection has occurred, you must wait 12 weeks. During this period, the virus provokes the body to defensive reaction. Antibodies will be detected in the patient's blood. Antibodies are needed by the body to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. In the case of HIV antibodies cannot have a destructive effect on the core of the virus. Cells continue to multiply, the number of antibodies increases.
The pathology occurs in several stages. Doctors distinguish the following main stages of the development of the disease:
- Virus incubation period;
- Exacerbation of the disease;
- Carrier stage;
- AIDS.
The incubation period can last from several days to several months. During this period, no protective cells are found in the man's bloodstream. A person may not know anything about his infection until the appearance of acute condition. IN this period You must be tested for antibodies every three months. When pathogens are first detected, a person is referred for treatment.
The exacerbation stage is accompanied by symptoms similar to rotavirus infection. The patient's body temperature rises significantly. The patient begins to shiver and have a fever. On the second day, diarrhea and vomiting appear. There is an increase in headaches and migraines. The man has muscle weakness, excessive fatigue appears. Many patients confuse the symptoms of the disease with other viral infections. When the symptoms disappear, patients stop panicking and do not seek help from a specialist. This leads to latent isolation of the virus in the host’s body.
The carrier stage is the most common among patients suffering from HIV infection. You can live with that stage for a limited period of time with proper treatment. If therapy is not provided to the patient, AIDS develops. It must be taken into account that patients in the latent stage do not pose a danger to others. The risk of transmission can only occur through sexual contact.
The stage of AIDS is characterized by a sharp decline immune defense all organs and systems. At this stage, patients do not live more than 3–5 years. This is due to the destruction of cells that make up the body's tissues. At this stage, treatment does not lead to remission.
Erroneous transmission paths
Modern people are afraid of patients who are carriers of HIV. This occurs due to a lack of information about the disease. Doctors highlight following paths through which HIV infection does not occur:
- When kissing a carrier;
- Through household items;
- When visiting public places for swimming;
- When the wearer sneezes or has a runny nose.
The virus is not transmitted through kissing. This occurs due to its characteristics. Cells of pathogenic microorganisms die when high temperatures, when exposed to enzyme fluids and with an abundance of oxygen. When kissing, the virus does not enter the patient's saliva. It contains a large amount of an enzyme substance that has a detrimental effect on the virus. Therefore, many carriers lead a normal life.
Many people are also afraid to use a towel or bedding that has been in contact with someone who has HIV. This is a mistake. Infection will not occur even if blood gets on these household items. The virus cells die instantly in air. When washing, death occurs in the first minute of heating the water to 50%.
It is safe to swim in pools and rivers with HIV carriers. The cells of the pathogenic microorganism die instantly in the water.
If we remember that everything melt water fall into rivers and lakes, the amount of enzyme substances in them is high. In swimming pools, special disinfectants. These products lead to the death of all microorganisms that get into the water.
If a person with HIV sneezed next to healthy person, infection does not occur. When you sneeze, a liquid containing enzymes is released onto the surface of the nasal mucosa. Pathogenic microorganisms do not survive in them. The route of transmission through a handshake or touching the skin is also excluded.
Who is more prone to infection?
The risk of developing infection is lower in men than in women. A woman has a certain structure of the reproductive system. Thanks to him, representatives of the fair sex experience faster development inflammatory diseases genitourinary system. Inflammatory processes called in female organs the appearance of microcracks, erosions and other wounds. They are an ideal place for pathogens to enter.
Infection in men can also occur in utero. This becomes possible if the boy's mother is a latent carrier. Modern medical centers obligated all pregnant patients to be tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV. If a pathology is detected in a pregnant woman, she is prescribed special therapy.
Doctors inject special antiretroviral drugs into the mother's bloodstream. These substances stimulate the production of immune defense in the patient. In 95% such mothers are born healthy babies. Observation of the child continues up to 2 years. If the child does not have antibodies during this time period, then he is completely healthy. Such children can attend kindergartens on an equal basis with other children. There is no need to fear infection from the mother. This is impossible by all measures.
The risk of infection may also increase if you receive various injuries. This path is called household.
This includes conducting surgical intervention not with sterile instruments. This happens direct hit pathogenic virus into the patient's blood. Infection also occurs when using reusable medical instruments. For this reason, many clinics have switched to disposable instruments.
There is also a significant risk when transfusing blood fluid or transplanting donor organs or tissues. Such infection can occur if the donor's medical history is not carefully studied. In this case, 90% of patients experience rejection of the donor material.
HIV testing is not mandatory or compulsory. The patient has the right to go this examination without presenting passport data. The procedure is confidential. The results obtained are available only to men. If available positive value, it is necessary to promptly seek antiretroviral therapy. This impact will help you live a long life.
HIV therapy in modern world very successful. Remission is achieved in 70% of patients. To avoid infection, you need to know how the virus is transmitted and follow the rules of protection.
What is the risk of HIV infection in men? This question worries many. HIV, or is a virus that infects the cells of the immune system, as a result of which they cease to perform their functions. It is important for every person to know the mechanism of development of the disease, its clinical manifestations and methods of infection.
Pathogenesis of the disease
The virus enters the body and spreads in the blood and lymph.
Gastric juice, saliva, and urine contain enzymes that can reduce the concentration of the virus to a minimum (which is why it is impossible to become infected through these fluids). The virus cannot exist outside a living organism for more than a few seconds, and also dies immediately at temperatures above 70ºC, at 56ºC - after 30 minutes.
When a virus cell enters the body, it integrates into living cell. It converts its RNA into DNA, then introduces it into the DNA of the host cell, changing T-lymphocytes, forcing it to produce similar viral cells and destroy existing ones. It is assumed that the virus responds to certain T-lymphocyte receptors - CD4 cells.
Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in men
HIV belongs to the genus of lentiviruses with a long incubation period.
For this reason, a person may not be aware of an existing infection for many years, as the symptoms are difficult to distinguish from many other diseases.
There are several stages of development of the virus in the human body:
- Incubation (from 10 to 60 days). Antibodies to HIV are not produced, and it is impossible to determine the presence of HIV in the blood.
- Acute (several weeks). May present with symptoms such as fever, headaches, fatigue, muscle pain, prolonged diarrhea, sharp decline body weight, infection of the upper respiratory tract, herpes.
- Latent or asymptomatic (on average about 10 years, depending on the immune system). In the absence of therapy, it may not manifest itself at all or be accompanied only by a painless enlargement of the lymph nodes. If the infection has not progressed to the AIDS stage, lifelong antiretroviral therapy blocks the development of the infection and allows the patient to live into old age. Without treatment, a person can live 9-11 years before developing AIDS.
- Terminal (AIDS). From the moment of diagnosis without treatment, a person can live for about 1 year, dying from tumors or opportunistic (attack only in severe immunodeficiency) infections that affect almost all body systems.
HIV is diagnosed by a blood test to check for antibodies to the virus. The first analysis is carried out between 2 weeks and 3 months after the suspected infection. A repeat test is carried out six months later.
If the second test gives a positive result, another confirming test is prescribed. The results of the analysis are communicated personally to the patient and are confidential. Compulsory HIV testing is prohibited, except for testing blood and organ donors to avoid infecting others. To monitor the development of the virus, all HIV-positive individuals are regularly tested for immune status and viral load.
Methods of infection with a virus
As described above, the virus cannot exist outside a living organism, at high temperatures and is transmitted only from an infected person through the blood, breast milk or sexual fluids. It is impossible to become infected with HIV:
- Through kisses, since saliva contains enzymes that can destroy or reduce the concentration of viral cells to a minimum amount. In rare cases, there is a small risk of transmission of the virus in the presence of fresh wounds or inflammation in the oral cavity.
- By airborne droplets (sneezing, talking).
- Through sweat, tears, urine (handshake, towel, bed linen, shared toilet).
- For insect or animal bites.
- When swimming in a pool or pond, since the virus dies when it gets into the water.
Sexual route of infection in men
About 70-80% of cases of infection in the world occur in this way. There are risk factors that increase the likelihood of sexually transmitted infection:
- During unprotected sexual intercourse, the likelihood of contracting HIV is highest for both men and women, since the virus is contained in semen and vaginal secretions. Proper Use quality condoms can significantly reduce the risk of transmitting HIV or STDs (sexually transmitted diseases).
- Anal sex increases the risk of infection, since in this case there is a high probability of cracks and inflammation. anus and rectum.
- A passive (receiving partner) is more susceptible to infection than an active one, during any type of sexual intercourse.
- Availability venereal diseases and STDs increase the risk of infection during sexual contact, since they can often be accompanied by the presence of ulcers and inflammation of the mucous membrane, that is, protection skin is disrupted, which makes it easier for the virus to enter the body. The presence of cervical erosion increases the likelihood of infection not only in women, but also in men, since the virus can enter the man’s body along with exfoliated uterine cells.
Women are 3 times more at risk of infection than men for the following reasons:
- a larger amount of the virus enters the female body with sperm;
- its concentration in semen is higher than in vaginal secretions;
- in force anatomical structure Women are more susceptible to inflammation of the reproductive system and contracting STDs, which increases the likelihood of HIV infection.
Other methods of infection
Injection and instrumental methods of infection. This route of infection is most common among people who inject drugs. The reason is obvious: the use of a shared syringe. HIV lives in a heroin solution for about 21 days, in the cavity of a needle - for several days. Infections in this way account for 5-10% of all cases. Instrumental route - infection through undisinfected instruments for tattooing, piercing, manicure.
Blood transfusion and transplantation route of infection. The blood transfusion route is the transmission of the virus during the transfusion of contaminated blood, the transplant route is the transmission of organs. Currently, they account for 3-5% of all cases, as the practice of testing all blood and organ donors for HIV is followed.
Perinatal and milk route of infection. Perinatal (vertical) is the route of transmission of the virus from the pregnant mother to the fetus. Milk - HIV infection through breastfeeding. Account for 5-10% of all cases. Currently, when planning a pregnancy, a woman must take an HIV test, and if the result is positive, therapy is prescribed to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to the child.
After birth, the baby is tested for the presence of antibodies in the blood, but reliable result can be obtained only at 1.5 years, when a mandatory re-analysis is carried out.
Professional and household way infection. As a rule, people are to blame for professional infection with the virus. medical workers in contact with blood, breast milk, seminal or vaginal fluids. This only happens if patients have damaged areas of skin. Is less than 0.01%. In such cases, no later than 72 hours after the suspected infection, aggressive antiretroviral therapy is started, and HIV tests are regularly performed. In everyday life, transmission of the virus in rare cases is possible when sharing shaving utensils or haircut scissors with an infected person.
Treatment and prevention of HIV
It consists in the implementation of antiretroviral therapy, which blocks the virus, which promotes the formation immune cells in the body. If there are concomitant infections, their treatment is required.
In order to prevent HIV infection, it is necessary to take precautions: practice protected sexual intercourse; avoid casual sex; when in contact with liquids containing the virus, observe necessary measures protection; do not take drugs; visit trusted clinics, dentists, cosmetic, tattoo and piercing parlors that have a license, where you will be confident in the thorough sterilization of instruments.
Many people do not protect themselves during sexual intercourse and wrong image life. You can only be calm if you have a permanent partner with whom you want to have a child. In all other cases you need to behave very carefully.
Probability of HIV infection after single unprotected contact
If your partner is a carrier of the HIV virus, then even one unprotected contact with him can have dire consequences. The likelihood of contracting this disease is extremely high. However, infection most often occurs through blood transfusions and breast milk. According to scientific data, with a single unprotected contact it is not so great. But it's definitely not worth the risk. If there are no factors that can increase the risk of contracting HIV during a single sexual act, then the probability of becoming infected is only one percent. However, if abrasions, inflammation of the mucous membranes, as well as erosion of the cervix or menstruation in a woman are observed, the risk increases.
By the way, infection factors include: Unprotected sexual contact is much more dangerous for a woman than for a man. It depends on the characteristics of the female body. There is much more in male sperm dangerous viruses than in female secretions.
Routes of HIV infection
There are several ways:
Sexual intercourse. Be sure to use condoms with partners you are unsure about. However, even this does not provide a 100% guarantee. Please note that homosexual contacts are considered the most dangerous.
Transmission of the virus through blood. This is especially true for drug addicts who use one needle for injection. This route of transmission of infection was the most “famous” in the nineties. Sometimes infection occurs through donor blood. But today there is no need to worry about this, because modern technologies are able to identify this defect.
The routes of HIV infection can be very different. Do not forget that an infected mother will also infect her child. In this case, the baby can become infected even during childbirth.
The virus can also be transmitted through direct contact of damaged skin with biological fluid, such as semen, breast milk or vaginal secretions.
Prevention methods
The likelihood of HIV infection is quite high today. Therefore, it is imperative and as often as possible to prevent HIV infection.
Prevention information is of great importance, especially for adolescents. The more often this problem will be heard, the more people will think about their future. Special attention worth paying attention to healthy image life and drug cessation.
Very important and serious preventive measure is contraception. A condom can protect an uninfected person from entering infected fluids. Therefore, people who are prone to looking for fickle partners should always carry protective equipment with them.
Sterilization is a very important step for an infected woman. After all, very often this disease can pass to the baby. Therefore, an infected woman is recommended to visit a gynecologist.
Emergency prevention
There is always a chance of contracting HIV from a single unprotected contact. By using special medicines you can significantly reduce the risk of disease. If you have had unprotected sex, go to the hospital immediately. You will be assigned a special examination, based on the results of which the doctor will prescribe you a course of treatment using medicines. However, for such measures to be effective, consult a doctor immediately. This must be done within three days. Otherwise, the medications may not have the desired effect.
This treatment is carried out for a month. After which the examination is repeated. Usually everything works out well, but there are also cases with positive result. Then you will have to take a more detailed blood test. And after this, the doctor will select the treatment that is ideal for your case.
However, you should not hope that even by consulting a doctor in time, you will protect yourself from irreparable changes in the body. It’s better to take safety precautions in advance. Try to have sexual relations with only one partner in whom you are absolutely confident.
Signs of the disease in women
Very often women differ, but still the first symptom will be sharp increase temperature. At the same time, you will not notice any signs of a cold or other diseases. Fever usually observed within ten days. After this period, weakness, cough and migraine will be added to it. This may cause a rash to appear all over the body. The spots can come in a wide variety of colors and shades.
Very often, women lose weight, and cases of anorexia are common. In this case, each meal may be accompanied by vomiting and nausea. Most women start complaining about painful course menses. According to doctors, in female body the infection does not develop as quickly as in men.
HIV: infection of men
The first signs of infection do not appear immediately. Ten days after infection, the whole body may become covered in a rash. In addition, the lymph nodes of the cervical and groin area. After some time, you will experience fatigue, decreased appetite and lack of desire to work. The likelihood of contracting HIV from a single unprotected contact increases many times over if the sexual partner is menstruating or has cervical erosion.
If you notice similar signs, go to the hospital immediately. The sooner you do this, the more effective the treatment will be. And don't forget about safety measures. Only you control your life, so do it consciously.