How to treat a streptococcal infection and how to diagnose it? Streptococcus. Symptoms, causes, types, tests and treatment of streptococcal infection Who had streptococci in the throat than were treated

A microorganism such as streptococcus settles on plants, the skin of humans and animals, often causing infectious diseases in them. The peculiarity is that the carrier of the bacteria itself can be healthy, but pass it on to others. If streptococcus causes inflammation in the throat, then this causes diseases such as pharyngitis and tonsillitis.

What is streptococcus and how is it transmitted

From the point of view of microbiology, Streptococcus spices belongs to the bacteria of the lactobacillus family, has the shape of a chain of spherical links, while it perfectly coexists with another microorganism - Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, it is Gram-positive, i.e. stained purple when detected by the Gram method. Like any microorganisms, streptococcus is classified into several types:

• alpha hemolytic;
• gamma or non-hemolytic;
• beta hemolytic or pyogenes.

Alpha hemolytic

This type of streptococcus is also called green because of the ability to produce hemolysis of red blood cells, i.e. give blood a green tint. It causes serious diseases such as peritoneal abscess, infective endocarditis, meningitis, and pneumonia. You can become infected with such streptococcus through direct contact with infected people, using their personal items, and poor hygiene, but the likelihood of this is less than that of other types of this bacterium.

Non-hemolytic

Another name for this type of bacterium is streptococcus viridans, which includes several more types, for example, mitis. Its habitat is the mouth and intestines. This microbe penetrates inside during surgical cleaning or dental treatment and more often causes caries or endocarditis, therefore, together with the alpha species, it is considered less dangerous, but unlike it, it does not contribute to hemolysis of red blood cells.

Beta hemolytic

Group A streptococcus is considered more dangerous and numerous - 49 out of 53 microorganisms belong to this species. Also due to purulent discharge, the term "pyogenic" is applied to it. Another dangerous species is streptococcus agalactia, which belongs to group B and leads to meningitis and sepsis in newborns and pneumonia. This group also includes Streptococcus fecalis and Chaemolyticus. The latter is characteristic of the body of men. Another type of bacterium called streptococcus oralis is harmless during pregnancy only if it is found in the nose and throat, and not in the vagina.

Symptoms of a strep throat infection

If we talk about the skin, then the reproduction of these bacteria causes streptococcal impetigo. The pathology is easily transmitted to susceptible people and manifests itself in small edematous vesicles. Particularly dangerous beta-hemolytic forms in the throat often lead to angina - this is acute or streptococcal tonsillitis. The disease has a high degree of contagiousness and is easily transmitted by airborne droplets. Its symptoms are also characteristic of scarlet fever, only with this disease a red rash is added over the body. Streptococcal angina itself is characterized by the following features:

• sore throat, which is noticeable when swallowing;
• pain in the neck;
• swelling of the mucous membrane of the throat;
• rarely abdominal pain;
• purulent white coating on the tonsils, as in the photo;
• general malaise, chills;
• elevated temperature.

Streptococcus analysis

An analysis for the presence of streptococcus in the throat is indicated for respiratory diseases, especially those accompanied by sore throat. Before the procedure, it is better not to use mouthwashes. In addition to special tests, a doctor may also prescribe general blood and urine tests to determine pathologies in the body and confirm the presence of a microbe.

The doctor at the reception examines the condition of the mucosa to note the presence of swelling and other signs of streptococcus damage. Then the specialist presses the tongue down with a wooden spatula and takes a sample from the tonsils with a cotton swab. The test does not bring pain, only a gag reflex is sometimes noted. In 5 minutes, the specialist conducts a test by placing a test strip, and then reading the result of the presence or absence of streptococcus in the throat.

throat swab

Sowing brings more reliable results, i.e. throat swab. It is taken according to the same scheme as for the rapid test, only the doctor places a cotton swab in a special environment where streptococcus manifests itself as a characteristic growth. When taking an analysis, antibiotic therapy should not be carried out, because this kills the bacterium under study. 2 hours before the procedure, it is not recommended to eat, drink liquids or suck on lollipops. Results often become known after 3-5 days.

Treatment of streptococcal throat infection in a child and an adult

Methods for treating streptococcus in the throat are divided into several areas:

1. Antibacterial therapy, including antibiotics of different groups, such as penicillins, sulfonamides, lincosamides, cephalosporins, erythromycins.
2. Local medicines - sprays, antiseptic solutions, rinses.
3. Antipyretics - Ibuprofen, Paracetamol.
4. Medicines that normalize bowel function after the end of antibiotics, for example, Linex.
5. Taking vitamins, bed rest, and also a special diet with plenty of fluids.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics include the following drugs:

1. "Ampicillin". Antibiotic of the penicillin group. This drug has a wide spectrum of action. Indicated in infectious and inflammatory diseases. The dosage for adults is 500 mg with a frequency of administration up to 4 times. For children up to 20 kg, a single dose of the drug is 25 mg per 1 kg with breaks of 6 hours. The price is from 50 rubles.
2. "Lincomycin". A drug from the lincosamide group. It is used to treat infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria. For adults, the dose is 500 mg 3-4 times daily. Children under 14 years old - 60 mg per 1 kg. Price from 150 rubles.
3. "Sumamed". The drug of the macrolide group, has an antimicrobial effect against streptococci. It is administered orally 1 time per day 2 hours after or 1 hour before meals. The dosage is 500 mg per day for 3 days. Price from 500 r.

Streptococcus is a spherical opportunistic bacterium that can exist in conditions of complete absence of oxygen. Active reproduction of a pathogenic microorganism can cause the development of many heterogeneous diseases, some of which cause formidable complications. What should be the treatment for streptococcus in the throat?

As practice shows, uncomplicated streptococcal infections last no more than 5-7 days. At the same time, medications and physiotherapeutic procedures practically do not affect the duration of the course of diseases. The key goal of therapy is the prevention of local and systemic complications, such as sinusitis, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, rheumatism, etc. The treatment regimen includes antimicrobial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs that prevent the reproduction of gram-positive bacteria and damage to vital organs.

When to be treated?

It is advisable to start treatment of streptococcal infection in the throat when the first pathological symptoms appear. The development of bacterial flora in the respiratory tract may be indicated by: high fever, swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes, dry cough, painful swallowing, redness of the pharynx, runny nose, etc. If you do not fight the infection, on the 5th-6th day of the course of the disease, the occurrence of purulent foci of inflammation in the mucous membranes of the laryngopharynx is not excluded.

The lack of adequate treatment can cause the penetration of streptococci into the systemic circulation, which is fraught with the development of meningitis, glomerulonephritis or sepsis.

Very severe systemic complications usually occur 2-3 weeks after throat infection. Some of them are characterized by damage to the joints, heart, lungs and kidneys. To prevent irreversible consequences, it is advisable to be observed by a specialist for several weeks after the relief of the main symptoms of the disease.

Treatment Methods

How to remove streptococcus from the throat? The classical regimen of therapy includes antibiotics of the penicillin or cephalosporin series. However, it is possible to select specific medications only after receiving the results of bacterial culture from the pharynx. Preliminary diagnostics allows you to determine the sensitivity of the bacterial flora to certain antibiotics. In addition, the specialist must find out if the patient has an allergic reaction to taking antimicrobial agents.

Conventionally, the methods of treating bacterial inflammation in the respiratory organs can be divided into three types:

1. medication;
2. physiotherapy;
3. surgical.

Surgery is prescribed for the treatment of streptococcal infections complicated by purulent tonsillitis, chronic lymphadenitis, paratonsillitis, etc. If the foci of purulent inflammation are not eliminated in time, over time, pathogenic bacteria will lead to severe intoxication of the body and the development of more severe complications - toxic shock syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, endocarditis.

Systemic antibiotics

Antibiotics form the basis of medical treatment of streptococcal flora in the throat. They contain components that either prevent the replication (copying) of the DNA of pathogens or destroy their cellular structures. Taking a course of antimicrobial therapy allows you to eliminate anaerobic bacteria not only in the ENT organs, but throughout the body, which prevents the development of systemic inflammation, i.e. sepsis.

At the initial stages of infection, the patient is prescribed penicillin drugs. In the presence of an allergic reaction to medications, macrolides or cephalosporins will be included in the treatment regimen. The standard course of antimicrobial therapy lasts no more than 7-10 days.

It is impossible to stop treatment prematurely or change the dosage of drugs without a doctor's recommendation, as this can lead to a relapse of purulent inflammation in the throat.

Depending on the severity of the ENT disease, the patient may be prescribed antibiotics in the form of tablets or injectable solutions. To destroy streptococci, systemic drugs are usually used, such as:

• "Spiramycin";
• "Ceftriaxone";
• "Amoxiclav";
• "Macropen";
• "Azitral";
• Fortum.

When taking oral antimicrobial drugs, it is undesirable to refuse the use of probiotics. They allow you to restore the normal microflora in the intestines and thereby prevent a decrease in overall immunity. During the passage of antimicrobial therapy, it is recommended to use "Bifiform", "Linex" or "Apocil".

Local antibiotics

Streptococcus in the throat provokes purulent inflammation of the mucous membranes not only of the laryngopharynx, but also of the nasal cavity. Therefore, in addition to systemic antibiotics, local antimicrobial agents in the form of aerosols, rinses, nasal drops, etc. are often used. They quickly destroy pathogens directly in the foci of inflammation, thereby accelerating the healing process.

Among the effective local preparations with pronounced antiseptic and antimicrobial properties include:

• "Bioparox";
• Grammidin Neo;
• "Geksoral";
• "Sebidin";
• Rinza Lorcept.

Local antibiotics act superficially, so they can only be used as an adjunct to taking systemic drugs.

The above remedies can be used to treat bacterial pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis and other acute inflammations in the upper respiratory tract. It should be understood that some topical drugs contain flavors and dyes that cause allergic reactions. Therefore, in the case of treatment of streptococcal infections in children, you should consult a doctor before using the funds.

Rinsing with antiseptics

Purulent tonsillitis is a serious disease that occurs against the background of the development of streptococcal flora in the palatine tonsils. Purulent inflammation of the tonsils can cause the development of paratonsillitis or pharyngeal abscess. To prevent inflammation of the peritoneal tissues, antiseptic rinse solutions are included in the treatment regimen. Why are they good?

Antiseptics contribute to the disinfection of the mucous membranes and the cleansing of the tonsils from purulent contents. Systematic washing of the oropharynx and tonsils with disinfectants can significantly reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the lesions and thereby accelerate the healing process of tissues. It is recommended to treat streptococcal angina with drugs such as:

• "Chlorophyllipt";
• "Ingalipt";
• "Geksoral";
• "Povidone-iodine";
• "Chlorhexidine".

Before use, rinse solutions should preferably be warmed to room temperature to prevent local hypothermia of the ENT organs.

Regular cleansing of the mucosa from viscous plaque and pus creates unfavorable conditions for the reproduction of streptococci. If you flush at least 3-4 times a day, the main symptoms of inflammation of the tonsils will disappear within 4-5 days.

Expectorants

Dry cough is one of the signs of the development of streptococcal infection in the respiratory system. To reduce the viscosity of sputum and facilitate its excretion, the patient is prescribed mucolytics. Expectorants increase the fluidity of not only sputum, but also purulent exudate that accumulates in the foci of inflammation. Reception of mucolytics promotes the removal of purulent mucus from the laryngopharynx and nasal cavity.

To normalize the biochemical composition of mucus and reduce its density, it is usually used:

• "Fluimucil";
• "Mukaltin";
• "Flavamed";
• "Serevent";
• "Lazolvan".

With the help of expectorants, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, etc. can be treated. The excretion of mucus, which contains a large number of streptococci, allows you to increase local immunity and thereby speed up the healing process.

Antihistamines

How to treat streptococcal infections? It should be noted that streptococcal flora causes infectious-allergic reactions in the respiratory tract. In other words, the waste products of streptococci provoke an allergy, as a result of which the mucous membranes swell. To reduce the severity of allergic reactions, it is advisable to use antihistamines.

Antiallergic drugs must be included in the treatment regimen for ENT diseases in young children. The child's body is susceptible to allergization, therefore, without taking appropriate medications, the development of pharyngeal stenosis, and in some cases even asphyxia, is not excluded. Allergy symptoms stimulate the synthesis of so-called inflammatory mediators, which greatly increase the severity of inflammatory reactions in the respiratory system.

To alleviate the course of bacterial inflammation, the patient is prescribed:

• "Loratadin";
• "Fenistil";
• "Ebastine";
• "Tsetrin";
• "Acrivastin".

Some antiallergic drugs should not be taken in parallel with antibiotics, as this can lead to disruption of the cardiovascular system.

To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions, women during gestation can only use Clemastin or Fexofenadine.

NSAIDs

NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can be used in the treatment of streptococcal infections. They have pronounced analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, which helps to eliminate acute pain in the throat, swelling of the mucous membranes and high temperature.

When choosing medications for children, they are mainly guided by the likelihood of allergic reactions. At the moment, only two medicines meet all safety criteria - Paracetamol and Ibuprofen. For the treatment of adults, the range of pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory agents is expanding. To reduce the severity of symptoms of inflammation, you can use:

• "Strepfen";
• "Nurofen";
• "Tanflex";
• "Oralcept";
• Flurbiprofen.

KUF therapy

CUV therapy is one of the methods of phototherapy, during which the nasal cavity and laryngopharynx are irradiated with short-wave ultraviolet radiation (CUV). Light therapy is one of the most effective physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of infectious inflammation. UV radiation has a destructive effect on the cellular structures of streptococci, which leads to their death and, accordingly, a decrease in inflammatory reactions.

Indications for phototherapy are:

• tonsillitis;
• chronic rhinitis;
• sphenoiditis;
• rhinosinusitis;
• sinusitis;
• ethmoiditis;
• laryngitis.

How does UV radiation affect the body? Ultraviolet rays provoke mutations in the genome of streptococci, as a result of which their DNA loses the ability to replicate. Violation of the reproductive function of bacteria inevitably leads to their death and a decrease in the severity of symptoms of intoxication - loss of appetite, headaches, chronic fatigue, apathy, etc.

Important! You can not resort to phototherapy with impaired cerebral circulation and mental disorders.

To achieve a clear improvement in well-being, physiotherapy is carried out in courses. In the treatment of acute inflammation in the throat, it is recommended to carry out at least 10-15 sessions of KUV therapy. Due to the fact that short-wave irradiation has a bactericidal, immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory effect, the effect of physiotherapy will be obvious after 3-4 procedures.

ethnoscience

Alternative medicines are used as an adjunct to conventional drug treatment for bacterial infections in the throat. To reduce the number of streptococci in the respiratory tract, rinse solutions based on chamomile, eucalyptus, echinacea, rose hips, hops, etc. are used.

Sanitation of the oropharynx normalizes redox processes in tissues and thereby accelerates the regeneration of affected mucous membranes. To prepare an antiseptic solution, you can use the following recipes:

1. using a blender, grind 20 g of dry string and pour ½ boiling water over it; gargle with strained infusion 3-4 times a day;
2. chop the fruits of hops and pour 2 tbsp. l. raw materials ½ warm water; bring the liquid to a boil and strain through cheesecloth;
3. 15 g of willow bark pour 300 ml of water and bring to a boil; add 2-3 drops of sea buckthorn essential oil to the strained broth.

Fresh onions and garlic have immunostimulating properties. They are recommended to be consumed during meals in anticipation of seasonal diseases. Vegetables contain phytoncides and tannins that inhibit the activity of opportunistic microorganisms, which greatly reduces the risk of developing bacterial inflammation in the throat mucosa.

Streptococci are bacteria belonging to the lactobacillus family. Under the microscope, you can see that streptococcus has a spherical shape.

There are three forms of bacteria, however, infection of the ENT organs occurs due to the reproduction of precisely hemolytic types.

Streptococcus is found in the throat of any normal person, but the onset of an infectious disease provokes its strong reproduction, which is fraught with the onset of inflammation.

Causes of streptococcal infection

In babies, the causes of angina and pharyngitis of a streptococcal nature are:

• primary infection;
• Weakened immunity.

Adults get strep throat due to:

• Smoking;
• Heartburn;
• Reduced immunity;
• Taking glucocorticosteroid drugs;
• Passing a course of chemotherapy.

what do streptococci look like

The negative impact of streptococci on the human body is due to their ability to produce toxic substances in the process of life. These toxins are poison for human cells and are of several types:

• Streptolysin - destroys blood cells and heart tissue;
• Erythrogenin - dilates blood vessels;
• Leukocidinin - negatively affects white blood cells, thereby harming the immune system;
• Enzymes that help bacteria proliferate in the body.

Streptococcus in the throat can cause the following pathologies:

• Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process affecting the mucous membrane of the throat;
• Tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils;
• Tracheitis - an inflammatory process in the trachea;
• Scarlet fever is an infectious disease accompanied by symptoms of a sore throat and a rash;
• Angina is an inflammation of the throat.

Accompanying ailments to streptococcal throat infections with delayed or inadequate treatment are often:

• Rhinitis - inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
• Otitis - inflammation of the ear or both ears;
• Sinusitis - an inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses of the nasal passages;
• Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi.

Symptoms of infection in children and adults are different.

The incubation period of the disease is on average 2-3 days.

In adults, the symptoms are blurred, with a relatively small increase in temperature.

Symptoms of a streptococcal infection are:

• General malaise;
• Loss of appetite;
• Increase in general body temperature (38.5-39o C);
• Secretion of mucus from the sinuses of a characteristic yellow-green hue;
• Nausea, sometimes vomiting (these symptoms are very rare in adults);
• Enlarged cervical lymph nodes;
• Aches in the joints;
• Sore throat when swallowing and even at rest;
• dry mouth;
• Dry cough, perspiration;
• Headache;
• Tonsils are red with a purulent coating or individual abscesses.

In the absence of timely treatment and the start of antibiotic therapy, tracheitis may develop.

Streptococcal throat infection in children develops at lightning speed: at first it is a slight chill and weakness, and an hour later it is already high fever accompanied by the brightest symptoms.

In infants, the following symptoms are possible:

• Capriciousness;
• Loss of appetite, complete rejection of the breast or bottle;
• Temperature;
• Vomit;
• Yellowish or greenish mucous discharge from the sinuses;
• Drowsiness;
• Enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

In children, a streptococcal throat infection sometimes turns into scarlet fever, in which, in addition to the above symptoms, there is peeling of the skin and a rash all over the body.

Hemolytic varieties of streptococcus can penetrate the embryo, often causing miscarriages in the early stages. Pregnant women are required to take antibiotics. If this is neglected, the baby may be diagnosed with meningitis, sepsis, or pneumonia in the first days after birth.

Before childbirth, a control smear from the vagina is taken for sowing. If streptococcus is detected in a future mother during laboratory tests, there is a risk of infection of the child during natural childbirth.

Complications after a streptococcal infection include:

• Abscess peritonsillar;
• Sinusitis, otitis;
• Rheumatism;
• Pneumonia;
• Endocarditis;
• Lymphadenitis;
• Sepsis;
• erysipelas;
• Meningitis;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• osteomyelitis;
• Pathology of the CNS.

throat swab

Diagnosis of staphylococcal infection is made on the basis of a survey of the patient in order to identify his characteristic symptoms. The doctor also prescribes the following tests:

• Electrocardiogram;
• Analysis of urine;
• Blood analysis;
• Sputum analysis;
• Throat swab.

It occurs more often in the cold season (autumn-winter), when there is a massive decrease in immunity.

Both children and adults are equally susceptible to diseases, but the latter tolerate tonsillitis and pharyngitis more easily.

Tonsils are now extremely rarely removed, since antibacterial substances do an excellent job with the infection.

In what situations it is still necessary to remove the tonsils:

• If the baby is often sick with streptococcal infections (5 times a year);
• If the tonsils have grown to a size that threatens the baby with suffocation.

They treat the disease with the help of medications that can be combined with folk methods.

It is necessary to treat streptococci in the throat in a complex way:

1. Antibiotic treatment: penicillin, aminopenicillins, cephalosporins (Amoxicillin, Flemoxin Solutab, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone). If there is an allergy to penicillin antibiotics, lincosamides or macrolides are used (Azithromycin, Spiramycin, Erythromycin, Roxithromycin). Antibiotics are taken by mouth, or by intramuscular or intravenous injection. Only a doctor has the right to prescribe the exact dosage of funds. Normally, the course of antibiotic therapy should last at least 10 days;
2. Streptococcal bacteriophage is used for the selective destruction of streptococci. It is often prescribed for babies with laryngitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis and other diseases of the nasopharynx in order to maintain normal microflora and remove pathogenic bacteria. The bacteriophage is prescribed instead of antibiotics, and not together with them, in the process of treatment it removes the main symptoms of the disease;
3. Treatment with local antibacterial agents:
   • Bioparox - an inhaler with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects;
   • Tolzingon N - drops for oral administration with extracts of medicinal herbs and plants. Relieves inflammation, swelling, fights viruses;
   • Geksoral - spray or liquid for rinsing the throat;
   • Octenisept - antibacterial spray with a wide spectrum of action;
   • Aqua Maris - spray for washing the sinuses and throat, consisting of 98% sea water;
   • Strepsils lozenges have analgesic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects;
   • Streptocide is a powerful antiseptic, in the treatment of angina, it is poured into the throat in the form of a powder or simply chewed on a tablet;
4. Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs:
   • Paracetamol effectively relieves fever. When taken by children, there are a number of contraindications, which can be found in the instructions for the drug;
   • It is undesirable to take Analgin and Aspirin, especially for children, since these drugs are prohibited in a number of countries and can cause serious illness (Reye's syndrome, agranulocytosis);
   • Ibuprofen (children's version - Nurofen) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Allows you to get rid of heat and pain, relieves inflammation. For the treatment of babies, this is the best remedy;
5. Treatment of strep throat infection with gargles:
   • Chlorhexidine solution;
   • A solution of baking soda (1 teaspoon per cup of boiled water);
   • Rinsing with a weak solution of manganese;
   • Rinse with a decoction of chamomile;
6. Treatment of tonsillitis by washing the tonsils (carried out by qualified medical staff);
7. Throat infections can be treated with inhalations:
   • Steamed boiled potatoes;
   • Pairs of herbal decoctions;
   • With saline in a special apparatus (nebulizer inhaler);
8. It will be much easier to treat streptococci if the patient is well hydrated;
9. Treatment can be supplemented with vasoconstrictor nasal drops (Nazivin - for children, adults - Sanorin, Naphthyzin);

1. Take 10 rose hips, mash them in a mortar, put in a saucepan, add 10 g of raspberry leaves, brew it all with 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave for an hour. Then drink as desired. The decoction has an excellent immunostimulating and diaphoretic effect, has collected a lot of positive feedback from patients;
2. Mix 10 g of willow bark with 10 g of dry raw materials of the ordinary string, pour 0.5 l of boiling water, let cool. Gargle with the resulting infusion;
3. Chew pieces of propolis;
4. Mix beetroot juice from 2-3 fruits with 10 g of apple cider vinegar, dilute with water in a ratio of 1:10, gargle with the resulting solution every 3 hours;
5. A solution of apple cider vinegar (1 teaspoon per 0.5 l of boiled cool water), judging by the good reviews, can also be used to treat streptococci.

In our time, a vaccine that does not give complications to the heart, kidneys and other vital organs against streptococci has not yet been invented.

1. Do not contact or minimize contact with sick streptococci;
2. Observe the rules of hygiene (wash hands);
3. temper;
4. No smoking;
5. Do any sport regularly.

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infectus.ru

From birth, a person constantly interacts with the microcosm surrounding him. Bacteria are the main inhabitants of this world. And we have no choice but to put up with their existence. Sometimes it can cause a lot of problems.

Streptococcus in the throat is a common thing for all people. What kind of streptococci does not exist: green, pyogenes, viridans, mitis, hemolytic and non-hemolytic. What does not happen is streptococcus aureus: only staphylococcus is golden.

Streptococcus is the most common group of bacteria. Presented:

• on household items;
• on the skin;
• on mucous membranes;
• in the digestive system.

There are many types of streptococci. Some of them may not yet be open at all. The most pathogenic for the human respiratory tract are:

• Streptococcus hemolytic (pyogenic);
• streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).

Hemolytic streptococcus is able to destroy blood cells (carry out hemolysis). As a rule, when they talk about streptococcus, they mean exactly this variant of it. Can cause a wide range of purulent-inflammatory diseases:

• Respiratory diseases;
• abscesses and boils;
• inflammation of internal organs;
• sepsis.

Pneumococcus is the main causative agent of pneumonia, otitis, bronchitis, sinusitis.

Streptococci, unlike staphylococci, are less stable to temperature and disinfection effects, and also respond better to antibiotic therapy.

There are also non-hemolytic streptococci. For example, the greening species "mitis" lives in our mouth and, according to some sources, is responsible for the development of dental caries. Another green streptococcus - "viridans" - is a normal inhabitant of the mucous membranes, is not a pathogen.

There is no particular reason why these bacteria appear in the throat. We get them in a variety of ways:

• With inhaled air;
• with thermally unprocessed food;
• because of unwashed hands;
• playing with pets (bacteria are present on their fur);
• with kisses (bacteria live in our mouths), etc.

It is impossible to protect yourself from streptococcus. Along with other microorganisms, they are invisibly present in our world and certainly live in our upper respiratory tract. Even if we assume that we get rid of him for good, then by the end of the day he will again begin to “colonize” us.

Despite the constant presence of streptococcal bacteria in our airways, most of the time we feel healthy. This suggests that the bacteria are not pathogenic, or that they are in a conditionally pathogenic state. Their development and spread is restrained by the power of the immune system, which invisibly protects us.

Streptococcal throat infection can be contracted if the balance of power between microbial attack and immune defense is disturbed.

The imbalance can be caused by:

• Spraying large amounts of pathogenic bacterial particles by another person;
• neglect of hand washing;
• use of other people's personal hygiene items;
• the use of food products not subjected to heat treatment (including ready-made store salads);
• any respiratory viral infection;
• recurrent herpes infection;
• hypothermia;
• immunodeficiency states.

In isolation, each of the above factors cannot lead to the development of a staph infection in the throat. Otherwise, all the doctors who deal with infected patients (and there is no vaccine for streptococcus) would often get sick. However, this does not happen.

Conversely, children whose immunity is not yet perfect can get a strep throat infection without coming into close contact with a carrier.

Thus, it is possible to become infected with streptococcal infection. But this requires the simultaneous layering of several factors. For example, a person infected with the herpes virus, having become cold, having come into contact with a carrier of a streptococcal infection in the throat, is more likely to get sick.

Doctors believe that it makes no sense to talk about the quantitative norm of streptococcus in the throat. The development of the infectious process depends not so much on the number of bacteria in the throat, but on the ability of the immune system to restrain their spread.

The norm of streptococcus in the throat is a relative indicator. For each person, in accordance with his individual immunity and the balance of the microflora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, the value of the norm can fluctuate by orders of magnitude.

On average, it is believed that from 10 to 3 degrees to 10 to 5 degrees of CFU / ml, most people have on their mucous membranes. But even 10 to 6 CFU of staphylococci per ml may not lead to the development of an infectious process.

On the other hand, a throat swab is taken when an abnormal bacterial environment is suspected, the patient complains about his condition, and an inflammatory process in the throat is obvious. In this case, receiving in the analysis 10 to the 6th degree CFU / ml, such an amount is considered to be an excess of the norm (if the amount of any other microbe is not significantly exceeded).

Hemolytic streptococcus is conditionally subdivided according to the ability to cause the destruction of blood cells:

• Alpha - partially destructive;
• Beta - completely destructive;
• Gamma is non-destructive.

Beta-hemolytic streptococcus causes the most harm.

Streptococcus is a bacterial purulent infection that can cause numerous diseases and their corresponding symptoms.

Streptococcal diseases related directly to the throat:

• Pharyngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• scarlet fever.

Signs of streptococcus with angina

• A sore throat;
• inflammation (enlargement) of the tonsils;
• pustules appeared, necrotic foci on the tonsils;
• fever (may be very high);
• general intoxication (weakness, headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue).

Streptococcus with scarlet fever

• All signs of angina;
• a typical scarlatina rash on the body - on the sides, in the groin, on the face;
• the appearance of specific "grains" in the tongue, the raspberry of the tongue.

Diagnostic methods

A throat swab is required to determine the nature of the infection. The medium obtained with the smear is subjected to laboratory cultivation. After that, bacterial colonies are studied, their number is counted, and an antibiotic sensitivity test is performed. Standard analysis is done within 5 days.

But, since streptococcal bacteria are sensitive to all antibiotics, and the acute process does not allow waiting several days, in most cases external signs of the disease are sufficient to prescribe treatment.

The main treatment for streptococcus in the throat is antibiotic (systemic, local). Additionally, local immunomodulators are prescribed.

The type of bacterium for treatment does not matter. Both alpha and beta hemolytic streptococcus in the throat are treated in the same way.

How to treat streptococcus:

• local antibiotics;
• systemic antibiotics;
• both local and systemic at the same time.

A topical antibiotic traditionally used for bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract is Bioparox Spray. It is sprayed into the throat 4 times 4 times a day. The standard course of treatment for streptococcus in the throat is 7 days. With positive dynamics, it can be increased.

Recently, a lot of negative noise has been raised around this drug, in particular, about its insecurity and the possibility of complications due to the suppression of the entire microflora of the throat. Despite the fact that Bioparox has been used for more than 50 years, in some countries it has been decided to abandon its use. In Russia, Bioparox is attributed, as Aspirin was once attributed. In our country, this remedy continues to be the gold standard in the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases.

With streptococcal infection in the throat, accompanied by fever, significant inflammation of the tonsils, systemic antibiotics are indicated. Streptococcal bacteria are sensitive to a simple and long-used antibiotic - penicillin. To cure streptococcus, penicillin agents are used, for example:

• Ampicillin;
• Amoxicillin;
• Amosin;
• Hyconcil;
• Amoxiclav.

As a rule, penicillin preparations are prescribed 500 mg three times a day for 7-10 days.

Penicillins are toxic not only for streptococcus, but also for the entire intestinal microflora. After a course of penicillin, you need to consume more fermented milk products. An additional intake of eubiotics and probiotics that normalize the intestinal microflora (eg, Lineks) is possible.

We should not forget that, in addition to suppressing the bacterial microflora, in order to get rid of streptococcus in the throat, it is necessary to stimulate the immune response system. Local immunomodulators are shown:

• Imudon;
• IRS-19.

If the development of streptococcal infection in the throat occurred against the background of a viral disease, systemic immunomodulators are indicated:

• Ingavirin;
• Ergoferon;
• Cycloferon and others.

Traditional medicine can be used as an additional to the standard medical treatment of streptococcus in the throat.

In addition to the antiseptic effect, these tinctures contribute to the physical washing out of bacteria from the mouth, from the tonsils, and the palatine uvula. They can be prepared at home or purchased ready-made in a pharmacy.

A good tonic and restorative effect is provided by herbal preparations of Altai and the Caucasus.

Treatment of streptococcus in the throat in children has no fundamental differences from the treatment of an adult infection. Antibiotic dosages should be reduced. Immunomodulating agents for the treatment of children are not used. The safe spray Aqualor for the throat has also proven itself well in complex treatment.

Pregnant women are traditionally a difficult group of patients when it comes to infectious diseases. In general, all antibiotics during pregnancy are undesirable. Macrolides are considered the safest for the treatment of streptococcus in the throat of a pregnant woman:

• Spiramycin;
• Rovamycin.

Hexaspray antiseptic spray is effective and has no contraindications for pregnant women.

Streptococcus viridans in the throat of a pregnant woman does not need to be treated specifically. It is part of the non-pathogenic microflora of the oral and throat mucosa.

Without treatment, a streptococcal infection from the throat will move into the lower respiratory tract and cause:

• laryngitis;
• tracheitis;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia.

Streptococci can enter the middle ear cavity through the auditory tube and cause otitis media.

Do not do it:

• Overheating or hypothermia;
• leaving the house for a long time;
• self-treatment in severe cases.

Streptococcal infection is dangerous for its complications. Dr. Komarovsky talks about the features of its distribution, treatment and prevention.

Streptococcus most of the time quite peacefully coexists with people. A person can get sick if his immunity is reduced or after contact with a streptococcal patient.
The most common throat diseases caused by streptococcal bacteria are pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
Streptococcus can descend into the lower respiratory tract - cause laryngitis, tracheitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia.
Treatment for a strep throat infection is always antibiotics.
The prognosis of treatment is favorable.

www.pulmonology.com

strep throat infection

Streptococcal infection is a group of diseases caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus, which has the ability to destroy blood cells, penetrate the blood, brain, respiratory tract, genitourinary system or ENT organs and cause the development of many diseases, including tonsillitis (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, scarlet fever). There are several types of streptococcus, but in 70% of cases, beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A becomes the cause of inflammation in the throat and pharynx.

Streptococcal throat infection is an acute or chronic disease in which inflammatory processes occur in the throat and pharynx, with damage to the tonsils and upper respiratory tract. The causative agent of the disease is considered to be group A streptococcus, which is present in the body of almost every person, but shows its activation only under certain conditions.

Gamma hemolytic streptococcus refers to bacteria that are present in the mouth, intestines, respiratory system, but they do not harm our body. Beta-streptococci are considered dangerous for the human body, which, after penetrating the cells, provoke the development of inflammatory processes with a high risk of complications. Pathogenic streptococcus secretes toxic enzymes that penetrate the bloodstream, lymph and spread throughout the body, affecting internal organs and systems. It is streptococcus toxins that cause pronounced symptoms and symptoms of intoxication, which are present during the development of angina or scarlet fever.

Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus

The immune system after the introduction of streptococcal infection is unstable, which can cause repeated inflammatory processes or the development of complications.

Diseases of the throat and larynx of infectious origin in 70% of cases are caused by streptococci, which are in a safe amount on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. However, under certain conditions, when there is a shift in the immune system or a person has direct contact with a sick person or a carrier of streptococcus, the pathogenic bacterium is activated, which ultimately leads to the development of tonsillitis (tonsillitis), pharyngitis or scarlet fever.

Infection with a streptococcal infection of the throat can occur in several ways: airborne droplets, household contact, or through close contact with a sick person. However, not all people suffer from infectious diseases of the throat. The fact is that the likelihood of morbidity directly depends on the state of local immunity of the tonsils. The weaker the local immunity, the more likely it is to get a streptococcal throat infection. In cases where general immunity is reduced, a streptococcal infection of the throat can manifest itself against the background of predisposing factors: hypothermia, allergic reactions, or adverse environmental conditions.

streptococcus in throat

After the penetration of streptococcus into the mucous throats, it begins to actively multiply, which leads to the inability of the local immunity of the tonsils to overcome the bacterium. When streptococcus overcomes the barriers of local immunity, it enters the bloodstream, releases toxins, and, together with the bloodstream, spreads throughout the whole body, causing inflammation and general intoxication. The inflammatory process in streptococcal infection of the throat, by its nature and course, can cause catarrhal, follicular, lacunar or necrotic inflammation, which explains the appearance of angina, its form and severity. After all, it is known that angina happens: catarrhal, lacunar, necrotic or purulent and follicular, it can also occur in acute or chronic form. With the development of one of the types of angina, a streptococcal infection penetrates not only into the blood stream, but also into the lymph nodes, where it causes their acute inflammation.

The main reason for the development of a streptococcal infection of the throat is considered to be a decrease in local or general immunity, which is unable to resist pathogenic microbes. Provoking factors for the development of streptococcal throat infections include:

• Hypothermia of the body;
• Decreased immunity against the background of other internal diseases;
• Mechanical injuries of the oral cavity, throat, larynx;
• dental diseases;
• Diseases of the nasal mucosa: sinusitis, sinusitis, chronic rhinitis.

There are other reasons that can cause inflammation in the throat, but in any case, a strep throat infection requires immediate treatment under the supervision of a doctor.

The causative agent of streptococcal infection (streptococcus) releases toxins that poison the human body, which causes intoxication and severe symptoms. The main clinical signs of a streptococcal throat infection are:

• temperature rise to 38 C and above;
• headache, muscle weakness, body aches;
• plaque on the tongue and tonsils;
• a sore throat;
• dry cough;
• redness, hyperemia of the tonsils and posterior palate;
• the appearance of purulent plugs - characteristic of follicular or necrotic tonsillitis;
• punctate, itchy rash - characteristic of scarlet fever;
• lowering blood pressure;
• an increase in submandibular lymph nodes;
• general intoxication of the body.

Symptoms of a streptococcal infection in the throat

A strep throat infection (tonsillitis or scarlet fever) requires immediate treatment. Untimely or poor-quality treatment of streptococcal infection in the throat often leads to complications: glomerulonephritis, myocarditis, rheumatism, brain damage, pneumonia and other severe pathologies that are difficult to treat and can often lead to disability or death.

It is possible to identify the causative agent of the disease and the cause of the development of the disease only after the results of the examination. The attending physician must exclude other diseases that have similar symptoms to streptococcal infection: diphtheria, measles, rubella, infectious munocleosis, and only then make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. The following examinations will help determine the type and stamp of the pathogen:

1. blood chemistry;
2. Analysis of urine;
3. bacteriological culture;
4. electrocardiography.

Diagnosis of streptococcal infection in the throat

The results of laboratory examinations, the collected history of the patient, as well as an examination of the nasopharynx will help the doctor to get a complete picture of the disease, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment for streptococcal throat infection.

Treatment of streptococcal throat infection is carried out on an outpatient or inpatient basis, it depends on the degree of the disease, the diagnosis, the age of the patient, the risk of complications and other characteristics of the human body. The main treatment is antibacterial therapy, which is aimed at the destruction of the pathogenic pathogen, the elimination of the inflammatory process. Of the antibacterial drugs, doctors most often prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics: erythromycin, drugs of the penicillin group, erythromycin, cephalosporins. These drugs include: Augmentin, Ampicillin, Penicillin, Sumamed, Fromilid, Macropen. Such drugs are available in different pharmacological forms: tablets, capsules, suspension for children or ampoules. If complications are suspected or in severe cases, the doctor may prescribe penicillin antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, bicillin-3, bicilli-5 in the form of ampoules for intramuscular or intravenous administration. Antibiotics are taken 3-4 days after the treatment of streptococcal infection in the throat is carried out with penicillin preparations. The course of treatment is 5 - 7 days. The dose of drugs is prescribed depending on the age of the patient, body weight and other characteristics of the body.
Antibiotics for strep throat infection

Together with antibiotics, you need to take probiotics that will protect the intestinal microflora from the development of dysbacteriosis: Linex, Laktovit, Bifi - forms and others.

In addition to taking antibiotic therapy, the patient is prescribed other drugs:

• Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: Paracetamol, Ibuprofen;
• Antihistamines: Suprastin, Tavegil, Loratadin.
• Spray for the throat - relieves inflammation, has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic properties: Oracept, Ingalipt, Kameton, Proposol.
• for sucking - have the same effect as a throat spray: Faringosept, Decatilen, Trachisan, Strepsils, Lisobakt.
• Vitamin therapy, immunotherapy - allow you to provide the body with the necessary nutrients, increase immunity, speed up the healing process.
• Mucolytic, antitussive drugs - are prescribed for dry cough, which is often a companion of angina and scarlet fever: Ambroxol, Lazolvan, Sinekod and others.

All drugs should be prescribed by the attending physician and only after the results of the examination and diagnosis. In addition to drug treatment, patients are prescribed bed rest, heavy drinking, and lack of physical activity. Efficiency in the treatment of streptococcal infections is considered to be gargling with antiseptic solutions (Furacilin, Dekasan) or herbal decoctions with anti-inflammatory effect: chamomile, calendula, oak bark. Some herbal plants used in the treatment of infectious diseases of the throat can cause an allergic reaction, so you should consult your doctor before using them.

In cases where conservative treatment does not give positive results, and exacerbations appear more often, then the tonsils, which should protect us from infection, become its source. In such cases, the doctor recommends surgery to remove the tonsils.

Complications of a streptococcal throat infection

It is important to note that a strep throat infection cannot be treated without antibiotics. The absence of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of streptococcus in 90% of cases will lead to complications. Treatment of infectious diseases of the throat caused by pathogenic streptococcus should be carried out at the first symptoms of the disease and only under the supervision of a physician. Self-medication can not only not bring the desired results, but also provoke the development of complications. The sooner treatment is carried out, the greater the chances of a successful recovery.

You can reduce the risk of contracting a streptococcal throat infection if you follow certain rules:

1. Immunity boost.
2. Lack of contact with a patient with angina.
3. Avoid hypothermia.
4. Proper and balanced nutrition.
5. Treatment of other diseases of infectious or non-infectious origin.

Compliance with elementary preventive measures will not be able to completely protect against the disease, but they can reduce the risk of infection.

AntiRodinka.ru

Throat diseases most often appear due to the activation of certain groups of bacteria, streptococcus is no exception. He, like his other "colleagues", sits in ambush and waits for the right moment for his full-fledged activity. Streptococcal throat infection is quite insidious, so timely treatment will prevent dangerous complications.

When a person is healthy, the immune system works like a clock, all pathogenic microflora behaves satisfactorily, peacefully coexisting with the human body. As soon as you “pick up” a virus or catch a cold, streptococcus in the throat can immediately make itself felt.

Currently, three types of streptococcal hemolytic infection are found:

1. gamma group bacteria. Their favorite place of localization is the gastrointestinal tract and the oral cavity. Gamma bacteria like to be present in normal microflora in acceptable titers. As a rule, this type of streptococcus does not cause the development of infectious processes;
2. beta group bacteria. They live and breed in the throat. They are provocateurs of all forms of angina, pharyngitis, scarlet fever, meningococcal infection, sepsis. According to statistics, the beta group is the main source of infectious processes in the pharynx and lower respiratory system. Doctors in question are also called pyogenic;
3. alpha group bacteria. In principle, they are harmless, and peacefully "live" in the oral cavity and pharynx. Activation occurs only with a strong decrease in immunity and complications in untreated infections. As a result, endocarditis and other inflammatory processes in organs and tissues may develop.

Treatment of all types of streptococcus in the throat will help prevent sore throat, pharyngitis, as well as reduce the likelihood of developing bronchitis, pneumonia, erysipelas and streptoderma. Despite the fact that streptococcus "sits" in the throat, it often causes meningitis, glomerulonephritis, rheumatism, and other dangerous diseases.

A weakened immune system cannot resist the spread of viruses and bacteria, the titer of microbes begins to exceed the permissible norms, the volume of colonies of streptococcus and the like is expanding, as a result, a person becomes the owner of dangerous diseases.

Hemolytic group beta streptococcus in the throat is very dangerous and at any moment, especially during epidemics, when the patient's body is weakened as a result of the flu or virus, it can activate and cause complications.

The mucous throat as a result of smoking, eating a large amount of spicy and sour food, alcoholic beverages becomes damaged and susceptible to pathogenic microflora, hence viral and bacterial diseases occur.

Streptococcal infection also spreads as a result of long-term use of hormonal agents, the release of gastric juice back into the esophagus, with autoimmune diseases, and chemotherapy.

In medicine, there is such a thing as nosocomial infection. This is when employees or patients become infected in a healthcare facility. Such an infection has stable forms and is difficult to treat with medication. After the sanitation of the foci, temporary stabilization is observed, i.e. titers of pathogenic microflora fall to the maximum allowable, and after a few weeks everything returns to normal.

Group B streptococcus is also dangerous for newborns. During passage through the birth canal, sometimes babies become infected if the baby's mother has a streptococcal infection in the vagina in dangerous amounts.

Therefore, since Soviet times, a child immediately after birth is given antibacterial drops in both eyes for prophylactic purposes. This procedure helps prevent streptococcal, staphylococcal, gonococcal infections in children in the conjunctiva of the eye, and in the throat, in the first days of birth, streptococcus rarely develops. The probability of infection in childbirth, without prophylactic instillation, is 50%.

Streptococcus in the throat of a child and adult patients can be activated when they are in contact with already sick people or carriers of streptococcal infection for a long time. In this case, isolation of healthy people and immediate treatment of a potential "pest" is needed.

Infection occurs by airborne droplets or through daily use items: toys, dishes, bedding, etc. Dry and hot air in the room also contributes to the spread of streptococcus and provokes throat diseases.

After the introduction of a streptococcal infection, the first symptoms appear in the throat after 2-3 days. In children, the clinic is more pronounced, the symptoms of the disease are growing more rapidly. Adults also note the appearance of soreness in the throat, but the course of the disease in most cases is less acute reactivity. So, streptococcus in the throat and other organs is manifested by such complaints:

• headache;
• hyperemia and soreness of the posterior wall and the region of the tonsils;
• purulent raids;
• perspiration and dryness;
• the appearance of white lumps when examining the throat in the mirror (at home);
• pain when swallowing;
• coughing;
• swelling of the tonsils or back wall;
• enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes;
• an increase in body temperature (in children sometimes reaches 40 degrees);
• lack of appetite;
• nausea;
• weakness;
• aches in the joints;
• twisting in the calf muscles;
• pain in the heart and kidneys;
• intoxication in a complicated form of the disease;
• rash (in children it is necessary to exclude scarlet fever).

Strep throat infection, if left untreated, leads to severe complications. The number one source of all these troubles is streptococcal, or less often staphylococcal tonsillitis, more often of a chronic form. The infection gradually smolders, spreading toxins through the bloodstream, and when the body is weakened, we all have the “charms” of the pathological process in the body.

Of course, it is easier to treat a streptococcal infection in an acute form, while there are no chronically advanced stages. Antibacterial therapy started in time allows you to completely get rid of the disease. In chronic processes, regular relapses of the disease are observed from two or more times a year.

Symptoms are sometimes hidden, the patient may be disturbed only by fatigue and a slight increase in temperature in the evenings up to 37–37.1 degrees. Years of ongoing infection in the throat can signal bad breath.

To treat a strep throat infection, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are used. In the chronic form of the disease, pre-sowing is carried out from the pharynx to determine the pathogen, and only then begin antibacterial treatment.

What you need to know about streptococcus

The most severe complications include the following diseases:

• sinusitis;
• inflammation of the middle and inner ear;
• lymphadenitis;
• bronchopneumonia;
• paratonsillar abscess;
• retropharyngeal abscess;
• myocarditis;
• endocarditis;
• glomerulonephritis;
• osteomyelitis;
• meningitis;
• rheumatism.

Complications that occur in the organs of the respiratory system usually appear 5-7 days after streptococcus activation. This pattern is a consequence of the lack of treatment with antibacterial agents. As for pathologies such as endocarditis, glomerulonephritis, rheumatism, they are observed after a certain period, approximately 10–20 days from the onset of the disease.

In order to prevent the occurrence of dangerous pathologies or to identify them in time, it is necessary to pass a general blood and urine test 10 days after suffering a sore throat. This diagnostic will determine if there is an inflammatory process in the body, and check the condition of the kidneys after the infection. Leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, elevated ESR, shift of the leukocyte formula to the left - a clear inflammation. Protein, cylindruria, an increase in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the urine indicate damage to the glomeruli of the kidneys, i.e. The patient is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Bronchopneumonia can become a dangerous complication. Their insidiousness lies in the fact that the infection can also affect the pleural cavity. As a result of such processes, pleurisy or pleural empyema occurs.

The combination of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections lead to generalization of sepsis, and this is a step towards death.

Rinses, inhalations, anti-inflammatory tablets and lozenges will not solve problems with streptococcus alone. The only effective treatment is the use of antibiotics. Ideally, choose the right remedy based on the bacterial culture.

The course of treatment with antibacterial drugs is from 7 to 14 days. Sometimes intramuscular or intravenous administration of drugs is required. In case of primary infection, they resort to drugs of the penicillin series. Only the doctor is engaged in the selection of the drug, taking into account the age, weight and severity of the course of the infectious process.

If the patient has intolerance to penicillins, macrolides, for example, azithromycin or erythromycin, as well as drugs of the cephalosporin group, can be used:

• suprax, cephalexin,
• moxalactam, ceftibuten,
• cefazolin, ceftriaxone and others.

In scarlet fever, macrolides and cephalosporins remain the drugs of choice. The latter are used in more severe forms of the disease. Antibacterial therapy for scarlet fever lasts from 14 days or more, depending on the severity of the disease. In particularly unstable and difficult cases, therapy is supplemented with aminoglycosides.

After the acute period of the disease subsides, the lacunae are washed with antiseptics using special devices. The course requires at least 5 washes twice a year.

Streptococcus often recurs after a course of antibiotics. Then you should change the tactics of treatment, it is possible to replace the antibiotic, undergo additional examinations and involve an immunologist in solving the problem.

Immunization today has not lost its relevance. In relation to streptococcus, vaccines are being developed, but so far scientists have not achieved certain results. Animal studies have shown a number of negative aspects with the introduction of streptococcal vaccines. Provocations of severe immune responses were observed, which in turn led to damage to the internal organs in experimental animals. Therefore, such a vaccine cannot be categorically used for humans.

The only prevention of the development of streptococcal infection is the raising of immunity. You need to pay attention to the following points:

• dress according to the weather;
• Healthy food;
• harden;
• exercise measured physical activity;
• observe the hygiene of the body and home;
• quit bad habits.

Traditional medicine is used in combination with the main antibacterial treatment. Their task is to help destroy the bacterial flora, relieve inflammation, weaken the manifestation of the disease, raise vitality and restore immunity. Against the background of the use of folk remedies, patients note the minimum development of complications, which makes it possible to carry out treatment without harm to the body.

To combat streptococcus, the following recipes were selected:

• buy fresh propolis from beekeepers. Take a small piece in your mouth and chew slowly for about 5-10 minutes. Continue the procedure three times a day for two weeks. Then a break for two weeks, and repeat the treatment again;
• prepare a drink "Health": cranberries + rose hips (200 grams each). Add 10 raspberry leaves to them. Pour the mixture with a liter of boiling water and keep on low heat for 5 minutes. We insist 1.5 hours. We drink 200 ml during the day;
• gargling: 10 grams of string + 10 grams of willow bark (mix everything), pour boiling water in an amount of 300 ml. We insist about two hours. Gargle three times a day;
• water infusion of beets will help relieve inflammation in the throat. To do this, beet pulp is diluted 1: 1 with water. Insist 5-7 hours. The prepared infusion should be gargled three times a day. It is recommended to add a teaspoon of homemade apple cider vinegar to rinses. Healers also advise taking beetroot water inside 20 ml twice a day.

From the moment of birth, a person is surrounded by bacteria. To date, there are up to a trillion known! Streptococci are one of the most common bacteria. They live everywhere - on the skin, on clothes, on objects that we use, in the digestive tract, in the respiratory system.

Most often, inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract of a person are caused by these bacteria. Certain types of streptococci are constantly in the body and are harmless to humans, they are part of its microflora.

However, today we are interested in the type of bacteria that provoke the onset of inflammatory processes in the throat - hemolytic streptococcus. These bacteria can carry out hemolysis (destruction of blood cells). In this case, the blood medium turns green.

Their transfer occurs continuously - we can get them through contact with other people by airborne droplets, ordinary touch, through the things of a patient or carrier of an infection, and even with a kiss.

Moreover, this type of bacteria can be in the body for a long time in a calm state. To start the inflammatory process, hypothermia, overwork, weakening of the immune system is enough. It is mainly our immune system that keeps them in check.

Upon contact with a sick person, a huge number of bacteria literally attack the body. Even with a slight weakening of immunity, streptococcus in the throat quickly begins to multiply, provoking an inflammatory process.

Classification of hemolytic streptococci

Only a doctor can diagnose a bacterial disease. To do this, a swab is taken from the throat, which makes it possible to determine by a laboratory study the amount of deviation in the number of streptococci from the norm. A method such as the detection of antibodies in the blood based on the analysis is also used.

Causes of infection

It is known that these bacteria constantly surround a person. In order for the disease to be activated, the coincidence of two or more factors is most often necessary:

• weakening of the immune system;
• contact with the patient;
• recurrence of herpes;
• poor hygiene;
• viral infection;
• hypothermia.

This suggests that there is a high probability of getting sick, for example, when communicating with the patient and using the dishes that he uses. If a person in contact with a carrier of an infection, for example, a sore throat, is also sick with herpes, the likelihood of the disease increases.

Angina caused by hemolytic streptococcus

The symptoms of this disease are familiar, most likely, to everyone:

• pain when swallowing solid food and liquids;
• fever (may be significant);
• headache;
• general deterioration, weakness;
• submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged;
• the presence of purulent foci on the tonsils;
• redness of the tongue.

How to treat?

In the general case, complex treatment is prescribed based on antibiotics, more often penicillin (Amoxicillin, Bicillin) or tetracycline, antipyretic and auxiliary agents.

Strict adherence to bed rest and a full course of treatment are prescribed. Stopping an antibiotic prematurely can cause staphylococcus aureus to become resistant to the drug. You should definitely study the instructions and take the medicine, following it and the doctor's prescription.

If side effects occur, the drug is stopped and another one is immediately prescribed, most often Erythromycin. Self-medication and taking medications that “helped someone” are excluded.

Antipyretic drugs are prescribed when the temperature rises more than 38 degrees. Immunomodulators are used as adjuvants.

During a sore throat, children and adults are shown to drink plenty of water. Well help treatment and folk remedies:

• Propolis. Children in the absence of allergies can chew propolis. For adults, propolis tincture has proven itself well in the following proportion: 20 g of propolis per 100 g of alcohol. Leave the resulting mixture for at least ten days in a dark place. After that, it lubricates the throat and palatine tonsils.
• It is useful to drink warm tea with honey.
• Mix one tablespoon of aloe juice with a teaspoon of honey. Take a quarter teaspoon 40 minutes before meals.
• Antiseptic rinsing with calendula, eucalyptus and chamomile works well. The material is taken in a ratio of 1:1:1.
• Gargle with beetroot juice at least five times a day.
• Lemon helps in the initial stage of angina. You can just eat it before meals.

Angina is dangerous not only in itself, but also with complications, both during the illness and after it. In order to avoid abscesses, rheumatism, heart failure, arthritis, it is very important not only to start treating angina in a timely manner, but also to complete the treatment.

Streptococcal pharyngitis

The disease is more common in children and adolescents. The symptoms are similar to those of a sore throat. However, with it, pain in the throat is observed when swallowing solid food. A frequent companion of pharyngitis is a cough. If the disease is severe, hospitalization is recommended.

Streptococcal pharyngitis requires long-term treatment, mainly as a result of the presence of concomitant diseases. It is based on antibiotics in combination with vitamins, expectorants and antipyretics.

Good results are obtained by Hexoral, a local antibiotic and Fusafungin, used for irrigating the throat. The complex treatment also includes rinsing with furatsilin, inhalations.

Folk remedies

1. Treatment with propolis (similar to the treatment of tonsillitis).
2. To relieve cough, you can use Mukaltin dissolved in warm milk. 3 tablets per 150 g of milk. Take 1 tablespoon at night.
3. Gargling with a solution of sea salt is recommended even for pregnant women.
4. Inhalations with infusion of linden flowers.
5. Eucalyptus rinses.
6. Inhalations based on raspberry flowers and leaves.

Scarlet fever against the background of hemolytic streptococcus

Most often, children suffer from scarlet fever. In addition to the symptoms characteristic of angina, a sign of this disease is a profuse red dotted rash.

The temperature with scarlet fever rises to 39 degrees. There is a characteristic pallor of the skin around the nose and mouth.

Most often, the doctor prescribes bed rest and home treatment. Isolation of the patient is desirable.

How to treat?

• A course of antibiotics is prescribed for at least six to ten days.
• Rinsing with furatsilin and antiseptic infusions based on calendula, chamomile, sage, eucalyptus are shown.
• Plentiful drink.
• It is advisable to take food in a mashed form.

After recovery, the doctor usually prescribes a urine test. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the presence of complications.

Complications

Early complications:

1. Otitis.
2. Sinusitis.

Late complications:

• Arthritis.
• Lymphadenitis.
• Myocarditis.

An analysis of diseases caused by hemolytic streptococcus indicates, first of all, that they should be poured only under medical supervision. Improper treatment is the most common cause of complications.

Streptococcus is considered one of the most common bacteria that is present in the human body throughout its life. It is present on the skin and mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in the respiratory system.

Streptococcus is also present in the human throat, and during normal functioning of the immune system does not cause the development of pathologies. With a decrease in the protective functions of the body under the influence of streptococcal infection, various types of pathologies can be diagnosed in a person, among which the most common are and. Treatment of streptococcus in the throat is carried out both with the use of drug therapy and alternative methods.

Bacteria such as streptococci are present on the skin and mucous surfaces of any person. The most dangerous types of bacteria belong to group A, and all the rest can also be pathogenic, but the diseases that arise under their influence can be quickly and easily cured without any complications.

A dangerous bacterium of group A is pathogenic streptococcus, which provokes the development of an inflammatory process in the throat, which is accompanied by the accumulation of a large amount of pus. In this case, diseases such as can develop.

Often in patients, hemolytic streptococcus is also detected in the throat, which also belongs to group A. The active life of such a microorganism in the throat leads to the development of a disease such as a sore throat. Usually, with effective treatment, such diseases quickly resolve and the patient recovers, but sometimes they can provoke the development of various types of complications affecting the sinuses and ears.

Another common inhabitant of the human throat is green streptococcus, which in most cases does not cause the development of any disease.Despite this, it is able to penetrate into the heart tissue and cause the development of pathologies such as endocarditis. It is for this reason that when diagnosing green streptococcus in the throat, it is necessary to immediately begin drug therapy, which will avoid the development of unpleasant consequences.

The main method of transmission of bacteria from one person to another is considered to be direct contact with each other, that is, the airborne route.

In rare cases, streptococcus enters the human body through dirty food or dishes. Such transmission routes in most cases lead to the development of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, that is, the throat.

There are certain factors that provoke the development of throat diseases:

• severe hypothermia
• decrease in the protective functions of the body
• mechanical injuries in the area or throat

The development of pathology begins from the moment the pathogenic microorganism penetrates into the upper layer of mucosal cells. This allows the streptococcus to awaken a special protein that has a suppressive effect on the cells of the immune system.

Symptoms of pathology

Usually the incubation period of the bacterium lasts from 1 to 4 days. The severity of the clinical picture usually depends on the age of the patient.

In the event that children are sick, the disease develops quite rapidly. Mild chills and malaise end with the appearance of pronounced symptoms. In children under 1 year of age, the following signs of the disease may appear:

• the child becomes too moody and often cries
• refuses any food and stops breastfeeding
• rise in body temperature
• yellow and green mucus begins to stand out from the nasal cavity
• bouts of nausea and vomiting occur

Older children can already talk about what worries them. Usually the child becomes lethargic, sleep is disturbed, appetite decreases and increases in the neck. In addition, older children develop the following symptoms:

• pain in the throat
• increased dryness of the mucosa
• frequent headaches
• itching and coughing

Upon careful examination of the throat, you can notice the staining of the tonsils in a bright red color, as well as the formation of pustules. With the intensive development of purulent processes, the patient's well-being worsens even more, and signs of general intoxication of the body increase.

In the event that the patient is diagnosed with streptococcal, then appears. Gradually, it turns into a wet one, but in the absence of effective treatment, a disease such as quickly develops. When a rash appears on the skin in children, we can talk about the development of such a disease as scarlet fever. In adults, streptococcal infection is much more severe and is accompanied by all of the listed signs.

Medical therapy for pathology

Treatment with antibacterial drugs is prescribed for children and adults who have pathologies such as scarlet fever. In addition, the passage of antibiotic therapy is indicated for those patients who have been diagnosed with the presence of such a bacterium in the body.

It is necessary to take antibiotics immediately after identifying the disease, which will help prevent the development of various complications. In addition, such drug therapy helps prevent the spread of infection to nearby organs and tissues.

When an uncomplicated infection is detected in a patient, it is usually possible to get rid of it in a week. Treatment of streptococcal infection does not require the patient to be placed in a hospital, with the exception of difficult situations.

Treatment of streptococcus in the throat begins with a study on certain types of pathogens and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

Of the variety of antibiotics, choose the one that will be safer and more effective.The main goal of the ongoing antibacterial treatment is the complete destruction of the pathogen. This allows you to get rid of unpleasant symptoms, prevent the spread of bacteria throughout the body, and prevent complications.

Drug therapy for streptococcal infection includes the following methods:

• performing antibiotic treatment
• appointment of immunocorrection
• carrying out physiotherapy

The fight against streptococcal infection is carried out with the help of:

• penicillins
• macrolides
• aminopenicillins
• cephalosporins
• lincosamides

Treatment with antibacterial drugs allows several times to reduce the risk of developing various complications. In addition to general antibiotic therapy, local preparations are prescribed. Most often, to eliminate streptococcal infection, gargling is prescribed with special ones that have an antiseptic effect.

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It is considered the simplest and most effective drug. With its help, it is possible to get rid of pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of the pharynx and tonsils, and it acts for several hours. In the acute period of the disease, it is necessary to rinse with furatsilin as often as possible every half hour. After 3-4 days, it is recommended to gargle with an antiseptic solution at intervals of 5-6 hours. This method of treatment allows you to reduce the number of bacteria on the surface of the throat mucosa, and this helps to prevent their penetration into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body.

Treatment of streptococcal infection also includes an increase in the protective functions of the body. For this purpose, vitamins, microelements and immunomodulators are prescribed. Carrying out physiotherapeutic procedures improves local blood circulation and speeds up the patient's recovery process.

Folk methods of treatment

The main method of combating streptococcal infection is antibiotic therapy. However, ordinary food products, as well as infusions and decoctions based on medicinal herbs, also have such properties.

H Traditional medicine offers the following treatments for streptococcal infections:

1. An effective remedy in the fight against diseases of the throat is blackcurrant, which is considered a source of vitamin C. You can grind the berries until a puree is formed, which must be eaten at a time. Such treatment must be continued for three days, after which the amount of berry puree should be halved and consumed according to this scheme for another week.
2. It is recommended to eat fresh onions and garlic daily. This method of treatment is not entirely pleasant, however, with its help it is possible not only to reduce the number of streptococci in the throat, but also to improve the entire body.
3. You can prepare a medicinal decoction from a series according to the following scheme: 2 tablespoons of dry grass must be carefully chopped and pour 400 ml of boiling water over it. The resulting mass should be left to infuse and after it has cooled, it must be filtered. The prepared infusion should be consumed 1/2 cup several times a day.
4. For you can use a medicinal solution prepared according to a folk recipe. Mix 10 grams of willow bark and string in a small container and pour 300 ml of water over them. The resulting mixture must be infused for 2 hours, then strain and use to gargle.

In order to get rid of a streptococcal infection as soon as possible, it is recommended to combine alternative methods of treatment with drug therapy.

Most often, complications develop after streptococcal pharyngitis, as well as in those patients who have weakened immunity.

On the 4-7th day after the onset of the disease, early complications may develop in the form of:

• lymphadenitis
• pneumonia

2-4 weeks after the imaginary recovery, late complications may develop due to the lack of antibiotic therapy or non-compliance with the prescribed treatment. Most often, patients are diagnosed with:

• osteomyelitis
• meningitis
• endocarditis
• acute rheumatism

With the development of streptococcal bronchopneumonia in a child, there is an intensive growth of foci of inflammation and gradually they merge with each other. Such pathologies can turn into pleurisy and necrotic lung diseases. With the development of such a pathological condition in premature babies, a fatal outcome usually occurs.

Unfortunately, today there is no vaccine against streptococcus. In this regard, it is recommended, for preventive purposes, to monitor the hygiene of your home and body, play sports, eat well and avoid contact with sick people. In the event that a person is still sick, then it is imperative to consult a specialist, and not self-medicate.