Personal qualities are innate or acquired characteristics of a person’s character. Some may change throughout life, especially under the influence of society, while others remain unchanged. There is a widespread belief among psychologists that many personal qualities are formed in the first five years of life, and subsequently they are only adjusted.

Innate personal qualities include various character traits. For example, Cattell includes among them the level of intelligence, characteristics of perception and memory, talent for music, drawing, etc., as well as the fundamental characteristics of temperament.

Jung had a similar opinion on this issue and divided all people into eight main types according to their personal qualities: he divided extroverts and introverts into feeling, sensing, intuitive and thinking. It was this approach that was taken into account when creating the Myers-Briggs test, which is based on four components: introversion - extroversion, awareness - intuition, judgments - sensations, reflections - feelings.

The choice of profession for certain personal qualities deserves special mention. According to psychologists, a person who has an unsuitable character for a particular job will not succeed in it. Moreover, each profession has its own desirable and undesirable personal qualities, which is also important to take into account.

For example, a successful entrepreneur must have such qualities as independence, hard work, adequate self-esteem, responsibility, courage, sociability, reliability, and stress resistance. At the same time, he should not be characterized by aggressiveness, tactlessness, or self-doubt. The teacher must be observant, demanding, tactful, balanced, attentive, able to explain the material well, but not withdrawn, prone to aggression, unpunctual, or irresponsible.

Sources:

• what are good human qualities

Tip 2: What qualities should an entrepreneur have?

An entrepreneur is a person who independently organizes his own work. Accordingly, he earns his own living. To do this, he must have many necessary qualities.

Business qualities

An entrepreneur, as a person who decides to work for himself, must have courage. He is responsible for the entire organization, as well as document flow. The entrepreneur is personally responsible for all work results.

Only determination will allow an entrepreneur to open his own business. An indecisive person will continue to work for others.

If employees are employed, then he must make regular social security payments. As a result, a businessman must be responsible and conscientious towards his employees. Dishonesty can turn against the employer himself.

The ability to forecast is an important quality for an entrepreneur. Before starting his own business, he must analyze the population's demand for goods and services. An incorrect forecast can cause the whole business to collapse.

A businessman must plan his activities several steps ahead. This will help him foresee different options for the development of a given situation.

An entrepreneur must be easy to learn. In addition to solid basic knowledge, he will have to constantly master new areas of business, and this is associated with a large amount of information. A businessman needs not only to successfully master them, but also to competently apply them in his work.

Business acumen is one of the main qualities of an entrepreneur. It manifests itself in the integrity with which a businessman defends his point of view on certain issues. He must be confident in his position, only then will he succeed.

Personal qualities

A businessman must be sociable. It is the ability to quickly find a common language with people that will allow him to establish the necessary connections necessary for a successful result in his work. To do this, an entrepreneur needs to be a versatile person.

Stress resistance is an important quality for a businessman. He must react quickly to changing conditions and quickly make the right decision. This will require him to have restraint, composure and the ability to navigate the current situation.

An entrepreneur must take care of his appearance. This will have a positive effect on establishing business connections. In addition, he must be a model for his subordinates not only in dress, but also in punctuality. It is impossible to get employees to accurately complete a task if the manager does not demand this from himself.

Literacy is also an essential quality of a businessman. Correct oral and written speech, competent presentation will add respect to the personality of the entrepreneur. Good knowledge of your business will also be an important point in running a business.

The method of transmitting information is divided into 2 types: verbal and non-verbal. Verbal form as a way of communication between people includes human speech. Nonverbal communication includes facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.

The concept and essence of verbal aggression

The interaction of people, namely: the transfer of information, the exchange of feelings and impressions through verbal contact is called verbal communication. When communicating, people not only share information about an object, event or phenomenon, they also express their attitude towards it. This is the essence of communication: participants in a dialogue strive to influence each other, trying to convince of their point of view or evoke certain emotions. An aggressive communicative act in this case is characterized by the fact that the participant in the conversation acts as an aggressor and expresses his thoughts, feelings, and emotions with the help of verbal aggression.

Verbal aggression is a way of expressing negative emotions using words. It should be noted that speech is a universal means of communication between people. Thus, verbal aggression is characterized by negative speech influence. Therefore, a person’s destructive behavior, in which he expresses his attitude to a situation by shouting, insulting, swearing or threatening, is referred to as verbal aggression.

Verbal aggression is considered behavior because it can cause mental disorders and deviations. Often, vivid manifestations of verbal aggression border on physical violence. The reasons for aggressive verbal behavior are a person’s dissatisfaction, disagreement or contradictory attitude towards the current situation.

In general, the goal of the aggressor is to attract attention, subjugate one’s will, and increase the aggressor’s self-esteem by belittling the dignity of the opponent’s personality. It should be noted that hidden manifestations of verbal aggression, for example, cruel jokes, indirect condemnation or accusations, are classified as weak manifestations of aggression.

Human behavior can be conscious and unconscious, thus, verbal aggression can also be used by the aggressor both purposefully and unintentionally. Verbal aggression (crying, hysteria) can be used as a means of manipulating the behavior of the interlocutor. For example, an aggressor tries to evoke pity and sympathy in order to get what he wants.

Scope of verbal aggression

People encounter aggressive speech every day: in a store, work environment, transport, on the street. Verbal aggression and the manifestation of hostile emotions occur even in the family: criticism, reproaches, accusations. Parents should avoid displays of verbal aggression, because children learn a similar pattern of behavior.

Aggressive communication is common among children, in particular orphans and children from single-parent families. Such children are more prone to antisocial behavior as a result of psychological trauma. Isolation from parents, lack of love and approval lead to a distorted worldview and sense of self for a teenager.

It is known that the level of aggression in adolescents is directly dependent on self-esteem. The desire for leadership and a feeling of superiority over others are characterized by pronounced verbal aggression. Verbal aggression can manifest itself as a means of defense in cases where a teenager feels insecure and feels the hostility of others.

Speech aggression must be learned to be controlled, and negative emotions must be transformed into positive ones. For example, it is recommended to direct internal tension and negative feelings into sports, creative and constructive activities. Psychologists recommend not to succumb to the aggressor’s provocations and not to respond with verbal aggression.

In job advertisements you can often see such a requirement for the applicant - communication skills. What this quality is and why it is so necessary for successful work in a team is not difficult to understand - the ability to interact with others, establish business and friendly contacts.

In general, communication skills, that is, the ability to find a common language with others, is a necessary quality both in any work and in personal life. For some lucky people, this skill is innate or instilled from early childhood, while others have to cultivate it on their own. This is not as difficult to do as it might seem. Even an uncommunicative, self-absorbed person can easily become sociable; all that is required for this is his desire and awareness of the importance of communicating with others.

Can every sociable person be called sociable?

Not every sociable person can be called sociable. A tiresome person can be sociable, a talker who distracts from work, or a brawler looking for a reason for a long squabble. Meeting such people is undesirable either in a team or in a family. Some try to replace business qualities with excessive talkativeness - they are even pleasant to talk to, they always have an interesting story, gossip, an anecdote ready... And only after an hour spent chatting with such a person, you realize that this hour was wasted completely uselessly.

Likewise, a closed, taciturn person will not necessarily turn out to be a gloomy silent person. He will briefly and clearly explain to his subordinates what is required of them, give a clear report to the boss, and answer the question asked clearly and to the point, without being distracted by extraneous topics. Such a person can hardly be called sociable, but such an employee in a team is a gift for all colleagues... except for those who prefer closer, trusting relationships.

What is true communication skills?

For a truly sociable person, communication is pleasure. It doesn’t matter to him who he’s talking to or what he’s talking about, what’s important is the process itself and exactly the topic that’s being discussed at the moment. He knows how not only to speak, but also to listen, not only to absentmindedly agree, but also to argue with a lively desire to defend his point of view without offending his interlocutor.

Also, a sociable person is distinguished by flexibility in communicating with different groups of people, the ability to tune in to the wavelength of a child, an old person, and a complete stranger. The ability to quickly and appropriately find or change the topic of conversation, avoiding conflict situations. It is thanks to these qualities that they are indispensable during business negotiations and friendly conversations. At the same time, a sociable person is not necessarily a leader, but he always has authority in the team.

It is necessary to cultivate communication skills, and it is not so difficult to do. The first rule is to never avoid communication. Always answer questions, don’t be shy to ask, to clarify. And be sure to expand your area of ​​knowledge and vocabulary, for which there is a great opportunity - reading and communicating with sociable, pleasant people.

Personality qualities are a distinctive set of traits inherent in a person, expressing the uniqueness of states, psychological processes, aspects of character and behavioral patterns in society or the natural environment. The qualities of a person’s personality are always personal. They have quantitative characteristics, as a result of which they are measured by degree, stage of development or level.

A personal set of traits is simultaneously characterized by stability (at the time of measurement) and dynamism, in other words, they remain in constant development (over the years of a person’s existence). Their production and transformation are determined by many conditions of a biological and social nature. Their appearance and further development are significantly influenced by the spirituality of the individual.

What it is

The personal qualities of people are the so-called personal “attributes” of a person, influencing all possible aspects of his life, from the choice of daily wardrobe to professional preferences. Simply put, these are innate characteristics and acquired character traits. Some personal parameters can be modified due to the influence of society and life circumstances, while others remain constant. There is an opinion among psychologists that most personality traits are formed in the first five years of a baby’s existence; in subsequent years they are only subject to adjustment.

Innate personality traits include various character traits. So, for example, Cattell lists among them the peculiarities of the processes of memorization and perception, memory, musical or artistic talent, and the fundamental properties of temperament.

In turn, Jung followed a similar theory and divided people according to their main subtypes into intuitive, feeling, sensing, thinking.

Personal characteristics are especially influential when choosing a professional field. Most psychologists claim that a person who has an unsuitable character for a chosen activity will never be able to achieve success in it.

Moreover, each area of ​​employment is characterized by a separate set of desirable personality qualities and undesirable ones. For example, a successful businessman needs the following “attributes”: hard work, independence, determination, adequate self-esteem, courage, responsibility, initiative, and communication skills. In addition, such parameters as uncertainty, aggressiveness and tactlessness should be absent.

The teacher must have observation, an adequate level of exactingness, and tact. He should be balanced and attentive, but at the same time it is better for him not to have a tendency towards aggressive manifestations, not to be withdrawn, irresponsible and unpunctual.

All qualities inherent in a personality and revealed throughout its existence are connected in pairs. They have a positive component and a negative color in accordance with their orientation.

The basic qualities of a person show the specificity of mental phenomena, characteristics and states of a person, express his character traits, aspects of temperament, originality of behavior, originality of interaction with society, the environment, and his own person. Simply put, they show the individual psychological attributes of a person. Also, these qualities include the subject’s skills, knowledge and abilities.

A person who knows what personal qualities there are can identify them in himself in order to chart a course and ways of corrective work.

In addition, such knowledge will help to better understand loved ones, colleagues and simply surrounding subjects, will contribute to optimal interaction with society and the preservation of relationships.

Thus, it is necessary to know your own personal characteristics in order to understand how to further develop yourself. Whereas understanding the characteristics of other subjects is important for determining compatibility and suggesting what kind of relationships can be established.

Positive qualities are usually maintained and steadily developed; most people diligently try to get rid of or correct negative ones.

At the same time, the division of personal qualities into parameters with a positive color and with a negative component is very arbitrary, since it is based on generally established moral standards. It should be understood that the non-black component will not be white, therefore personality characteristics cannot be divided into good qualities and bad parameters.

Traditionally, the following are considered negative personal qualities: deceit, duplicity, irresponsibility, neglect, aggressiveness, rudeness, intemperance, laziness, sloppiness, rudeness, hatred, excessive selfishness, inertia, weak character, sloppiness, uncertainty, resentment, cowardice, greed, coldness, indifference , excessive self-criticism, envy, vindictiveness, and many others.

The listed traits give rise to corresponding behavior. For example, a lazy subject is lazy in any activity, and an irresponsible person invariably lets others down.

The presence of the above negative parameters harms both their owner and society and close people. However, they are perfectly amenable to correction. With a little effort, you can improve your own life, relationships with loved ones, colleagues, and simply become happier.

Among the positive components of an individual’s personality are the following: kindness, compassion, empathy, hard work, responsibility, patience, peacefulness, diligence, friendliness, culture, morality, reliability, unselfishness, directness, truthfulness, confidence, intelligence, prudence, optimism, determination, cheerfulness , energy, accuracy, attentiveness, tenderness, caring. There are many more traits with a positive color than listed, as well as negative components.

The listed parameters with a “+” sign generate the appropriate skills and abilities in the work environment, personal interaction, and social life.

From the above list of qualities with negative and positive connotations, it is clear that there are traits that express a person’s attitude to society, work, the world, and things. This is because a person’s individual set of characteristics is found in everything, from his friendly relationships to his manner of dressing.

There are no people who are entirely composed of “good” qualities, but there are a huge number of individuals in whom positive traits prevail. At the same time, each individual has the power to minimize the number of negative qualities in himself, replacing them with positive antagonists.

Social and psychological qualities

Every day people have to interact with society, expressing their own communication skills and a complex of socio-psychological personality traits.

The concept of “personality” already presupposes a certain quality, since each subject must independently develop a personality in his own person. No one is born a person right away. This process of formation is influenced by a lot of circumstances and, above all, upbringing, the street environment, and living conditions.

Socio-psychological personal parameters are developed as a result of the influence of interaction with surrounding subjects, the result of which is the emergence of formed beliefs and social demands regarding oneself and society.

Psychological traits and social characteristics are formed subject to the presence of communicative interaction with social subgroups. The social characteristics of a person reflect his fundamental traits, which allow people to occupy certain positions in society.

Social and psychological parameters in the structure of personality divide individuals into three types: athletics, picnics and.

People belonging to the first type have the traits of a socially energetic personality who strives to be in the circle of attention. An athlete wants to gain the trust of others and take a leading position in the social environment. Such personalities are quite expressive.

People of the second variety quickly adapt to new conditions. They build relationships with surrounding individuals in society, based on the ability to freely express their own beliefs, interests, principles, while avoiding conflict situations.

People belonging to the latter variety are characterized by low sociability. They do not strive to acquire connections, relationships and new acquaintances.

Social and psychological qualities of a person are determined by:

– interests and needs, the degree of rapid switching from one to another or their stability, insignificant content of interests and needs, or vice versa;

– the level of integrity of such a worldview and personal attitudes;

– the degree of awareness of one’s own purpose in the social environment;

– an extraordinary manifestation of a complex of various qualities.

Thus, for a prosperous life, a person should invariably develop social traits and psychological qualities in his own personality. Since the level of socio-psychological parameters of the individual has a direct impact on performance.

Volitional personality traits

Many would undoubtedly like for everything in life to happen naturally, so that they don’t have to make an effort. However, everyday life dispels their dreams. After all, every day people have to solve many problems, they face a lot of difficulties and they have to constantly make efforts.

Even going to the nearest supermarket is already a bit of effort. At the same time, in order to move forward and develop, people act, but each subject chooses the path of progress individually. Its length and speed along it are most often determined by the individual’s attitude towards difficulties, how much he intends to overcome in order to achieve the goal.
Simply put, on this path a person uses his own volitional qualities.

The volitional personality traits include the following:

– determination (the ability to instantly identify a goal and the trajectory of its implementation, even in extreme circumstances);

– determination (confident progress towards the intended goal, determination to devote time and make efforts in order to achieve it);

– perseverance (the ability to bring a new task to a consistent completion, not to deviate from the plan, not to look for an easier path);

– courage (overcoming confusion and fear while soberly understanding potential dangers);

– self-control (self-control, the ability, through the will, to restrain one’s own actions that interfere with the implementation of the plan);

– discipline (meaningful subordination of one’s own actions to certain norms);

– independence (the ability to perform actions alone, without looking at the environment, as well as evaluate the behavior of other individuals according to one’s own beliefs).

It is believed that a person’s volitional parameters do not belong to innate qualities. It should be understood that their formation is conditioned, which depends on the physiological characteristics of the nervous system. People's response to certain life difficulties is associated with the intensity and speed of mental reactions, but the formation of volitional personality parameters occurs only in the process of activity and gaining experience.

The first manifestations of volitional acts are observed in early childhood, when the baby tries to control himself (does not require immediate satisfaction of needs). Communication and knowledge of the surrounding reality forms a character in which strong-willed traits subsequently take over the leading position in the structure of the personality.

Personal development occurs only in conditions of overcoming obstacles. Often, the more pronounced the manifestations of a person’s volitional parameters, the more successful his professional sphere, standard of living, social relationships and satisfaction with his own existence as a whole.

Everyone wants to be known as a strong personality, but few people realize that a strong personality has qualities acquired through daily work and struggle with life’s obstacles. That is, simply put, a strong person is a subject who has developed strong-willed personality parameters, confidence and a positive worldview, since they cannot be frightened or stopped by any troubles or obstacles.

Thus, all volitional characteristics of a person are developed throughout existence, interaction and activity. At the same time, childhood is considered a particularly significant stage of such formation.

Moral qualities

Morality is the system of internal values ​​of a person that determine his behavioral response, attitude towards the social environment, close people and himself.
A person’s system of internal norms is developed as a result of the influence of many factors: family relationships, personal experience, school environment, social relationships.

Morality can be racial, humanistic, religious-fanatical, nationalistic, which is determined by the values ​​that were the basis for the formation of a person’s internal rules.

The moral formation of a child’s personality is determined by his perception of moral norms, knowledge of such norms, habits of behavioral reactions, and the internal position of the baby.

For the development of a child as a social creature, knowledge of behavioral norms is of paramount importance. The preschool age of the baby is characterized by the assimilation of social postulates of behavior through interaction with the environment (relatives, peers, teachers).

The assimilation of norms, first of all, involves the child’s gradual understanding and comprehension of their role, as well as the development of behavioral habits through interaction with society. A habit reflects an emotionally felt stimulating force - the child has to act, violating normal behavior, which creates a feeling of discomfort in the baby. In addition, the assimilation of norms presupposes that the child absorbs a certain emotional attitude towards the norms.

Important personality qualities, such as tact, correctness, respect, careful attitude towards heritage, nature - this is the basis on which the successful coexistence of a person in society is built.

Among the primary moral qualities are the following:

– philanthropy (selfless help to people, kindness);

– loyalty (this trait has two directions: towards oneself, that is, following one’s own principles, ideals, and outside, which implies loyalty to the Fatherland);

- respect;

– selflessness (actions without personal gain);

– spirituality (a characteristic that includes moral aspects and religiosity, which exalts the human spirit).

Professional quality

Modern professional activities are quite diverse and complex. After all, there are a huge number of types of activities that people need to engage in so that society can exist safely and progress. A specific type of work activity carried out by an individual, in order to thereby bring value to society and express himself as an individual, is called a profession.

Today there are many crafts that allow people to take an active part in various areas of social life. Some professions involve productive work, others - the service sector, others - management, and others - education.

The type of activity associated with production is characterized by certain specifics that impose specific requirements on the employee and the circumstances under which this very activity occurs. At the same time, we can identify a general requirement put forward by all professions, and it is called reliability. After all, all mechanisms, tools, and devices must be reliable. In addition, all psychophysical characteristics and personality parameters of the employee must also be reliable.

Professional forging of personality is a holistic, dynamically unfolding process, including the development of professional goals and the absolute realization of one’s own qualities in activities. The main contradiction of professional development is considered to be the collision of established personal parameters and the objective demands of the main activity, the meaning of which covers its influence on the further development of the individual.

By embodying himself in activity, a person gradually changes, which gives rise to a restructuring of the motives of the main activity, the development of new personality parameters.

Professional qualities usually include professional skill, organization, initiative, accuracy, competence, punctuality, and dedication to work.

The primary psychological adaptation that ensures timely and accurate performance of professional duties is the ability to improve it. Self-control is the ability of an individual to accurately assess the implementation of work activities, promptly detect and eliminate mistakes. Self-control can be realized under the condition of understanding what should be controlled and according to what pattern it is necessary to carry out this control. If these parameters are not clearly indicated, then self-control is complicated and a person cannot timely establish the correlation between the intended and the existing.

The development of self-control consists of a sustained desire to learn the most effective techniques and methods for performing professional duties.

The abilities described above are inextricably interconnected with such a personal parameter as responsibility, which implies a person’s desire to realize his own work activity in such a way as to bring maximum benefit to society. An irresponsible employee will be negligent in his professional duties and make mistakes in his work activities.

When a new personality is born, it receives a unique character as a gift. Human nature can consist of traits inherited from parents, or it can manifest itself in a completely different, unexpected quality.

Nature not only determines behavioral reactions, it specifically influences the manner of communication, attitude towards others and oneself, and towards work. A person's character traits create a certain worldview in an individual.

A person’s behavioral reactions depend on character

These two definitions create confusion because they both play a role in shaping personality and behavior. In fact, character and temperament are heterogeneous:

1. Character is formed from a list of certain acquired qualities of a person’s mental make-up.
2. Temperament is a biological quality. Psychologists distinguish four types of it: choleric, melancholic, sanguine and phlegmatic.

Having the same temperament, individuals can have completely different characters. But temperament has an important influence on the development of nature - smoothing or exacerbating it. Also, human nature directly affects temperament.

What is character

Psychologists, speaking about character, mean a certain combination of individual traits that are persistent in their expression. These traits have the maximum impact on the behavioral line of the individual in diverse relationships:

• among people;
• in the work team;
• to one's own personality;
• to the surrounding reality;
• to physical and mental labor.

The word "character" is of Greek origin and means "to mint." This definition was introduced into everyday use by the natural scientist of Ancient Greece, the philosopher Theophrastus. Such a word really, very accurately defines the nature of an individual.

Theophrastus was the first to coin the term "character"

The character seems to be drawn as a unique drawing; it gives birth to a unique stamp, which is worn by the individual in a single copy.

To put it simply, character is a set, a combination of stable individual mental characteristics.

How to understand nature

To understand what kind of nature an individual has, you need to analyze all his actions. It is behavioral reactions that determine examples of character and characterize personality.

But such a judgment is often subjective. A person does not always react the way his intuition tells him. Actions are influenced by upbringing, life experience, and customs of the environment where the person lives.

But you can understand what kind of character a person has. By observing and analyzing the actions of a certain person for a long time, it is possible to identify individual, especially stable traits. If a person behaves the same way in completely different situations, showing similar reactions, makes the same decision, this indicates the presence of a certain nature.

Knowing which character traits are manifested and predominant in an individual, one can predict how he will manifest himself in a given situation.

Character and its traits

A character trait is an important part of a personality; it is a stable quality that determines the interaction between a person and the surrounding reality. This is the defining method of resolving emerging situations, therefore psychologists consider a personality trait as a predictable personal behavior.

Variety of characters

A person acquires characteristics of character throughout his entire life; it is impossible to classify individual traits of nature as innate and characterological. To analyze and assess a personality, a psychologist not only determines the totality of individual characteristics, but also identifies their distinctive features.

It is character traits that are defined as primary in the study and compilation of psychological characteristics of a person.

But, when defining and assessing a person, studying behavioral traits in social terms, the psychologist also uses knowledge of the meaningful orientation of nature. It is defined in:

• strength-weakness;
• breadth-narrowness;
• static-dynamic;
• integrity-contradiction;
• integrity-fragmentation.

Such nuances constitute a general, complete characteristic of a particular person.

List of personality traits

Human nature is a complex combination of unique traits that forms a unique system. This order includes the most striking, stable personal qualities, revealed in gradations of human-society relationships:

Relationship system	Inherent Traits of an Individual
	Pros	Cons
To self	Fastidiousness	Condescension
	Self-criticism	Narcissism
	Meekness	Boastfulness
	Altruism	Egocentrism
To the people around you	Sociability	Closedness
	Complacency	Callousness
	Sincerity	Deceit
	Justice	Injustice
	Community	Individualism
	Sensitivity	Callousness
	Courtesy	Shamelessness
To work	Organization	Laxity
	Mandatory	Cluelessness
	Performance	Sloppiness
	Enterprise	Inertia
	Hard work	Laziness
To items	Economy	Wastefulness
	Thoroughness	Negligence
	Neatness	Negligence

In addition to the character traits included by psychologists in the gradation of relationships (as a separate category), manifestations of nature in the moral, temperamental, cognitive and sthenic spheres were highlighted:

• moral: humanity, toughness, sincerity, good nature, patriotism, impartiality, responsiveness;
• temperamental: passion, sensuality, romance, liveliness, receptivity; passion, frivolity;
• intellectual (cognitive): analytical, flexible, inquisitive, resourceful, efficient, critical, thoughtful;
• sthenic (volitional): categoricalness, persistence, obstinacy, stubbornness, determination, timidity, courage, independence.

Many leading psychologists are inclined to believe that some personality traits should be divided into two categories:

1. Productive (motivational). Such traits push a person to perform certain actions and actions. These are goal-traits.
2. Instrumental. Giving personality during any activity individuality and method (manner) of action. These are methods-traits.

Gradation of character traits according to Allport

Allport's theory

The famous American psychologist Gordon Allport, an expert and developer of gradations of an individual’s personal characteristics, divided personality traits into three classes:

Dominant. Such traits most clearly reveal the behavioral form: actions, activities of a certain person. These include: kindness, selfishness, greed, secrecy, gentleness, modesty, greed.

Ordinary. They manifest themselves equally in all numerous areas of human life. These are: humanity, honesty, generosity, arrogance, altruism, egocentrism, cordiality, openness.

Secondary. These nuances do not have a particular impact on behavioral reactions. These are not dominant behaviors. These include musicality, poetry, diligence, and diligence.

A strong relationship is formed between a person’s existing personality traits. This pattern forms the final character of the individual.

But any existing structure has its own hierarchy. The human warehouse was no exception. This nuance is traced in Allport's proposed gradation structure, where minor traits can be suppressed by dominant ones. But in order to predict an individual’s actions, it is necessary to focus on the entire set of personality traits.

What is typicality and individuality?

The manifestation of the nature of each person always reflects the individual and typical. This is a harmonious combination of personal qualities, because the typical serves as the basis for identifying the individual.

What is a typical character. When a person has a certain set of traits that are the same (common) for a specific group of people, such a warehouse is called typical. It is like a mirror, reflecting the accepted and habitual conditions of existence of a particular group.

Also, typical features depend on the warehouse (a certain type of nature). They are also a condition for the emergence of a behavioral type of character into the category of which a person is “recorded.”

Having understood exactly what characteristics are inherent in a given personality, a person can be drawn up an average (typical) psychological portrait and assigned a certain type of temperament. For example:

Positive	Negative
Choleric
Activity	Incontinence
Energy	Hot temper
Sociability	Aggressiveness
Determination	Irritability
Initiative	Rudeness in communication
Impulsiveness	Unstable behavior
Phlegmatic person
Perseverance	Low activity
Performance	Slowness
Calm	Inactivity
Consistency	Unsociability
Reliability	Individualism
Integrity	Laziness
Sanguine
Sociability	Aversion to monotony
Activity	Superficiality
Goodwill	Lack of persistence
Adaptability	Poor perseverance
Cheerfulness	frivolity
Courage	Recklessness in actions
Resourcefulness	Inability to concentrate
Melancholic
Sensitivity	Closedness
Impressionability	Low activity
Performance	Unsociability
Restraint	Vulnerability
Cordiality	Shyness
Accuracy	Poor performance

Such typical character traits, corresponding to a certain temperament, are observed in each (to one degree or another) representative of the group.

Individual manifestation. Relationships between individuals always have an evaluative characteristic; they are manifested in a rich variety of behavioral reactions. The manifestation of an individual’s individual traits is greatly influenced by emerging circumstances, the formed worldview and a certain environment.

This characteristic is reflected in the vividness of the individual's various typical features. They vary in intensity and develop individually for each individual.

Some typical traits manifest themselves so powerfully in a person that they become not just individual, but unique.

In this case, typicality develops, by definition, into individuality. This personality classification helps to identify the negative characteristics of an individual that prevent them from expressing themselves and achieving a certain position in society.

By working on himself, analyzing and correcting shortcomings in his own character, each person creates the life he strives for.

Personal qualities of a person– these are complex, biologically and socially determined components of personality. By bringing together all the personal qualities of a person, you can get his complete psychological portrait.

Personality qualities are usually divided intopositive and negative. What are these qualities and can a personality consist of only positive qualities?

Personality qualitiesexpressfeatures of mental processes, states and properties of an individual, his character traits, temperamental features, specific behavior, interactions with other people, the environment, himself, that is, all the individual psychological characteristics of the individual. In addition, a person's personal qualitiesincludehis knowledge, skills and abilities.

There are many classifications of personality traits and even more personality typologies based on these classifications. Psychologists have always been interested in the mystery of the human personality and they tried to sort it out “on the shelves.”

But why does an ordinary person (not a professional psychologist) need to know about what personal qualities there are? The fact is that knowledge generates self-awareness, increasesawareness. A person who knows what personality traits exist canidentify them for yourself, and then indicate the paths and directionswork on yourself.

Also, knowing about personality traits, you can understand more aboutpeople around, learn how to properly build and maintain relationships.

The first stage of a relationship of any kind involves getting to know each other, which is essentially a clarification of personal qualities. When two people first meet (be it a job interview or a man and a woman's first date), there is alwaysneed to knowwhat kind of person is in front of you? It is not for nothing that a resume requires you to indicate not only your work experience and basic data, but also list personal qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities.

So, if you need to know your personal qualities in order to understand how to further develop your personality, then knowledge of the personal characteristics of another person is important insofar as it allows you to determine compatibility with him and suggest what kind of relationship may develop.

Positive personality traits are usually supported, reinforced and developed, while negative people try to correct, change or eradicate.

But the division of personality traits into positive and negativeconditional! It is based on generally accepted rules and norms of morality and ethics. You need to understand that such a subtle matter as a person’s personality, in fact, cannot be decomposed into “black” and “white”.

Personality qualities that are usually called negative are not absolute, butrelativelynegative, just like positive qualities. For example, in a situation where you need to stand up for yourself, aggressiveness (which is considered a negative trait) becomes necessary and simply necessary.

A person's personal qualities can be:congenital, so acquired. Certain personality qualities are developed either under the influence of the environment and society (upbringing) or are a consequenceself-education.

A person can develop many qualities, traits, behavioral characteristics, abilities, skills,work out, so and eradicate.

Of course, there are personality traits that are practically impossible to change, but you still shouldn’t hang “labels” (either on yourself or on others)!

A person can always, if not change radically, then at least learn to compensate for some of his qualities by developing others.

Negative human qualities, which are undesirable and require correction, all together would form not just a large, but a huge list. Therefore, only a few of them are listed below:

All these personality traits give rise to a correspondingbehaviorThus, a deceitful person lies to everyone all the time, a lazy and careless person is in no hurry to do his work, and an irresponsible person constantly lets himself and others down.

The presence of one or another negative quality spoils the life of the person himself and/or other people, but in any case, itnot a sentence. By working on yourself, you can improve the quality of your life, relationships with others, and become happier.

Positive human qualities

The list of positive qualities of a person is as endless as the list of negative traits. Perhaps most of all, such people are revered and welcomedpositive traits, How:

These positive qualities give rise to correspondingskills and abilities: the ability to make friends, love, learn, create, work, and so on.

In the article “” you will find another informative list of positive personality traits.

As you can see, both the list of a person’s negative qualities and the list of positive ones includes not only those qualities that express the individual’s attitude towards other people and society, but also towards himself, work, things, and the world as a whole. This is because a person’s personal qualitiesmanifest themselves in everything: from who he works to what colors in clothes he prefers.

It is rare to meet a person whose personality contains only positive human qualities. But there are many people whose personality structureprevail such qualities.

Any person always has conditionally negative personality traits, those that are worth working on, but their presence should not be a problem, but a stimulus for development and growth.

Make sure that there is less negativity and positive personality traits predominate,every person can do it!

In what direction do you most often have to work on yourself?

Each person is unique, he is an individual endowed with certain characteristics that distinguish him from others. These characteristics are called personal qualities: some of them are given from birth, others appear throughout life. One part of personal qualities has a positive orientation, the other - a negative one. The latter can significantly complicate family life and professional life. But not all negative qualities are easy to get rid of - you have to work hard on yourself. Therefore, diagnosis and identification of personality characteristics is of great importance.

Manifested in temperamental characteristics and self-esteem

Personality structure

To better understand the qualities of a person, you need to analyze the personality structure. It consists of 4 parts:

1. Temperament is an innate genetic characteristic that is inherent in every person. Based on them, you can say a lot about a person and adjust the direction of his life. There are 4 types of temperament: choleric (impulsive and touchy), sanguine (communicative and open to everything new), phlegmatic (balanced and calm), melancholic (prone to solitude). Even in identical situations, representatives of one or another type of temperament behave differently.
2. Mental processes are how he perceives the world, how he reacts to unforeseen situations, how developed his imagination is, what he is afraid of.
3. The experience and skills that people acquire turn into habits, style and behavior.
4. The attitude of a person to the events around him. It depends on the worldview, level of consciousness, compliance with social norms.

Qualities influence the formation and development of character

Most structural elements are difficult to change; their sudden change can occur due to extreme circumstances. If necessary, moving elements can be adjusted by working with a specialist.

Why you need to know personal qualities

Identifying, realizing, accepting or changing personal characteristics is necessary for:

• self-knowledge and development;
• understanding other people;
• recognizing options for inappropriate treatment of oneself;
• searching for a loved one;
• career advancement.

Classification of personal qualities

They can be classified on various grounds. The most common is the division into positive and negative. Positive qualities are characterized by their undeniable benefits that they bring to the owner of the qualities and to the people around him. Negative ones always cause harm to the subject himself and his environment.

Positive Personality Traits

They are divided into several groups. Those that do not depend on events and interactions with others include:

• kindness;
• responsiveness;
• friendliness;
• optimism;
• patience;
• honesty;
• courage;
• attentiveness;
• hard work;
• accuracy.

Qualities that manifest themselves when interacting with other people when any events occur:

• communication skills;
• responsibility;
• masculinity;
• generosity;
• prudence;
• erudition;
• sense of tact;
• good manners;
• self confidence;
• practicality.

The indicated human properties can be called basic; they can be divided into smaller varieties.

Negative Personality Traits

A list of qualities coming from the depths of the personality itself:

• laziness;
• touchiness;
• anger;
• selfishness;
• stubbornness;
• pessimism.

Properties that characterize a person in the process of activity and communication with others:

• deceit;
• coarseness;
• jealousy;
• cowardice;
• hypocrisy;
• greed;
• envy;
• careless attitude towards things.

The classification is carried out conditionally. Certain personality traits may turn out to be positive in some situations and negative in others.

It is known that our shortcomings are a continuation of our advantages.

Personal qualities in the professional sphere

Your qualities directly affect your work and success

The importance of personal qualities in business circles is priceless. They:

• increase labor productivity;
• strengthen interpersonal relationships in the team;
• clearly build a vertical between superiors and subordinates;
• cause an increase in sales;
• help you climb the career ladder;
• stimulate the emergence of new ideas.

Among positive personality traits, which cannot be avoided in professional activities, we can highlight:

• responsibility - the ability to take on obligations and be independently responsible for them;
• perseverance and perseverance - the ability to see things through to the end, despite difficulties;
• diligence - strict fulfillment of all instructions and orders;
• organization - the ability to subordinate all circumstances to the fulfillment of the main goal;
• initiative - introducing new work proposals;
• communication skills - the ability to find a common language with colleagues and business partners;
• attentiveness - self-control over the correct performance of work duties;
• punctuality - completing all orders on time;
• determination - vision of the final result and competent progress towards it;
• stress resistance - the ability not to react to negative situations from the outside.

Definitely negative personal qualities in the business environment are:

• conflict;
• hypocrisy;
• arrogant behavior;
• slowness;
• laziness;
• excessive self-confidence;
• sloppiness.

Job vacancies set certain requirements for applicants regarding personal characteristics. Different professions require exactly opposite properties. Categories of managers cannot do without a set of leadership qualities - responsibility, flexibility, determination, self-confidence, efficiency. For some workers (accountant, clerk), such qualities as perseverance, attentiveness, scrupulousness, and patience will be fundamental.

Assessment of employee personal qualities

A manager can assess the personality traits of a job applicant by reading about them in a resume. Potential employees should pay significant attention to this section of their resume, but their description should not take up more than half of the text and they should not extol themselves. You should try to take an objective view of your qualities; emphasis should be placed on those personal characteristics that are somehow related to the proposed job. Based on this indicator, the boss will evaluate whether this candidate is suitable or not. It is better if the description is supported by specific professional achievements.

Personal qualities play an important role in all areas of our lives. They can be both positive and negative. To prevent negative aspects from creating problems, you need to fight them by working on yourself.