Chronic gastritis is an unpleasant and rather dangerous disease that forces the patient to significantly change his approach to his diet. The disease is caused, which settles in the stomach and feeds on its mucous membrane. There are many varieties of chronic gastritis, which differ among themselves in the causes of occurrence, the level of acidity, as well as the location of the focus of infection. One type is reactive or chemical gastritis.
When exposed to aggressive products or reagents, chemical gastritis may occur.In today's material, we will try to find out with you what its features are, what are the symptoms and treatment of the disease, the causes of its occurrence, and also how it can be diagnosed. In addition, we will consider possible prevention options, and also find out whether fasting days can be arranged.
Reactive (chemical) gastritis: causes
Chemical reactive gastritis mainly occurs when duodenal enzymes attack the gastric mucosa. After the food enters the stomach and is digested in it, it ends up in the duodenum, where other enzymes begin to act on it. Between the stomach and duodenum is a special muscular ring (sphincter) that keeps bile and other acids from entering the stomach. If this sphincter does not function properly, acids can enter the stomach and cause irritation and burns of its mucous membrane.
With the development of chronic reactive gastritis, the contents of the duodenum are thrown into the stomach regularly, as a result of which the mucous membrane loses its properties and irreversible pathological changes occur in it. Such changes include impaired blood flow, hemorrhage, erosion. As a result, in the patient, in the absence of adequate treatment and prevention, what can cause this type of gastritis? Most often during certain surgical procedures, such as gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, or when exposed to certain drugs and alcohol abuse.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
What unpleasant symptoms do patients with chemical gastritis experience? It is noteworthy that at the initial stage, the symptoms are not much different from ordinary gastritis, for example, heartburn after eating and increased salivation. With the development of the disease, the symptoms become more specific and specific:
- After eating, rather sharp pains arise and intensify in the upper abdomen, which do not go away even after the use of drugs designed to reduce the level of acidity in the stomach.
- Nausea, turning into vomiting, streaked with bile. An unpleasant bitter taste remains in the mouth, and a feeling of heartburn in the stomach. However, the patient may feel some relief.
- In some cases, the symptoms of gastritis can be expressed in bloating, anemia, as well as constipation or diarrhea.
To prescribe the correct treatment, it is necessary to correctly determine the degree of the disease. Since the symptoms are not the most reliable indicator and may coincide with the signs of some other diseases, contact a general practitioner or gastroenterologist who will write you the necessary ones. They can often be done at a clinic near you.
If you do not trust public medicine, contact a private laboratory or clinic. Such institutions also provide a full range of services. What tests and examinations can be prescribed for you?
- analyzes of urine and feces for the presence of blood or bile contained in them;
- analysis for the number of Helicobacter pylori bacteria that cause gastritis;
- a blood test to study protein, as well as to detect the level of red blood cells;
- analysis of the secretory function of the stomach will determine the activity of pancreatic enzymes, as well as gastric juice;
- gastroscopy, which will allow you to see the state of the gastric mucosa from the inside;
- a biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is taken to study its possible changes;
- ultrasonography;
- x-ray, which allows you to identify seals, scars or ulcers;
- measuring the level of pressure in the duodenum.
Treatment of reactive gastritis
Before we begin the description of the practiced methods of treating chemical gastritis, we want to warn you that the editors of the site are not responsible for the consequences of your self-treatment. The information is provided for informational purposes. Be sure to consult a general practitioner or gastroenterologist.
Treatment of reactive gastritis can be done both at home and in hospital, in case of a sharp exacerbation. The final decision will be made by your attending physician, taking into account the state of the tests and your well-being. All methods of treating gastritis are aimed primarily at improving the functioning of the muscle tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, normalizing the level of acidity, improving the resistance of the mucous membrane to the action of gastric enzymes, and also, in some cases, reducing the activity of duodenal enzymes. In special cases, surgery may be required. In addition, a strict diet is mandatory.
If medical treatment is necessary, the following drugs are used:
It is also recommended to abandon the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. If this is not possible, it is best to use selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as Diclofenac or Mavalis. If conservative medical treatment does not help, a decision may be made to perform surgery. The purpose of the operation is to create ways for additional removal of bile, reducing its effect on the mucous membrane.
Prevention of reactive gastritis
Diet
An equally important component of the successful treatment of reactive gastritis is a strict diet. With reactive gastritis with high acidity, diet No. 1 is prescribed. What can you eat in this case?
- Vegetable, dairy, without cabbage, meat and fish.
- Boiled vegetables in the form of mashed potatoes or steamed puddings.
- Finely ground porridge with milk and butter.
- Boiled low-fat meat and fish (perch, cod, pike), steam fish and meat cutlets, boiled chicken without skin.
- Vegetable and butter.
- Milk, curdled milk, cream, non-acidic sour cream, low-fat mashed cottage cheese.
- Soft-boiled eggs or steamed omelettes.
- Stale white bread and lean white crackers.
- Sweet fruits and berries, kissels and juices from them, rosehip tinctures and decoctions, jam, sugar, cocoa and tea with milk.
- In case of improvement, grated food is gradually removed.
- The use of salt is limited.
- Vitamins A, B and C are prescribed.
Food should be warm, not too hot and not too cold. You need to eat up to 6 times a day at approximately equal intervals. In addition, alcohol consumption, smoking and other bad habits that have a negative effect on the stomach are absolutely contraindicated.
Fasting days
When organizing a proper healthy diet, many nutritionists recommend arranging from time to time the so-called fasting days, when the calorie content of the daily diet is reduced several times. On such days, food with a high content of one of the types of nutrients is used. Thus, protein, fat, carbohydrate and mixed fasting days are distinguished. Nutritionists have compiled many varieties of menus. Let's consider some of them.
- Apple. For 5 meals you need to eat 1.5 kg. apples and drink any amount of liquid.
- Banana. During the day, you need to eat 1 kg of bananas and drink 2 liters. water.
- Potato. For 5 receptions 1 kg is used. baked potatoes.
- Watermelon. 5 times a day you need to eat 300 g of watermelon.
- Cucumber. Eat 1.5 kg in 5 meals. fresh cucumbers.
- Curd. Drink 2 liters per day. water and eaten 400 g of cottage cheese for 5 times.
- Dairy and kefir. For a day or fat-free kefir.
- Chocolate. During the day you need to eat 150 grams of dark dark chocolate.
- Vegetable. For 5 meals, one and a half kilograms of any vegetables are eaten.
- Kefir-fruit. During the day, you need to drink a liter of low-fat yogurt and eat a kilogram of green apples.
Such fasting days will be an excellent prevention of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Many successfully use this method in the fight against excess weight. True, it is recommended to arrange it no more than two days a week. But are such fasting days contraindicated in reactive gastritis with high acidity?
There is no consensus among experts. Someone believes that such unloading is absolutely contraindicated, while others urge to arrange them regularly. The editors of the site advises you to contact a specialist who will help you choose the right option for a fasting diet.
Conclusion
Chemical gastritis is a very serious and insidious disease, the danger of which should not be underestimated. We recommend that you take your health seriously, never neglect the symptoms and do not self-medicate. Be sure to contact a medical institution and follow all the doctor's recommendations. Tell us in the comments what helps you fight chronic gastritis.
Gastritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane (in some cases, deeper layers) of the stomach wall. The disease leads to a decrease in the quality of food processing by gastric juice, due to which the entire work of the gastrointestinal tract is destabilized, and the body begins to lack substances even with a varied diet.
Symptoms are pain in the stomach on an empty stomach or after eating, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, etc. Due to the many varieties of this disease, the term "gastritis" is collective and serves to refer to various inflammatory and degenerative changes in the mucosa of this organ.
In the article, we will consider: what kind of disease it is, what are the causes and symptoms, as well as how to treat gastritis in adults without consequences and follow a diet correctly.
What is gastritis?
Gastritis (lat. gastritis) is an inflammation of the mucous layer of the stomach, leading to dysfunction of this organ. Gastritis is dangerous because if it is not properly treated or if the mucous membranes of the stomach are damaged by concentrated acids, alkalis or chemicals, the disease can be fatal. In addition, gastritis can be harbingers of oncological processes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
The stomach is the most vulnerable section of the digestive system. At least three complex processes of digestion take place in it: this is the mechanical mixing of the food coma, the chemical breakdown of food, and the absorption of nutrients. Most often, the inner wall of the stomach is damaged- mucous membrane, where the production of two mutually exclusive components of digestion - gastric juice and protective mucus.
Currently, gastritis can already be called the disease of the century. They hurt both adults and children. And according to health statistics, in Russia about 50% of the population has gastritis in some form.
Causes
Gastritis is manifested by inflammation and destruction of the gastric mucosa. The inflammatory reaction in the human body always develops in response to the action of damaging factors on healthy tissues. In the case of gastritis, it can be an infection, chemicals, high or low temperatures.
Thus, the main causes of this pathology are now placed as follows:
- the effect of bacteria and fungi on the walls of the stomach;
- eating disorders;
- alcohol abuse;
- taking medications;
- presence;
- chronic stress.
Internal causes of the disease include:
- hereditary predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases;
- the presence of duodenal reflux;
- violation of the protective properties of cells at the immune level;
- hormonal metabolism disorders;
- reflex transmission of pathogenesis from neighboring organs.
But the main cause of gastritis is a bacterium, which is found in 85% of reported cases.
Very often the cause of gastritis is the wrong diet:
- Hasty food and poorly chewed food or dry food injure the mucous membrane mechanically
- Eating too hot or too cold food causes gastritis due to thermal damage to the gastric mucosa.
- Eating spicy foods (mostly spicy and highly salty foods) irritates the stomach lining in a similar way to the action of caustic chemicals.
Classification
Gastritis is classified according to several indicators - by type, by localization of the inflammatory process, by etiological factor, by endoscopic picture, by morphological changes in the gastric mucosa. All these indicators are very important for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Depending on the degree of damage and the duration of exposure to irritating factors, acute and chronic gastritis are distinguished.
Acute gastritis
Acute gastritis is understood as a single and rapid inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by exposure to damaging factors of various etiologies (drugs, poisons, food contaminated with microorganisms, alcohol, etc.). With proper treatment, acute gastritis (depending on the form) lasts up to 5-7 days, but the full recovery of the stomach occurs much later.
Signs of acute mucosal inflammation appear suddenly and are caused by overeating, poor-quality food, an allergic reaction to certain foods, and stress.
If you do not eliminate the factors that irritate the mucous membrane, inflammation goes into a chronic form.
Depending on the clinical manifestations and the nature of damage to the gastric mucosa, the following types of acute gastritis are considered:
- catarrhal - is the mildest form of the disease, in which only the uppermost layer of the gastric mucosa suffers. This type of gastritis occurs as a result of food poisoning or allergies to food, medicines. The stomach can also suffer from severe emotional overstrain, overeating .;
- fibrinous - with this form of gastritis, a protein is released at the site of inflammation - fibrin, which is contained in the blood plasma and has a fibrous structure. Outwardly, the place of such inflammation () is covered with a hazy film of yellow-brown or gray color. Under it are numerous erosions of the mucosa, the formation of which can lead to an abscess, that is, phlegmonous gastritis. ;
- necrotic - not quite the usual form of gastritis, it occurs as a result of chemical poisoning. If, for example, acids enter the gastrointestinal tract, the so-called coagulation necrosis is formed, if we are talking about salts - colliquational .;
- phlegmous - the most serious form of acute gastritis. May be the result of catarrhal gastritis. It is accompanied by damage to all layers of the stomach. In the most severe cases, it can be fatal. Requires immediate medical intervention.
Chronic gastritis
Chronic gastritis is a long-term recurrent inflammation of the gastric mucosa, during which a number of its degenerative changes develop:
- increased infiltration,
- violation of the regenerative function of the epithelium of the glands,
- proliferation of connective tissue.
Signs of chronic gastritis in adults are expressed in the following conditions:
- sweating after eating;
- weight loss
- heartburn;
- pallor of the skin;
- language overlays.
According to the etiology, chronic gastritis is divided into:
- Bacteria associated with Helicobacter pylori.
- Autoimmune, caused by the formation of antibodies to the cells of the stomach.
- Chemically mediated, that is, arising from prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, or, in other words, NSAIDs) or bile reflux into the stomach.
- Idiopathic, that is, mediated by repeated exposure to the stomach of the same factor.
- Eosinophilic, having an allergic nature.
- Granulomatous gastritis, which occurs along with granulomatous inflammation of other organs: Crohn's disease, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, etc.
Also distinguished:
- Superficial gastritis
- atrophic
- Reflux gastritis.
Depending on the secretory activity of the stomach, gastritis is distinguished:
- with high or normal acidity;
- with low or no acidity.
It is quite possible to distinguish between the symptoms of these conditions, but the final diagnosis is made on the basis of an analysis of gastric juice taken by probing. In some cases, the pH of gastric juice is determined indirectly using urine tests.
Remember that only a doctor can determine the type, shape and course of gastritis. In no case do not take medications prescribed by your relatives and friends - each individual form of gastritis requires an individual approach and the drug that helped one person cope with gastritis can have a detrimental effect on the body of another.
Symptoms of gastritis in adults
How gastritis manifests itself in adults also depends on the individual characteristics of the patient's body. Some patients patiently endure even the most severe pain, while others already at the first signs of damage to the inner lining of the stomach experience many negative syndromes.
- weakness;
- vomiting;
- dizziness;
- epigastric pain;
- weight loss
- cardiovascular disorders;
- drowsiness;
- irritability;
- lack of appetite;
- unpleasant taste sensations;
- stool disorders.
The first signs of gastritis of the stomach
Gastritis is characterized by a variety of symptoms, but can occur without pronounced manifestations. The most characteristic feature:
- pain in the solar plexus;
- aggravated after taking certain types of food, liquids and drugs, especially those with increased aggressiveness to the gastric mucosa;
- sometimes the pain gets worse between meals.
| Types of gastritis | Symptoms |
| Spicy | In acute gastritis, symptoms of gastric dyspepsia are observed, such as:
|
| Chronic | Chronic inflammation of the stomach is manifested as follows:
|
| With high acidity |
Patients with gastritis are concerned about pain in the epigastric region, nighttime and hungry pains. |
| With reduced acidity |
|
The presence of at least one or more of these symptoms should force you to seek help from a gastroenterologist.
Complications
Gastritis of the stomach (with the exception of phlegmonous gastritis) does not belong to the group of dangerous diseases. However, gastritis gives rise to dangerous complications:
- internal bleeding: more typical for;
- hypovitaminosis;
- , sepsis: characteristic of purulent phlegmous gastritis;
- (anemia), vitamin B12 deficiency: develops due to inadequate absorption of vitamin B12 in the stomach. For the same reason, anemia can develop;
- : gastritis can be an impetus for the development of inflammation of the pancreas, especially in the presence of additional risk factors - drinking alcohol, taking medications, smoking;
- dehydration: with prolonged vomiting;
- : loss of appetite and metabolic disorders can lead to significant exhaustion of the body;
- peptic ulcer of the stomach: in the absence or inadequate treatment, progression of damage to the walls of the stomach is possible;
- gastric cancer: gastritis is a risk factor for the occurrence of gastric cancer.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of any type of gastritis must necessarily include consultations with doctors such as a gastroenterologist and an endoscopist. In order not only to suspect a pathological process, but to confirm the correctness of the assumptions, the patient must be sent for a diagnostic examination.
During the diagnosis of gastritis, a specialist needs to establish the main cause of the pathology. Further therapy will largely depend on this.
The disease in adults is diagnosed with the help of such studies as:
- gastroscopy - examination of the gastric mucosa with special equipment;
- biopsy;
- study of gastric juice in the laboratory;
- analysis of feces, blood.
To detect Helicobacter pylori, a sample of a part of the mucosa taken during FGDS, or blood is used - when it is examined, it is determined whether it contains specific antibodies against the bacterium of interest.
Only the results of complex diagnostics allow the gastroenterologist to get a complete picture, understand the causes of functional failure, and develop an individual treatment program.
Treatment of gastritis
In adults, the treatment of gastritis is primarily aimed at eliminating factors that provoke the development or exacerbation of the disease (infection, malnutrition), stimulating recovery processes in the gastric mucosa and preventing new episodes of the disease (exacerbations).
How to treat gastritis of the stomach? It depends on the form of the disease. An important link in therapy is diet - without following certain rules of eating behavior, the drug effect will be much less effective.
Medications for gastritis:
- Antibiotics: amoxiclav, clarithromycin, metronidazole, furazolidone, amoxicillin. Medicines must be taken for at least 7 days on a tablet twice a day;
- Enveloping agents: gastal, phosphalugel, almagel - drugs that need to be taken three times daily for a month;
- Antisecretory drugs: omez, ranitidine, famotidine - daily one tablet 20 minutes before meals. Medicines significantly reduce pain. The course of therapy is about a month;
- Antispasmodics: no-shpa, platifilin, metacin - 3 times a tablet for severe pain;
- Cytoprotectors protect the gastric mucosa from the effects of hydrochloric acid - the duration of treatment is 20 days;
- Enzymatic preparations: pangrol, pancreatin, gastal, festal, mezim improve the functionality of the intestine. Take a month, 1 tablet three times a day;
- Hormonal agents improve the protective properties of the gastric mucosa;
- Antiemetic drugs: cerucal, metoclopramide - twice daily for a week.
You should not independently prescribe yourself and your loved ones the intake of certain drugs. This can lead to undesirable consequences and complications. How to cure gastritis, a specialist gastroenterologist knows.
After the onset of remission, you need to maintain a regular diet up to 4-5 times a day, without long breaks. Do not abuse cold snacks, pizzas or hot dogs. It is advisable to completely eliminate strong alcohol. Low-fat dairy products, boiled vegetables, low-fat meat and fish are shown.
Diet and treatment with folk remedies complement conservative therapy, which allows you to quickly achieve long-term remission.
The prognosis for all types of gastritis is favorable, but only if timely treatment is carried out, diet is followed, and bad habits are abandoned. Do not forget that a long course of chronic gastritis can lead to the formation of adenocarcinoma and stomach cancer.
Diet
The diet for gastritis is different and depends on the form and stage of the disease. In the event of an attack, it is advisable to refuse food and drink for a day. This contributes to the unloading of the stomach and intestines. If you are very thirsty, you can drink some water without gas at room temperature.
An exacerbation of the disease should be a signal to exclude from the diet:
- alcoholic drinks,
- coffee,
- marinades,
- seasonings,
- fried foods,
- soda,
- conservation,
- semi-finished products
- food from the category "fast food",
- fatty food,
- products that promote fermentation (grapes, black bread, milk),
- sweet pastries.
If the disease is accompanied by an increase in acidity, a ban is introduced on:
- fried, fatty, spicy food (for its digestion, an increased amount of hydrochloric acid is required),
- fresh fruits and vegetables,
- food with coarse fibers (lean meat, preferably veal, young poultry),
- cereals and soups should be high in mucus.
For gastritis with low acidity, the following dishes and ingredients should be included in the diet:
- Meat broths in the form of borscht soups or simply as an independent dish
- Wholemeal bread (with bran, rye).
- More fresh vegetables
- Various pickles that stimulate gastric secretion by raising the pH of the stomach.
Observed in the diet and the appropriate temperature regime of consumed products. It is important to consider that hot food damages the inflamed mucosa, cold food remains in the stomach for a longer time, due to which the production of hydrochloric acid increases. Again, fried food, fresh pastries are excluded. All food, including soups, should be pureed and not hot.
How to treat gastritis folk remedies
- Milk. This product helps to quickly reduce the acidity of the stomach at home. In addition, a glass of warm milk drunk quickly eliminates the symptoms of heartburn.
- Linen . For therapy, you can take only cold-pressed oil, which contains the required amount of nutrients. The duration of treatment with a flax product is 12 weeks. During this period, the patient will significantly improve digestion, and the harmful effect on the mucous membrane will decrease. To obtain the desired therapeutic result, it is necessary to take a teaspoon of oil before breakfast and after dinner. At the same time, be sure to drink the product with a small amount of warm water, which ensures better absorption.
- Aloe juice has anti-inflammatory and powerful regenerative properties. The egg white is able to envelop the gastric mucosa, protecting it from the aggression of hydrochloric acid. Mix these two ingredients 1:1 and drink three times a day for a large spoonful before meals.
- Can gastritis be treated in adults? with thyme tincture. Take two tablespoons of herbs and pour 500 ml. white wine, stand in the refrigerator for a week, then boil the resulting mixture and strain. Take two teaspoons daily before each meal. This tincture helps patients with chronic gastritis to completely get rid of the disease.
- Mumiye - a healing remedy from Altai which helps with gastritis. Mix a quarter gram of mummy with honey and milk, use a folk remedy daily on an empty stomach and before going to bed. It would be best if you add homemade milk to this smoothie, it interacts better with the rest of the ingredients.
Prevention
With regard to preventive measures, they should be carried out on an ongoing basis. These include:
- rejection of bad habits;
- adherence to proper, rational and balanced nutrition;
- compliance with the regime of work and rest;
- physical activity;
- avoid prolonged stressful situations and nervous overload
- undergo regular medical examinations.
Preventive methods are not difficult to follow, they will help you maintain health, which is priceless.
Treatment of gastritis is a multifaceted process that includes diet, drug treatment, and strengthening the body's defenses. Gastritis should not be considered the norm, although it occurs in a huge part of the world's population, it must be treated
Gastritis is a very serious disease that is difficult to treat. The causes of the disease are different. Chemical gastritis (reactive gastritis) always develops in a chronic form.
The disease is accompanied by pain symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. Without timely treatment, it causes serious harm to the digestive organ and can provoke the development of an ulcer.
Causes
The causes of chemical gastritis can be different. Most often, the disease develops against the background of a weakening of the sphincter between the duodenum and the stomach.
This leads to the fact that bile acids are constantly thrown into the stomach, which damage the mucous membrane and, if not properly treated, lead to irreversible changes. Against this background, a violation of the digestive process occurs.
A separate type of chemical gastritis is toxic gastritis. It develops against the background of the following factors:
- Regular intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which include aspirin, diclofenac, ibuprofen.
- Taking supplements containing potassium and iron.
Symptoms
Symptoms of chemical gastritis at the initial stage of the development of the disease coincide with the signs. Basically, the development of pathology is evidenced by heartburn, periodic discomfort in the epigastric region and increased salivation.
If the disease progresses, then more specific signs appear over time, such as:
- Sharp pains after eating in the upper abdomen, which are not removed even by drugs that reduce acidity.
- turning into vomiting. After it, it is usually in the mouth, and streaks of bile can be found in the vomit. But, despite this, relief usually comes for a while.
- Bloating and.
- Digestive disorders that are accompanied by and.
Diagnostics
For the correct treatment of chemical gastritis, it is necessary to conduct an accurate diagnosis. To do this, you need to be examined by a gastroenterologist and endoscopist. After the examination, these specialists will prescribe the necessary laboratory hardware tests.
Urine and feces tests will detect inflammation, but during the stabilization of the condition, the indicators may be normal. Fecal analysis is important to confirm reduced gastric acid secretion. This will be evidenced by undigested food particles in the feces.
The main hardware research for is endoscopy. Thanks to modern technologies, a camera is used to examine the stomach, which allows:
- Assess the size of the inflammation of the mucous membrane.
- Detect erosion and atrophied areas.
- Take pieces of tissue for biopsy.
Treatment
Chronic reactive gastritis involves treatment at home, but with an exacerbation, hospitalization may be necessary. Therapeutic measures are always selected by the doctor on an individual basis, taking into account the severity of the mucosal lesion and the patient's condition. The purpose of all applied treatment methods is as follows:
- In improving the functioning of the muscular tissues of the gastrointestinal tract.
- In the normalization of acidity.
- In increasing the resistance of the mucous membrane to the effects of digestive enzymes.
Advice! Self-medication is strictly prohibited. For a positive result, it is necessary to take only those prescribed by the doctor.
In order for the treatment of reactive gastritis to be successful, it is necessary to exclude the treatment of other pathologies with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Must be observed. If conservative treatment is unsuccessful and the disease continues to progress, surgery may be needed.
Medical
In order to increase the tone of the sphincter and the activity of muscle tissues, Motillium is usually prescribed. This modern remedy is recognized as very effective in the treatment of chemical gastritis. In addition, with chemical gastritis in the course of treatment, drugs are prescribed:
- Cholestyramine, which has the property of neutralizing harmful acids that enter the stomach from the intestines.
- its enveloping and absorbent properties protect and soothe the digestive mucosa.
- Means that reduce acidity.
- Metoclopramide, which normalizes the work of the duodenum and increases the resistance of the mucosa.
- Means, which include ursodeoxycholic acid, which reduces the harmful effects of bile on the mucous membrane.
Advice! With chemical gastritis, doctor's recommendations are required to take any medications and clarify the dosage.
Diet
An important factor in successful therapy is diet. Dietary nutrition provides not only the right foods, but also the observance of certain principles of food intake.
It is important to eat in small portions, with breaks of 3-4 hours. This approach in the treatment of the disease will eliminate overeating against the background of the onset of hunger. In addition, it is necessary to chew food thoroughly in order to reduce the burden on the digestive system as a whole during its digestion.
In the diet of a patient suffering from chemical gastritis, must be present:
- based on vegetable and low-fat meat broths.
- Well boiled.
- in puree state.
- Low fat dairy products.
- associated primarily with the normalization of lifestyle. In particular, it should be remembered that bad habits are a common cause of the disease.
In addition, you should not self-medicate with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can weaken the sphincter, which will lead to the throwing of harmful bile acids into the stomach. Also, for the prevention of chemical gastritis, you need to follow simple rules for eating:
- You can not eat on the go or engage in extraneous activities, for example, watching TV.
- Food must be chewed thoroughly.
- The diet should be varied, it should not contain semi-finished products or fast foods.
- It is important not to overeat in order to exclude increased stress on the digestive organ.
Chemical gastritis is a very dangerous disease. Therefore, after making an accurate diagnosis, all measures must be taken to stabilize the condition and exclude the progression of the disease. To do this, you must strictly follow the recommendations of the doctor and take all prescribed medications.
Gastritis is a very unpleasant and dangerous disease found in a third of adults aged 30 and over. Gastritis is an inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa, accompanied by impaired tissue regeneration and basic functions of the stomach as part of the digestive system. The disease can be caused by many reasons, and in some cases gastritis is just the “first call” of something more serious. It is very important to recognize the signs of the disease in time and treat it correctly. How to do this is described below.
There are two types of gastritis - acute and chronic. They are caused by approximately the same reasons, but differ in the time of development and action, as well as in the pain sensations caused. Let us consider separately what is the cause of their occurrence, what danger each of the forms poses to a person and how they are recognized.
This form of the disease appears with a short-term exposure to negative factors and is a reaction to them. Acute gastritis is characterized by severe, sometimes unbearable pain in the abdomen and general malaise. Depending on the cause of occurrence, the following subspecies of the disease are distinguished:
- Catarrhal gastritis occurs when pathogenic microorganisms enter the stomach along with spoiled food, or when a large number of drugs are taken uncontrollably or when an allergic reaction to certain foods. With this form of gastritis, there is a slight destruction of the upper layers of the mucous membrane, and inflammation and severe pain are the result of the body's attempts to get rid of harmful substances (or microorganisms) and restore its integrity.
- Erosive gastritis appears from exposure to strong acids or alkalis that have entered the stomach. Simply put, this is a chemical burn of his mucous membrane. Damage from acid or alkali is applied quite deep, and as a result, ulcers or scars appear on the tissues of the stomach.
- - develops when the blood becomes infected. It happens rarely, but it is very dangerous and requires immediate treatment.
- occurs in situations where a foreign body (for example, a sharp chicken or fish bone) enters the stomach, damaging the surface of the mucous membrane. Further, a purulent infection develops at the site of the wound, and this inflammation is called phlegmonous acute gastritis. In case of occurrence, this form of the disease requires an immediate surgical operation and removal of a foreign body, otherwise gastritis will develop into an inflammation of the abdominal cavity with a fatal outcome.
Now you know for what reasons acute gastritis can develop. If it is diagnosed in time and properly treated, the disease lasts no more than a week.
IMPORTANT! It should be understood that an attack of gastritis lasts and is treated for up to 5-7 days, but the gastric mucosa recovers much longer, and if you do not provide it with all the conditions for this, there is a risk of the disease flowing from acute to chronic form.
Acute gastritis - signs and symptoms
And now let's figure out what signs you can understand that you have acute gastritis. As in the case of the causes of occurrence, we will divide them into several subspecies.
- Catarrhal gastritis characterized by bloating and feelings of heaviness, the presence of acute pain on an empty stomach or after eating food, vomiting with bile or with a sour taste. Also, with this form of the disease, intestinal function is disturbed, frequent constipation is interspersed with diarrhea. A person has reduced appetite, headaches and malaise, tachycardia, dry mouth and a feeling of unpleasant taste, including on an empty stomach.
- Erosive gastritis can be identified by severe heartburn and by a feeling of nausea, accompanied by pain that stops only after vomiting. Sometimes this form of the disease can be confused with an ulcer attack.
- develops quite quickly, and is accompanied by high fever and extremely severe pain in the abdomen. With these symptoms, the patient should be immediately hospitalized.
- can be identified by vomiting with blood and tissue particles and severe pain when touching or pressing on the stomach. Unlike other forms of gastritis, with a phlegmonous form, not only the stomach, but also the chest can hurt, breathing problems, hoarseness in the voice and a bitter taste in the mouth appear.
IMPORTANT! Signs of acute gastritis appear quite quickly, like the disease itself, within 5-10 hours. At the same time, pain sensations are quite strong, therefore it is almost impossible not to notice them or not to give them due attention.
Video - Gastritis: causes of stomach pain
Chronic gastritis - causes and symptoms
This form of the disease is characterized by sluggish atrophy of the gastric mucosa and the loss of the ability to produce gastric juice and its main component, hydrochloric acid, and as a result, the functioning of the human digestive system is disrupted.
One of the main causes of the disease is malnutrition. If a person eats too much spicy, rough, too cold or too hot food, or eats only dry food, the gastric mucosa is injured and becomes vulnerable to pathogenic microorganisms, such as the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, or to aggressive and harmful substances.
Also, the cause of chronic gastritis is improper treatment of its acute form or uncontrolled intake of a large number of drugs without consulting doctors for a long time.
ADVICE! If you think that you are more likely to develop chronic gastritis - try to give up the abuse of tobacco and alcohol.
According to its signs, symptoms and process, chronic gastritis is divided into several types, presented in the table below.
| Name | Process and consequences | Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Surface | Destruction of the upper layers of the gastric mucosa. The glands that secrete hydrochloric acid and gastric juice are not affected. | Nausea, mild stomach pain, loss of appetite. Symptoms appear in autumn and spring |
| atrophic | The disease destroys both the upper layers of the shell and the glands, tissues atrophy, dysfunction of the digestive systems and problems with the digestion of food | Heartburn, smell of rotten or rotten eggs in the mouth, heaviness in the abdomen, weight loss, occasional abdominal pain |
| With low acidity - hypoacid gastritis | Dysfunction of the digestive system, insufficient secretion of hydrochloric acid. The development of benign tumors, the risk of developing cancer | Mild symptoms, frequent constipation, belching and decreased appetite. An additional sign is the absence of heartburn after eating a large amount of acidic foods. |
| With high acidity - hyperacid gastritis | Violation of the gastric mucosa, problems with digestion of food | Severe heartburn from eating small amounts of acidic foods. Pain in the stomach and epigastric region at night and on an empty stomach |
| autoimmune gastritis | Destruction of mucosal tissues by cells of the immune system. Appears with thyroid disorders, Addison's disease and disorders of the immune system. Increased risk of developing with frequent cases of acute gastritis and factors of unwanted heredity | Bloating and rumbling of the abdomen, flatulence, belching with the smell of rotten eggs, pain after eating. Drowsiness, weight loss, feeling unwell, brittle hair and nails |
It should be understood that in the initial stages it is extremely difficult to recognize chronic gastritis by symptoms and signs, and diagnosis in medical institutions is required to detect the disease. There are two ways to identify gastritis:
Treatment of gastritis - prevention and diet
The main principle that is observed in the treatment of gastritis is the elimination of factors that provoke inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Therefore, proper nutrition is just as important as taking medication. In addition, a well-designed diet for acute gastritis will significantly reduce the risk of its transition to a chronic form.
Immediately upon the occurrence of an acute form of the disease, it is advisable to refuse to eat, so as not to injure the gastric mucosa. Filtered water, Borjomi and not too strong tea are allowed. After the cure, you should switch to a sparing diet, with a small amount of food consumed and without sweet, fatty and spicy. Also, after acute gastritis, it is undesirable to drink alcohol, smoke or drink a lot of coffee.
IMPORTANT! If you need to take medicines for other diseases, consult your doctor first and read the instructions for them.
As for the diet for the treatment and prevention of chronic gastritis, here the list of undesirable foods is almost the same:
- alcohol;
- fatty foods and foods cooked with large amounts of oil;
- too spicy or too salty;
- mushrooms;
- rough food, loading the stomach;
- grapes and grape juice;
- sodas and sweets;
- sausage and smoked meats;
- seasonings;
- excessively hot food;
- completely cold or very cold food.
- Boiled chicken, meat and fish with a low fat content.
- Ukha, chicken and meat broths.
- Grated vegetables and puree.
- Cottage cheese, cheese, kefir and other dairy products.
- Compotes and decoctions from wild rose.
- Mineral water - drink a glass half an hour before meals.
IMPORTANT! For the treatment or prevention of gastritis, it is important not only to eat the right food, but also to competently organize meals - at least 5-6 times a day, in small portions and at short intervals. Diet time - from eight to twelve weeks. It will be useful to combine it with the intake of vitamin complexes, good rest and peace.
Treatment of gastritis
Medicines
It should be understood that taking medications is effective only with a diet. Depending on the cause and degree of the disease, the patient should use the following drugs:
- Antibiotics - needed in situations where gastritis is caused by the activity of microbes.
- Omeprazole - reduces the production of gastric juice and its main component, hydrochloric acid. Reducing acidity is necessary to get rid of pain and protect damaged mucosal cells.
- Almagel and Gastal - create a layer on the surface of the mucous membrane that protects it from damage. These medicines help relieve the sharp pain of gastritis attacks. Requires frequent daily use.
- Sucralfate, Misoprostol and Pepto-Bismol - perform the same function as the drugs in the list above - form a barrier between gastric juice and its walls, giving them the opportunity to recover.
- Medicines that suppress the immune system - are used for autoimmune gastritis, protecting the mucous membrane from destruction by its own immune system.
Before you start taking medications, be sure to undergo a biopsy and FGDS diagnosis and consult with your doctor and discuss with him the various nuances and features of combining gastritis drugs with other medicines.
The procedure for the treatment of gastritis
So what should you do if you suspect you have gastritis?
Timely detection of the disease and competent treatment minimizes the possible consequences and significantly reduces the risk of further outbreaks and exacerbations of gastritis.
Video - How to treat gastritis with folk remedies