Vaccinations 2018
« Vaccinations 2018 "is a vaccination calendar for 2018, which includes a schedule of all necessary preventive vaccinations for children included in national calendar . What vaccinations do children get? This list includes all the necessary vaccinations for children, for kindergarten, entering school, going to camp, etc. Vaccinations in 2018 year will include a standard list of vaccines, including: tetanus vaccination, BCG, DPT vaccinations and others.
The medical portal site, especially for you, dear users, has collected the entire list of mandatory vaccinations for the year in one place, so that you do not look for bits of necessary information on different sites.
Our portal team asks you very much about two things:
Vaccinations 2018
National vaccination calendar for 2018 , includes much of the same vaccine as last year.
Vaccinations for 2018 year will include vaccination against the following diseases:
- Hepatitis B
- Tuberculosis
- Diphtheria
- Whooping cough
- Tetanus
- Rubella
- Mumps (popularly known as “mumps”)
| Child's age | Vaccine type |
| Newborn babies (in the first 12 hours after birth) |
|
| Newborn babies (in the first 3-7 days after birth) |
BCG (short for Bacillus Calmette - Guerin). |
| 1 month | 2nd vaccination against viral hepatitis B. |
| 2 months |
|
| 3 months |
|
| 4.5 months |
|
| 6 months |
|
| 12 months |
|
| 15 months |
|
| 18 months |
|
| 20 months |
|
| 6 years |
|
| 7 years |
|
| 13 years |
|
| 14 years |
|
| Adults |
|
Vaccination calendar 2018
What is a vaccination schedule?
Vaccination calendar - this is a list approved by the Ministry of Health, which indicates the entire list of required vaccines, depending on the age of the patient.
It is worth noting that in Russia the national calendar of preventive vaccinations was approved on June 27, 2001 by Order No. 229 of the Ministry of Health.
National vaccination calendar for 2018
According to vaccination calendar for 2018 Newborn babies receive 2 types of vaccinations:
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B- it is done in the first 24 hours after the birth of the child.
BCG vaccination (against tuberculosis)- this vaccination is given to newborns during the first 3 to 7 days.
Should newborns be vaccinated? This is a difficult question that each family answers differently. There are a lot of reviews and opinions on this matter on the Internet, despite the fact that the opinions are often diametrically opposed. If you vaccinated your child at birth, we VERY ask you to leave it - this is an infectious disease that can affect both animals and people. Tetanus primarily affects the nervous system with the appearance of severe cramps and tonic muscle tension. Most common causes of death in patients with tetanus are: paralysis of the respiratory muscles and, as a result, respiratory arrest, paralysis of the cardiac muscle - cardiac arrest.
Whooping cough- an infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The main symptom of whooping cough is an attack of severe spasmodic cough, which often results in hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Whooping cough is especially dangerous for children up to one year old, as it can cause apnea (stopping breathing). Children most often affected by whooping cough are from 5 to 7 years of age.
Contraindications to DTP vaccination.
Contraindications for DTP are the same as for other vaccines. Get vaccinated ABSOLUTELY impossible only in cases: if the child has a progressive disease of the central nervous system and the child has previously had seizures (if the seizures were not associated with fever).
How is DPT made?
DTP vaccination is done according to calendar of preventive vaccinations 2018. Thus, vaccination against tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria is done in 4 stages: most often at 2, 3, 4 and 12 months.
BCG vaccination 2018
BCG- vaccination against tuberculosis. The vaccine is used for active specific prevention of tuberculosis and is given in the first 3-5 days after the birth of the baby.
How long does it take for immunity to develop after BCG?
In general, anti-tuberculosis immunity is formed in a child during the first year of life. How to understand that a child’s immunity has developed? - if immunity has formed successfully, then a scar will appear on the shoulder at the site where the vaccine was administered, as in the picture below:
Scar after BCG vaccination
Who is the BCG vaccine absolutely contraindicated for?
- in children with immunodeficiency (HIV-positive parents, etc.)
- if the brother or sister of the child who is to be vaccinated has previously had severe complications from BCG vaccination
- children with congenital enzyme metabolism disorders
- for severe genetic diseases in a child, for example, Down syndrome
- for severe diseases of the nervous system, for example, cerebral palsy.
How long does it take to develop immunity after BCG vaccination?
Immunity after a vaccine lasts on average for 5 years.
Since BCG is on the list vaccinations for 2018 year, then parents should under no circumstances refuse this vaccination, since no one is insured against infection with tuberculosis and tuberculosis should not be considered a “disease of the poor”.
Vaccination against polio
The polio vaccine is included in . It is worth distinguishing between 2 types of vaccinations:
What is polio and why is it dangerous?
Polio is an acute infectious disease that affects the gray matter of the spinal cord and causes a disorder in the nervous system, most often leading to paralysis and paresis (decreased muscle function as a result of damage to the corresponding nerve pathway).
A child paralyzed as a result of complications of polio
Is polio vaccination required?
The answer to this question YES! For example, a child will not be accepted into kindergarten until he is vaccinated against polio, since this vaccine is included in the mandatory list of vaccinations 2018.
How many times is the polio vaccine given?
All vaccinations and revaccinations against polio are done 6 times according to vaccination calendar this occurs at: 3 months, 4.5, 6, 18, 20 months and again at 14 years.
When should you not get vaccinated?
Vaccination is not done if the child has severe immunodeficiency of various etiologies.
IMPORTANT! So that a child with an immunodeficiency does not have contact for at least 14 days with a child who has received a live polio vaccine!
Paid vaccination
Vaccination calendar 2018- a list of vaccines is provided for a limited list of diseases that, in the opinion of the Ministry of Health, are most important. These vaccinations can be done for free in clinics, or they can be done for a fee in private clinics (by choosing, for example, the country of the vaccine manufacturer - England, Belgium, France).
Along with the list of required vaccinations 2018, there is also a list of vaccines that are given at the request of the patient, these include:
- Vaccination against chickenpox- it should be done for adults and children over 10 years of age who have not had chickenpox. The vaccine can be given between the ages of 1 and 50 years.
- Hepatitis A vaccination- this vaccination can be done from the 1st year. For children it is carried out in 2 stages, adults receive a double dose in one procedure.
- Vaccination against cervical cancer- done from 10 years to 26. The effectiveness of vaccination against cervical cancer is as much as 100%, due to the immunization of the woman’s body to the human papillomavirus.
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I perfectly understand young mothers who are simply dizzy from the number of vaccinations and the names of vaccines. Nevertheless, the topic of vaccination is extremely important, and therefore parents should understand it themselves, without shifting responsibility to doctors.
Fortunately, this is easy to do if you have at hand an article about the national vaccination calendar 2019.
I collected all the information from official websites, processed it and presented it in simple and accessible language that young parents will understand.
After reading the article, you will be able to freely navigate the topic of vaccinations, control the entire process, the entire vaccination process, you will learn how the national and regional vaccination calendars differ, which vaccines are not in the calendars, how to get vaccinations for free and for a fee, who are children at risk, what should you know every mother about the correct vaccination technique and many other interesting and important points.
Each country in the world has its own vaccination calendar, which is developed taking into account the characteristics of the epidemic situation in a particular state.
These calendars may differ and this is normal. For example, in the US national calendar there is no vaccination against tuberculosis (because the standard of living is very high, and this disease practically does not occur there).
In Russia, the situation with tuberculosis is sad, so we are forced to vaccinate the population in order to contain the epidemic.
The US schedule includes vaccination against varicella (chickenpox). Russia cannot yet afford this, since the vaccine is very expensive, and there are other higher priority areas for spending budget funds. 
The Japanese calendar includes vaccination against Japanese encephalitis. In Russia, no, because for us this infection is very rare.
In general, you understand: the vaccination calendar includes a list of vaccinations against infections, the risk of contracting which is high in this particular country, as well as the schedule, timing and procedure for vaccination.
National vaccination calendar in Russia
In Russia, the vaccination calendar is contained in Order of the Ministry of Health 125n dated March 21, 2014 “On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications” with changes to the current date.
This document can be found on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Health, on the websites of the legal systems Consultant Plus, Garant and other legal portals. However, to save your time, I suggest you familiarize yourself with it in a convenient table.
| At what age is it placed? | What disease is the vaccine for and what vaccine? | Additional Information | |
| Babies of newborn age, within 24 hours of birth | For hepatitis B. The maternity hospital will most likely have a domestically produced vaccine. | The vaccination is tolerated very easily and, for the most part, without any consequences for the condition of the baby. This early date for introducing the vaccine is explained by the fact that infection with hepatitis B in early childhood is extremely dangerous and can lead to disability and even death. But there is always a risk, especially since sad statistics show that more than 32% of the world’s population is infected with this disease. | |
| Babies aged 3 to 7 days of life | For tuberculosis. Only domestic live vaccine is available in maternity hospitals and clinics. | The vaccination is done intradermally; after about 3 weeks, an ulcer forms at the injection site, which cannot be treated with anything, picked or touched. After healing, a scar remains. The early date of vaccination is explained by the high risk of contracting tuberculosis immediately after leaving the walls of the maternity hospital, since the number of patients with an active form of the disease walking freely around the city is truly shocking. | |
| Babies at 1 month | Secondary from hepatitis B. Now not only domestic, but also imported vaccines will be available: Euvax (France), Engerix B (Great Britain), Biovac B (India). | No tests are required before the injection; it is enough that the child is healthy. The vaccine is lightweight and well tolerated. | |
| Babies at 2 months | The third vaccination against hepatitis B is not given to everyone, but only to children from risk groups. | We are talking, for example, about children born to mothers who are carriers of hepatitis B. | |
| First vaccination against pneumococcal infection. As a rule, it is done with the imported Prevenar vaccine made in the USA. | Its purpose: protection against the microbe pneumococcus, which causes severe otitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia. | ||
| Babies at 3 months | The first serious comprehensive vaccination against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria (DTP). You can supply a domestic vaccine or a foreign one. Infanrix Hexa (Belgium), Pentaxim (France) are available for a fee. | The vaccination itself is extremely important and will provide the baby with protection from severe and dangerous infections. Imported vaccines are highly purified and rarely cause unwanted reactions. | |
| A domestic vaccine can be supplied against polio. However, the above-mentioned Pentaxim and Infanrix Hexa are convenient because they also contain an anti-poliomyelitis component, which means no unnecessary injections! | The vaccine is administered inactivated (with killed virus cells) and is usually easily tolerated. Protects against a terrible infection found in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, etc. | ||
| From hemophilus influenzae infection for children at risk. | |||
| Children aged 4.5 months | From whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria (second DPT). | It is convenient to combine three injections into one by purchasing the paid vaccine Pentaxim or Infanrix Hexa. | |
| Against hemophilus influenzae infection. | |||
| Against polio. | |||
| Against pneumococcal infection. | Now the baby is protected from the microbe pneumococcus. | ||
| Babies aged 6 months | From diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough for the third time. | If it is possible not to torment your baby with several injections, it is wise to purchase a paid vaccine and combine everything into one injection. | |
| From hepatitis B for the third time. | |||
| From polio for the third time. | |||
| From hemophilus influenzae infection for the third time, not for everyone, but only for children at risk. | |||
| Children aged 12 months | For measles, rubella and mumps (MMR). Vaccination with both domestic vaccines and imported Priorix (Belgium) is possible. | Mandatory protection against severe bacterial complications of measles (for example, blindness, deafness, pneumonia), rubella. Protection against mumps is extremely important for boys, since a quarter of all cases of male infertility are caused by mumps (mumps) suffered in childhood. | |
| For hepatitis B for the fourth time for children at risk. | It is not given to everyone, but as prescribed by a pediatrician. | ||
| Children aged 15 months | For pneumococcal infection - revaccination. | To maintain reliable immunity to the pathogen - pneumococcus. | |
| One and a half year old toddlers | For polio – the first revaccination. | Revaccination against polio is recommended not with an inactivated vaccine, as before, but with a live oral one. This will provide higher and more reliable immunity from various forms of pathogens of this dangerous disease. | |
| For whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria - the first revaccination. | Mandatory vaccination is almost complete, just a little more! | ||
| From hemophilus influenzae infection for children at risk. | |||
| Babies at 20 months | For polio – second revaccination. | ||
| Guys at 6 years old | For measles, rubella and mumps (mumps) – revaccination. | To maintain immunity. | |
| Guys aged 6-7 years | For diphtheria and tetanus - revaccination. As a rule, a domestic vaccine is given. | A local reaction is possible - compaction at the injection site. | |
| For tuberculosis - revaccination | It is prescribed by a doctor, not to everyone, but only to those who have a negative Mantoux test. | ||
| Teenagers at 14 years old | For diphtheria and tetanus - revaccination for the third time. | The injection is given in the upper third of the shoulder. | |
| For polio – revaccination for the third time. | Do it as prescribed by the doctor. | ||
| Adults 18 and older | For diphtheria and tetanus - this and subsequent revaccinations every 10 years until the end of life. | Immunity to dangerous diseases is not infinite, and it must be maintained. | |
| All children and adults under 55 years of age, if they have not been vaccinated before or there is no information about this | From hepatitis B. | In the future, it is necessary to maintain immunity by repeating the vaccination every 10 years. | |
| All children and adults aged 1 to 18 years | For rubella | It is important to get vaccinated against rubella to maintain herd immunity and prevent the virus from circulating. Rubella infection in a pregnant woman is guaranteed to cause miscarriage and severe developmental defects of the child. | |
| Children and adults up to 35 years old | For measles | Revaccination against measles is carried out every 10 years | |
| Children over 6 months and adults | For influenza. There are domestic vaccines: “Sovigripp”, “Grippol”, as well as foreign ones “Influvac” (Netherlands), “Vaxigripp” (France). | At risk for influenza are small children (over 6 months, because the mother’s antibodies are still active), schoolchildren and students, pensioners, pregnant women, housing and communal services workers, transport, medical workers, and people with chronic diseases. That is, all those who are at risk of suffering from severe flu and complications. |
Regional vaccination calendar
In addition to the national vaccination calendar, which contains a list of diseases for which vaccination is guaranteed by the state for every resident of the country, there are regional vaccination calendars of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Depending on the presence of special conditions or risk of diseases in any region, the region allocates money in the local budget for additional vaccination.
In the Sverdlovsk region, for example, all children are vaccinated free of charge against tick-borne encephalitis (due to the high risk of contracting this disease from a tick carrier during the warm season) and hepatitis A (since the situation with the quality of tap water in the region is not very good).
Therefore, depending on what region, territory or republic you live in, you have the right to learn about additional free vaccinations that are guaranteed to you by the regional vaccination calendar.
About children at risk
In the vaccination calendar, for each disease, the concept of children and adults from risk groups is highlighted. These are the people who are most at risk of contracting a particular disease.
For them, the calendar provides for a special vaccination procedure, which implies additional doses of vaccines, as well as shorter periods between them, to ensure the rapid production of antiviral antibodies to the infectious agent, that is, in simple terms, to obtain high protection in the shortest possible time.
For example, a baby born to a woman infected with hepatitis B is at risk for this disease.
A child born in a family where one of the relatives has tuberculosis is at risk for tuberculosis.
Elderly people, children attending kindergartens, schoolchildren, pregnant women are at risk for influenza, because the disease can be especially severe in them.
Children and adults who travel frequently are at risk for hepatitis A.
Boys are at risk for mumps (mumps), as a quarter of those who contract the disease become infertile in the future.
Are vaccinations required?
If after reading it you still doubt the need for vaccination, then, of course, you should know the following.
According to clause 4 of the Order of the Ministry of Health, which we talked about at the beginning of the article, you have the right to refuse vaccinations by formalizing your refusal in writing.
However, if you exercise this right, you and the child will have to regularly face the consequences of such a refusal throughout childhood.
Practice shows that unvaccinated children and their parents have problems with enrolling in kindergartens, schools, and sections at every step.
During periods of high incidence, unvaccinated children are the first to be removed from educational institutions in order to prevent the growth of epidemics. 
In addition, an increasing number of conscious parents are against the presence of unvaccinated children in the children's group, who can act as hidden carriers of a number of dangerous infections, from which vaccination protects other children. We are talking, first of all, about tuberculosis, hepatitis B, polio, measles, mumps, etc.
Latest changes in the vaccination calendar
The most significant and tangible changes in the vaccination calendar occurred in 2016, when free vaccination against pneumococcal infection for all children under 5 years of age was added to the list of vaccinations.
This vaccination protects babies from the pneumococcus microbe, which is to blame for severe bacterial sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia.
The last changes to the order were made on April 13, 2017 and they are not so significant. Some wording was adjusted, the procedure for vaccinating children with immunodeficiency and other serious diseases was clarified, the concept of immunobiological drugs was introduced, and the procedure for vaccination against polio for epidemic indications was clarified (probably due to an increase in focal outbreaks of this infection in Russia and Ukraine).
How and where to vaccinate your child
If you and your baby are citizens of the Russian Federation, you have the right to contact any insurance company that provides compulsory health insurance services with a passport and birth certificate of the child in order to apply for a compulsory medical insurance policy.
Immediately after submitting your application, you will be issued a temporary policy (for the time being until a permanent one is issued).
With this document, you already have the right to contact any children's clinic to register and get all vaccinations according to the national and regional calendars for free, or find out from your local pediatrician how you can pay for an imported vaccine and get vaccinated with it.
If you are not citizens of the Russian Federation, or prefer paid medicine, you can contact a commercial medical center that provides childhood vaccination services (accordingly, there is a license for this activity).
As a rule, such medical centers offer imported vaccines instead of free domestic ones, although the former may cost an order of magnitude more - this should also be taken into account.
Vaccination technique: what mom should know
Most mothers do not have medical education and blindly trust doctors. However, when it comes to injections and any manipulations associated with damage to the skin, blood, etc., every parent should know the basic safety principles of such manipulations. 
Simply because your child’s health is most valuable to you. So study and remember!
- Before vaccination, the child must be examined by a doctor to make sure that the baby is healthy and there are no contraindications to vaccination. Usually the doctor examines the throat, listens to the chest and back, and measures the temperature. If everything is fine and you have no other complaints, then vaccination is allowed.
- By law, you must sign a consent to perform any medical procedures on your child, and also have the right to be present during these manipulations.
- Carefully ensure that the vaccine is removed from its original packaging, ask to see the name of the drug to ensure that you are receiving exactly the vaccine that you agree to.
- Make sure the nurse uses disposable syringes, needles, and other instruments.
- For children under one year of age, the injection is given exclusively in the thigh. Under no circumstances in the butt, because there is a high probability of damage to the sciatic nerve.
- For children after one year of age, the vaccine is given in the upper third of the shoulder or thigh, unless otherwise indicated by the vaccine manufacturer.
- If there is a need to give several vaccinations at once, they are given to different parts of the body. For example, in the right thigh, left thigh, right shoulder, left shoulder. Purely theoretically, it is possible to simultaneously administer 4 different vaccines.
What to do if you missed a vaccination?
The vaccination calendar was developed by scientists as an ideal vaccination plan, in which the child receives maximum protection from the virus as soon as possible (when protective maternal antibodies for each individual virus disappear in the body), but with minimal risk of side effects and unwanted reactions. This is an ideal plan that you should try to follow.
However, life makes its own adjustments. There are long-term illnesses, trips and other circumstances in which the vaccination plan is violated. What to do in this case? Start over? It turns out not.
You just need to administer all the missing, missed doses of vaccines according to the schedule, while observing the minimum possible time intervals between them.
In most cases, it turns out that even with interruptions due to life circumstances, the child usually completes the main vaccination by the age of three years, that is, by the age of going to kindergarten and active socialization in children's groups.
What vaccinations are not on the calendar?
There are vaccinations that are not included in the national and regional calendars, however, vaccines against these diseases exist, and parents can protect their child from infection for an additional fee.
We are talking, for example, about chickenpox, rotavirus infection, meningococcal infection, and a vaccine against cervical cancer (for girls).
Often these drugs are not cheap. However, is there anything more valuable than children's health?
In this article you will learn what vaccinations and at what age your child should receive them.
Ministry health annually reviews and approves the vaccination calendar. Changes are made depending on epidemiological situation in the country. A fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was added to the calendar in 2016.
Table: Vaccination calendar for children under 14 years of age
| Children's age | Name of vaccination | Order of conduct | Note (off schedule) |
| Newborns in the first day of life | First vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in newborns, including those from risk groups: those born to mothers who are carriers of HBsAg; patients with viral hepatitis B or who have had viral hepatitis B in the third trimester of pregnancy; who do not have test results for hepatitis B markers; drug addicts, in families in which there is a carrier of HBsAg or a patient with acute viral hepatitis B and chronic viral hepatitis (hereinafter referred to as risk groups). | |
| Newborns on the 3rd - 7th day of life | Vaccination against tuberculosis | Vaccines are administered to newborns to prevent tuberculosis (for gentle primary immunization) in accordance with the instructions for their use. In subjects of the Russian Federation with incidence rates exceeding 80 per 100 thousand population, as well as in the presence of tuberculosis patients in the newborn’s environment, a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. | |
| Children at 1 month | Second vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in children of this age group, including those from risk groups. | 1 month after the first |
| Children at 3 months. | First vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | ||
| First vaccination against polio | |||
| Children from 3 to 6 months. | First vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children belonging to risk groups: with immunodeficiency conditions or anatomical defects leading to a sharply increased risk of contracting Hib infection; with oncohematological diseases and/or receiving immunosuppressive therapy for a long time; HIV-infected or born from HIV-infected mothers; located in closed preschool institutions (orphanages, orphanages, specialized boarding schools (for children with psychoneurological diseases, etc.), anti-tuberculosis sanitary and health institutions). | Vaccination course against hemophilus influenzae for children aged 3 to 6 months. consists of 3 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-1.5 months. For children who have not received their first vaccination at 3 months, immunization is carried out according to the following scheme: for children aged 6 to 12 months. of 2 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-1.5 months. for children from 1 year to 5 years single injection 0.5 ml |
| Children at 4.5 months | Second vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | 45 days after the first vaccination | |
| Second vaccination against polio | Carried out with vaccines for the prevention of polio (inactivated) in accordance with the instructions for their use | ||
| Second vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who received their first vaccination at 3 months. | ||
|
Children at 6 months |
Third vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who received the first and second vaccinations at 3 and 4.5 months. respectively | |
| Third vaccination against polio | Children of this age group are given vaccines to prevent polio (live) in accordance with the instructions for their use. Children staying in closed preschool institutions (children's homes, orphanages, specialized boarding schools for children with psychoneurological diseases, etc.), anti-tuberculosis sanitary and health institutions), according to indications, are vaccinated three times with vaccines for the prevention of polio (inactivated) | ||
| Third vaccination against viral hepatitis B | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who do not belong to risk groups who received the first and second vaccinations at 0 and 1 month. respectively |
After 6 months after the start of vaccination |
|
| Third vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children who received the first and second vaccinations at 3 and 4.5 months. respectively | 45 days after the second vaccination | |
| Children at 12 months | Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in children of this age group | |
| Fourth vaccination against viral hepatitis B | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk | Innovation 2016 | |
| Children at 18 months. | First revaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus | Carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines in children of this age group | One year after completed vaccination |
| First revaccination against polio | After 2 months after completed vaccination | ||
| Revaccination against Haemophilus influenzae | Revaccinations are carried out once for children vaccinated in the first year of life in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines | ||
| Children at 20 months. | Second revaccination against polio | Vaccines for the prevention of polio (live) are given to children of this age group in accordance with the instructions for their use | After 2 months after the first revaccination |
| Children aged 6 | Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps | Conducted in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children of this age group who have received vaccination against measles, rubella, and mumps | 6 years after vaccination |
| Children aged 6-7 years | Second revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | 5 years after the first revaccination | |
| Children aged 7 | |||
| Children aged 14 | Third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus | It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of toxoids with a reduced content of antigens to children of this age group | 7 years after the second revaccination |
| Third revaccination against polio | Vaccines for the prevention of polio (live) are given to children of this age group in accordance with the instructions for their use | ||
| Revaccination against tuberculosis | Vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis are administered to tuberculin-negative children of this age group who are not infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in accordance with the instructions for their use | Children with a negative Mantoux reaction | |
| Children from 2 months. up to 5 years | Vaccination against pneumococcal infection |
It is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines annually for these categories of citizens. The vaccine used is Prevenar. In the first year of life, vaccination is carried out twice with an interval of at least 2 months, starting from 2 months, revaccination - at 12-15 months. The minimum interval between vaccination and revaccination is 4 months. If vaccination with this vaccine is carried out after 12 months, the vaccination is done twice with an interval of 2 months, revaccination is not required. After 2 years of age, vaccination with the Prevenar vaccine is given once, revaccination is not required. |
Russian vaccination calendar for children under one year old
As we can see from the table, children under one year of age should be vaccinated against the following diseases:
- viral hepatitis B
- tuberculosis
- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
- polio
- measles, rubella, mumps
- hemophilus influenzae infection
- pneumococcal infection
Russian vaccination calendar for children under 3 years of age
Children from one to three years of age must undergo revaccination against the following diseases:
- diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
- polio
- hemophilus influenzae infection
- pneumococcal infection
Table: Vaccination calendar Kazakhstan year
The following vaccination schedule for children has been approved in Kazakhstan.
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1-4 days of life | Tuberculosis Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) |
| 2 months | Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) |
| 3 months | Poliomyelitis (OPV) Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 4 months | Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis (OPV) Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 12-15 months | Measles Mumps |
| 18 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) |
| 7 years (1st grade) | Tuberculosis Measles Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS) |
| 12 years | Tuberculosis |
| 15 years | Diphtheria (BP-m) |
| 16 years | Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS-m) |
| Every 10 years | Diphtheria, tetanus (ADS-m) |
Table: Vaccination calendar Ukraine
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1 day | Hepatitis B |
| 3-5 day | Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 1 month | Hepatitis B |
| 3 months | Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 4 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP) Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 5 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP) Poliomyelitis |
| 6 months | Hepatitis B |
| 12 months | Measles, rubella, mumps (MMR) |
| 18 months | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP) Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 6 years | Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DTP) Poliomyelitis Measles, rubella, mumps (MMR) |
| 7 years | Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 14 years | Diphreria, tetanus (ADS) Poliomyelitis |
Is there a new vaccine on the vaccination schedule?
Yes, the Ministry of Health revised the vaccination schedule and decided to pay more attention to vaccinating children against hepatitis B. Thus, in 2016, the fourth vaccination against hepatitis B was introduced for children aged 12 months. This vaccination is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of vaccines for children at risk.
Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 125 dated March 21, 2014 approved a new national calendar of mandatory preventive vaccinations and a calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemiological indications.
On a note
1. Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal infections has been introduced into the new calendar of compulsory preventive vaccinations in the Russian Federation.
2. The preventive vaccinations indicated in the calendar are mandatory. All other preventive vaccinations are used according to epidemiological indications. That is, they are carried out, if necessary, against certain infections and certain categories of citizens, as well as depending on the place of residence (for example, against tularemia, anthrax, tick-borne encephalitis and others).
Let's talk about everything in more detail...
How did the concept of “Preventive Vaccination Calendar” come about?
It was introduced in the 40s of the last century due to the increase in the number of vaccines.
Now each country has its own national vaccine calendar.
Available differences in the national calendar of compulsory preventive vaccinations in Russia from the calendars of other developed countries. The difference is that our calendar does not include mandatory preventive vaccinations against meningococcal and rotavirus infections, viral hepatitis A and chickenpox.
Why is vaccination against tuberculosis important?
Basic principles of vaccination
The first vaccination is carried out in the maternity hospital on days 3-7 of life with the BCG or BCG-M vaccine.
If for some reason the child did not receive a vaccination against tuberculosis in the first days of life, then he is then vaccinated according to the scheme: up to two months of life - without a Mantoux reaction, over two months of life - only after a Mantoux reaction.
Why is vaccination against hepatitis B important?
The hepatitis B virus is 100 times more contagious than the AIDS virus. Therefore, if a woman is a carrier of the hepatitis B virus, then the risk of transmitting it to the child during childbirth is about 70-90%. During breastfeeding, as well as during close contact between mother and child, the risk of transmission of the virus also remains quite high.
Of course, all expectant mothers are examined for the presence of the Australian antigen in their body, but the method used does not detect it in 40% of cases.
Basic principles of vaccination
If the child is healthy, then he is vaccinated according to the general scheme: 0-1-6 months. When using combination vaccines, a second vaccine is allowed at two or three months. The third vaccination is carried out no earlier than six months after the first.
However, the scheme is changing if the baby is at risk: the mother is sick with acute or chronic form of hepatitis B or there are intravenous drug addicts in the family.
In this case, the baby is vaccinated at birth, then at the age of one, two and twelve months (0-1-2-12 months).
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Why is vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal infections important?
Most common in children under five years of age pneumococcal infection causes pneumonia (70-90% of all cases) and otitis media with perforation of the eardrum (50% of cases), pneumococcal meningitis (5-15% of all cases).
From hemophilus influenzae infection Children under five years of age are also most often affected. It leads to the development of bronchitis, osteomyelitis (an inflammatory process affecting the bone marrow), epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis), and arthritis.
Moreover, the diseases are severe and difficult to treat, leading to the development of a large number of complications: respiratory and/or heart failure, cerebral edema and others. Because these infections are resistant to almost all types of antibiotics, and the capsule of the pathogens themselves is too simple for the immune system to respond to them in full force.
Moreover, it is important to immunize the baby as early as possible. Because maternal antibody cells, which the baby receives from mother’s milk, protect against these two infections only until the third month of life.
Basic principles of vaccination
The timing of vaccination corresponds to those indicated in the national calendar. Particular attention is paid to children at risk (for example, those who are often sick). If necessary, they are vaccinated according to an individual scheme.
Why is DTP vaccination and polio vaccination important?
Polio is a terrible disease because it causes the development of paralysis, leading to the development of disability.
Diphtheria and tetanus- deadly infections. Tetanus leads to the development of severe general convulsions and breathing problems, often to death. Diphtheria occurs with a pronounced violation of the general condition (high body temperature, impaired consciousness, etc.), spasm of the laryngeal muscles (causes suffocation). Unfortunately, the outcome of the disease is often the death of the patient.
Whooping cough- a severe infection that causes the development of spasmodic paroxysmal cough, disturbances in the functioning of the heart and other complications.
The vaccination is quite serious and not all babies tolerate it easily. Therefore, by this age, the baby must be examined by all specialists, and also undergo all examinations in accordance with the schedule of medical examinations.
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Basic principles of vaccination
The vaccination is quite serious, not all children tolerate it easily. Therefore, before it, it is necessary to examine the baby and make sure that he is absolutely healthy: a general blood test, a general urine test, an examination by a neurologist, an ultrasound of the brain.
After receiving the results and conclusions, the child is vaccinated. Then he receives revaccination in accordance with the periods specified in the national vaccination calendar.
Why is vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps important?
Measles, mumps and rubella are childhood infections. It would seem that there is nothing terrible about them. After all, our grandparents suffered from them in childhood. However, this is not the case, since infections may lead to complications:
- Mumps. Sometimes deafness occurs, pancreatitis or diabetes mellitus type II develops, and infertility in boys.
- Rubella. If a girl does not have immunity to rubella, she can get this infection during pregnancy. Which can lead to the formation of congenital developmental anomalies in the fetus (heart defects, visual and hearing organs, nervous system and others), miscarriage and some other consequences.
- Measles. Pneumonia, croup (inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx, leading to the development of suffocation), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and other complications develop.
Basic principles of vaccination
Before vaccination, the Mantoux test is performed. The goal is to test the ability of the immune system to protect the child from tuberculosis after BCG in the maternity hospital, and also to make sure that the child does not become infected with this dangerous infection.
72 hours after the manipulation, the result of the Mantoux test is assessed. The child is then vaccinated against measles, rubella and mumps.
Is it better to use imported or domestic vaccines?
To answer this question, let's take a brief look at some of the vaccines that are used in medical treatment facilities.
Vaccination against tuberculosis in Russia it is carried out using the BCG and BCG-M vaccines. Each country uses its own vaccines (domestic), since they contain live attenuated vaccines and therefore cannot be transported.
BCG-M contains a reduced number of bacteria, so it is more weakened, but at the same time it produces sufficient immunity. In this regard, recently preference has been given to the BCG-M vaccine.
For vaccination against viral hepatitis B Both domestic (for example, Combiotex) and imported (for example, Engerix B) vaccines are used. They are absolutely safe, but even if they cause side effects, they do so with approximately the same frequency.
For vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and polio Both domestic vaccines and imported combined ones are used.
Domestic vaccines are whole-cell vaccines containing killed pertussis microorganisms, purified bacterial tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (DTP), as well as surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (Bubo-Kok).
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Imported combination vaccines— acellular, containing only the proteins of the pathogen and their toxoids (do not contain cells).
Therefore, domestic vaccines cause more side effects (mainly due to the pertussis component): high fever, convulsions and others.
When using domestic vaccines, a child receives from 18 to 21 injections. Whereas when using imported combination vaccines, their number is reduced to 13 (Pentxim) and 11 (Infanrix Hexa) injections. Since imported vaccines contain several components: "Pentxim" - against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hemophilus influenzae infection, "Infanrix Hexa" - against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, viral hepatitis B and hemophilus influenzae infection.
In medical treatment and prevention institutions, free domestic vaccines are used for healthy children, and imported vaccines are used for children with long-term medical exemptions or allergic reactions. The extent to which doctors adhere to this principle depends on the specific medical treatment facility and the availability of imported vaccines.
If you have the financial opportunity, you can only vaccinate your child with an imported vaccine, even if he is absolutely healthy.
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Main absolute contraindications to vaccination
General contraindications for all vaccines
- Development of complications or severe reaction to the previous administration of the vaccine of this series: body temperature above 40C, convulsions, severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock, urticaria, Quincke's edema).
- Convulsions at normal body temperature.
- Marked decrease in immunity- for all vaccines containing live weakened bacterial cells (for example, BCG).
Contraindications for BCG and BCG-M
- The child weighs 2000 grams or less.
- Children born to HIV-infected mothers until their HIV status is determined.
Contraindications for vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps
The presence of severe forms of allergic reactions (Quincke's edema, urticaria) to aminoglycoside antibiotics: gentamicin, kanamycin.
For vaccines that are produced in chicken embryos- an allergic reaction to chicken or quail egg white (for example, the Priorix vaccine is produced in chicken embryo cell culture).
Contraindications for hepatitis B vaccination
- Allergic reactions to baker's yeast (for example, the Combiotex vaccine is made with baker's yeast).
- The child's weight is less than 1400 grams.
Contraindications for DTP
- Progressive diseases of the nervous system: multiple sclerosis, syringomyelia, and so on.
- Convulsions without fever.
Exist temporary contraindications to vaccinations: acute viral or bacterial infection, diseases of the nervous system (for example, consequences of birth trauma) and other diseases. After recovery or the disease goes into remission (symptoms fade), the child is vaccinated.
In order for the vaccination to fulfill its purpose (the production of antibodies by the immune system to the administered vaccine) and not lead to the development of undesirable consequences, the child must be absolutely healthy at the time of vaccination!
How to prepare a child for vaccination?
What interval should be observed between vaccinations?
If vaccinations are of the same series, for example, against pneumococcal infection, then the interval between them should be at least one month, and for DPT - 45 days.
In all other cases, vaccination is possible even the next day after the last vaccination, but provided that the baby is absolutely healthy.
What to do if the vaccination schedule has changed?
In this case, the child is vaccinated according to an individual schedule.
If necessary the child receives a “catch-up” vaccination, but from different series. That is, it is allowed to administer several vaccines on the same day, but in different parts of the body. Thus, the intervals between vaccinations are reduced. Because if they lengthen, the quality of post-vaccination immunity is significantly lower.
For example, a child receives a vaccination against pneumococcal infection and viral hepatitis B on the same day. Then the first vaccine is injected into the muscle of one thigh, and the second into the muscle of the other thigh.
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To bathe or not to bathe a child on the day of vaccination?
It all depends on the vaccine administered:
- Vaccination against tuberculosis. On the first day the child cannot be bathed, but only washed. The next day you can bathe the baby, but avoid rubbing the injection site.
- Vaccination against any other infection. The instructions indicate that bathing the child is allowed. However, it is still better to refrain from water procedures on this day, as well as walks on the street in the autumn-spring period of the year. Because the immune system produces antibodies to the administered vaccine. And any hypothermia can lead to the acquisition of insufficient post-vaccination immunity, or to illness.
Preventive vaccinations are a complex topic with many pitfalls.
Therefore, vaccination must be approached individually and carefully in each specific case. After all, a child is often vaccinated according to an individual vaccination schedule due to the fact that he had long-term medical exemptions or had a pronounced reaction to the previous administration of the vaccine. Therefore, the most important assistant to the doctor is you. Because by telling you in detail about your baby, you will help the doctor make the right decision.
After all, the main principle of medicine is "Do no harm". In relation to vaccinations, it means the following: to vaccinate the baby correctly and on time, minimizing the likelihood of developing undesirable consequences, and also to obtain good post-vaccination immunity, which will protect the baby from dangerous infections.
If you decide to refuse vaccinations for your child, you will find the material on Yu-Mama useful:
resident physician of the children's department