Cheat sheet with formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam
Cheat sheet with formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam
And not only (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11). First, a picture that can be printed in a compact form.
And not only (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11). First, a picture that can be printed in a compact form.
Cheat sheet with formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam and more (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11).
and more (may be needed for grades 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11).
And then a Word file that contains all the formulas to print, which are located at the bottom of the article.
Mechanics
- Pressure P=F/S
- Density ρ=m/V
- Pressure at liquid depth P=ρ∙g∙h
- Gravity Ft=mg
- 5. Archimedean force Fa=ρ f ∙g∙Vt
- Equation of motion for uniformly accelerated motion
X=X 0 + υ 0 ∙t+(a∙t 2)/2 S=( υ 2 -υ 0 2) /2a S=( υ +υ 0) ∙t /2
- Velocity equation for uniformly accelerated motion υ =υ 0 +a∙t
- Acceleration a=( υ -υ 0)/t
- Circular speed υ =2πR/T
- Centripetal acceleration a= υ 2/R
- Relationship between period and frequency ν=1/T=ω/2π
- Newton's II law F=ma
- Hooke's law Fy=-kx
- Law of Gravity F=G∙M∙m/R 2
- Weight of a body moving with acceleration a P=m(g+a)
- Weight of a body moving with acceleration а↓ Р=m(g-a)
- Friction force Ftr=µN
- Body momentum p=m υ
- Force impulse Ft=∆p
- Moment of force M=F∙ℓ
- Potential energy of a body raised above the ground Ep=mgh
- Potential energy of an elastically deformed body Ep=kx 2 /2
- Kinetic energy of the body Ek=m υ 2 /2
- Work A=F∙S∙cosα
- Power N=A/t=F∙ υ
- Efficiency η=Ap/Az
- Oscillation period of a mathematical pendulum T=2π√ℓ/g
- Oscillation period of a spring pendulum T=2 π √m/k
- Equation of harmonic vibrations Х=Хmax∙cos ωt
- Relationship between wavelength, its speed and period λ= υ T
Molecular physics and thermodynamics
- Amount of substance ν=N/Na
- Molar mass M=m/ν
- Wed. kin. energy of monatomic gas molecules Ek=3/2∙kT
- Basic MKT equation P=nkT=1/3nm 0 υ 2
- Gay-Lussac's law (isobaric process) V/T =const
- Charles's law (isochoric process) P/T =const
- Relative humidity φ=P/P 0 ∙100%
- Int. energy ideal. monatomic gas U=3/2∙M/µ∙RT
- Gas work A=P∙ΔV
- Boyle's law - Mariotte (isothermal process) PV=const
- Amount of heat during heating Q=Cm(T 2 -T 1)
- Amount of heat during melting Q=λm
- Amount of heat during vaporization Q=Lm
- Amount of heat during fuel combustion Q=qm
- Equation of state of an ideal gas PV=m/M∙RT
- First law of thermodynamics ΔU=A+Q
- Efficiency of heat engines η= (Q 1 - Q 2)/ Q 1
- Efficiency is ideal. engines (Carnot cycle) η= (T 1 - T 2)/ T 1
Electrostatics and electrodynamics - formulas in physics
- Coulomb's law F=k∙q 1 ∙q 2 /R 2
- Electric field strength E=F/q
- Electrical tension point charge field E=k∙q/R 2
- Surface charge density σ = q/S
- Electrical tension fields of an infinite plane E=2πkσ
- Dielectric constant ε=E 0 /E
- Potential energy of interaction. charges W= k∙q 1 q 2 /R
- Potential φ=W/q
- Point charge potential φ=k∙q/R
- Voltage U=A/q
- For a uniform electric field U=E∙d
- Electric capacity C=q/U
- Electric capacity of a flat capacitor C=S∙ ε ∙ε 0 /d
- Energy of a charged capacitor W=qU/2=q²/2С=CU²/2
- Current strength I=q/t
- Conductor resistance R=ρ∙ℓ/S
- Ohm's law for the circuit section I=U/R
- Laws of the last. connections I 1 =I 2 =I, U 1 +U 2 =U, R 1 +R 2 =R
- Laws parallel. conn. U 1 =U 2 =U, I 1 +I 2 =I, 1/R 1 +1/R 2 =1/R
- Electric current power P=I∙U
- Joule-Lenz law Q=I 2 Rt
- Ohm's law for a complete circuit I=ε/(R+r)
- Short circuit current (R=0) I=ε/r
- Magnetic induction vector B=Fmax/ℓ∙I
- Ampere power Fa=IBℓsin α
- Lorentz force Fl=Bqυsin α
- Magnetic flux Ф=BSсos α Ф=LI
- Law of electromagnetic induction Ei=ΔФ/Δt
- Induction emf in a moving conductor Ei=Вℓ υ sinα
- Self-induction EMF Esi=-L∙ΔI/Δt
- Coil magnetic field energy Wm=LI 2 /2
- Oscillation period no. circuit T=2π ∙√LC
- Inductive reactance X L =ωL=2πLν
- Capacitance Xc=1/ωC
- Effective current value Id=Imax/√2,
- Effective voltage value Ud=Umax/√2
- Impedance Z=√(Xc-X L) 2 +R 2
Optics
- Law of light refraction n 21 =n 2 /n 1 = υ 1 / υ 2
- Refractive index n 21 =sin α/sin γ
- Thin lens formula 1/F=1/d + 1/f
- Lens optical power D=1/F
- max interference: Δd=kλ,
- min interference: Δd=(2k+1)λ/2
- Differential grid d∙sin φ=k λ
The quantum physics
- Einstein's Physics for the photoelectric effect hν=Aout+Ek, Ek=U z e
- Red border of the photoelectric effect ν k = Aout/h
- Photon momentum P=mc=h/ λ=E/s
Physics of the atomic nucleus
- Law of radioactive decay N=N 0 ∙2 - t / T
- Binding energy of atomic nuclei
E CB =(Zm p +Nm n -Мя)∙c 2
ONE HUNDRED
- t=t 1 /√1-υ 2 /c 2
- ℓ=ℓ 0 ∙√1-υ 2 /c 2
- υ 2 =(υ 1 +υ)/1+ υ 1 ∙υ/c 2
- E = m With 2
In order to successfully prepare for the CT in physics and mathematics, among other things, it is necessary to fulfill three most important conditions:
- Study all topics and complete all tests and assignments given in the educational materials on this site. To do this, you need nothing at all, namely: devote three to four hours every day to preparing for the CT in physics and mathematics, studying theory and solving problems. The fact is that the CT is an exam where it is not enough just to know physics or mathematics, you also need to be able to quickly and without failures solve a large number of problems on different topics and of varying complexity. The latter can only be learned by solving thousands of problems.
- Learn all the formulas and laws in physics, and formulas and methods in mathematics. In fact, this is also very simple to do; there are only about 200 necessary formulas in physics, and even a little less in mathematics. In each of these subjects there are about a dozen standard methods for solving problems of a basic level of complexity, which can also be learned, and thus, completely automatically and without difficulty solving most of the CT at the right time. After this, you will only have to think about the most difficult tasks.
- Attend all three stages of rehearsal testing in physics and mathematics. Each RT can be visited twice to decide on both options. Again, on the CT, in addition to the ability to quickly and efficiently solve problems, and knowledge of formulas and methods, you must also be able to properly plan time, distribute forces, and most importantly, correctly fill out the answer form, without confusing the numbers of answers and problems, or your own last name. Also, during RT, it is important to get used to the style of asking questions in problems, which may seem very unusual to an unprepared person at the DT.
Successful, diligent and responsible implementation of these three points will allow you to show an excellent result at the CT, the maximum of what you are capable of.
Found a mistake?
If you think you have found an error in the training materials, please write about it by email. You can also report an error on the social network (). In the letter, indicate the subject (physics or mathematics), the name or number of the topic or test, the number of the problem, or the place in the text (page) where, in your opinion, there is an error. Also describe what the suspected error is. Your letter will not go unnoticed, the error will either be corrected, or they will explain to you why it is not an error.
The Unified State Exam covers information on the entire physics course from grades 7 to 11. However, if some physics formulas for the Unified State Exam are memorized well on their own, you have to work on others. We will look at some formulas that are useful for solving various problems.
Kinematics
Let's start traditionally with kinematics. A common mistake here is incorrect calculation of the average speed of uneven linear motion. In this case, they try to solve problems using the arithmetic mean. However, everything is not so simple. The arithmetic mean is only a special case. And to find the average speed of movement there is a useful formula:
where S is the entire path traveled by the body in a certain time t.
Molecular Kinetic Theory (MKT)
MCT can set many insidious “traps” for an inattentive student. To avoid this, you need to be fluent in physics formulas for the Unified State Exam in this area.
Let's start with the Mendeleev-Clapeyron law, which is used for ideal gases. It sounds like this:
where p is the gas pressure,
V is the volume it occupies,
n – amount of gas,
R – universal gas constant,
T – temperature.
Pay attention to examples of problems using this law.
Everyone has an idea of what humidity is. Relative humidity values are reported daily in the media. The following formula will be useful for the exam: 
here f – relative air humidity,
ρ – density of water vapor in the air,
ρ0 – saturated vapor density at a specific temperature.
This last value is a table value, so it should be in the problem statement.
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch quite close to MCT, so many concepts overlap. Thermodynamics is based on its two principles. Almost every problem in this field requires knowledge and application of the first law of thermodynamics, expressed by the formula
This is formulated as follows:
The amount of heat Q that was received by the system is spent on performing work A on external bodies and changing ΔU the internal energy of this system.
Archimedes' force
Finally, let's talk about the behavior of bodies immersed in a liquid. Obviously, each of them is acted upon by gravity directed vertically downward. But in liquid all bodies weigh less. This is due to the partial compensation of gravity by the oppositely directed Archimedes force. Its value is 
Thus, this force, trying to push a body out of a liquid, depends on the density of that very liquid and the volume of the part of the body immersed in it. Archimedes' force also acts in gases, but due to the insignificance of the density of gases, it is usually neglected.
The Unified State Exam tests a student's knowledge in various areas of physics. Formulas for the Unified State Exam in physics contribute to the successful solution of problems (you can use) and a general understanding of basic physical processes.
They are absolutely necessary so that a person who decides to study this science, armed with them, can feel like a fish in water in the world of physics. Without knowledge of formulas, solving problems in physics is unthinkable. But it is almost impossible to remember all the formulas and it is important to know, especially for a young mind, where to find this or that formula and when to apply it.
The location of physical formulas in specialized textbooks is usually distributed among the corresponding sections among textual information, so searching for them there can take quite a lot of time, and even more so if you suddenly need them urgently!
Featured below physics cheat sheets contain all the basic formulas from the physics course, which will be useful to students of schools and universities.
All formulas of the school course in physics from the site http://4ege.ru
I. Kinematics download
1. Basic concepts
2. Laws of addition of velocities and accelerations
3. Normal and tangential acceleration
4. Types of movements
4.1. Uniform movement
4.1.1. Uniform linear movement
4.1.2. Uniform movement around a circle
4.2. Motion with constant acceleration
4.2.1. Uniformly accelerated motion
4.2.2. Equal slow motion
4.3. Harmonic motion
II. Dynamics download
1. Newton's second law
2. Theorem on the motion of the center of mass
3. Newton's third law
4. Powers
5. Gravitational force
6. Forces acting through contact
III. Conservation laws. Work and power download
1. Momentum of a material point
2. Momentum of a system of material points
3. Theorem on the change in momentum of a material point
4. Theorem on the change in momentum of a system of material points
5. Law of conservation of momentum
6. Work of force
7.Power
8. Mechanical energy
9. Mechanical energy theorem
10. Law of conservation of mechanical energy
11. Dissipative forces
12. Methods for calculating work
13. Time average force
IV. Statics and hydrostatics download
1. Equilibrium conditions
2. Torque
3. Unstable equilibrium, stable equilibrium, indifferent equilibrium
4. Center of mass, center of gravity
5. Hydrostatic pressure force
6. Fluid pressure
7. Pressure at any point in the liquid
8, 9. Pressure in a homogeneous fluid at rest
10. Archimedean force
V. Thermal phenomena download
1. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
2. Dalton's Law
3. Basic MKT equation
4. Gas laws
5. First law of thermodynamics
6. Adiabatic process
7. Efficiency of a cyclic process (heat engine)
8. Saturated steam
VI. Electrostatics download
1. Coulomb's law
2. Superposition principle
3. Electric field
3.1. Strength and potential of the electric field created by one point charge Q
3.2. The intensity and potential of the electric field created by a system of point charges Q1, Q2, ...
3.3. Tension and potential of the electric field created by a sphere uniformly charged over the surface
3.4. Strength and potential of a uniform electric field (created by a uniformly charged plane or flat capacitor)
4. Potential energy of a system of electric charges
5. Electrical capacity
6. Properties of a conductor in an electric field
VII. DC current download
1. Ordered speed
2. Current strength
3. Current density
4. Ohm's law for a section of the circuit that does not contain EMF
5. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit containing EMF
6. Ohm's law for a complete (closed) circuit
7. Series connection of conductors
8. Parallel connection of conductors
9. Work and power of electric current
10. Electrical circuit efficiency
11. Condition for releasing maximum power to the load
12. Faraday's law for electrolysis
VIII. Magnetic phenomena download
1. Magnetic field
2. Movement of charges in a magnetic field
3. Frame with current in a magnetic field
4. Magnetic fields created by various currents
5. Interaction of currents
6. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
7. The phenomenon of self-induction
IX. Oscillations and waves download
1. Oscillations, definitions
2. Harmonic vibrations
3. The simplest oscillatory systems
4. Wave
X. Optics download
1. Law of reflection
2. Law of refraction
3. Lens
4. Image
5. Possible cases of item location
6. Interference
7. Diffraction
Big cheat sheet on physics. All formulas are presented in a compact form with small comments. The cheat sheet also contains useful constants and other information. The file contains the following physics sections:
Mechanics (kinematics, dynamics and statics)
Molecular physics. Properties of gases and liquids
Thermodynamics
Electrical and electromagnetic phenomena
Electrodynamics. D.C
Electromagnetism
Oscillations and waves. Optics. Acoustics
Quantum physics and relativity
Small spur in physics. Everything you need for the exam. A compilation of basic physics formulas on one page. Not very aesthetically pleasing, but practical. :-)