Vapors of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid solution: properties and applications

Evacuate the victim from the contaminated site.
Provide access to fresh air (open windows, doors, unfasten tight clothing).
If the casualty is unconscious, lay him on his side or on his back with his head turned to one side to prevent aspiration of vomit if he vomits.
Rinse the nose and exposed skin with a 2% soda solution (1 tsp of soda per 200 ml glass of water) and plenty of running water, rinse your mouth.
For a long time (15-20 minutes) and abundantly, with a jet, rinse open eyes with running water, drip 1-2 drops of a 2% solution of Novocain, 1-2 drops of vaseline oil.
Perform inhalation with a 2% soda solution.
Give the victim an alkaline drink (mineral water without gas, milk).

Hydrochloric acid poisoning: symptoms and treatment

Hydrochloric acid poisoning through the oral cavity occurs when the poison is swallowed. As a rule, most often this happens in people who are prone to suicide and children who have drunk the substance as a result of carelessness of their parents. In this case, the following symptoms are noted:

pain and burning in the mouth,
nausea, vomiting brown-black, often with an admixture of blood,
coughing,
profuse salivation,
pain in the esophagus, stomach, chest,
tongue turns black
skin may turn yellow
there are painful sensations in the right side due to a violation of the liver.

Hydrochloric acid technical

hydrochloric acid- a thing in many industries is simply irreplaceable. Metallurgy, food production, electroforming, medicine - these and many other areas today are hard to imagine without the use of acids. Unfortunately, not everyone knows what is hydrochloric acid technical how it is produced and where it is applied. We will try to correct this situation - we will consider these issues and note the most important points that relate to such an important and irreplaceable chemical product as hydrochloric acid.

Let's talk about the dangers of coffee. Coffee is like a drug for most of us. Consider how huge the number of people around the world start their day with a cup of coffee before going to work. Some people enjoy coffee and it doesn't seem to cause any health problems.

First aid for burns and hydrochloric acid poisoning

The poisonousness of a substance lies in the fact that in the air the liquid evaporates, releasing gas. It enters the human body through the mucous membranes and skin. If it comes into contact with the skin, the acid causes severe chemical burns. Every human stomach also contains hydrochloric acid. It helps the digestive process. People who have low acidity are prescribed drugs with this substance. Hydrogen chloride solution is also used as food additive E 507.

Hydrochloric acid: impact on the environment and human health

Hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid) - an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride HCl, is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor of hydrogen chloride. Technical acid has a yellowish-green color due to impurities of chlorine and iron salts. The maximum concentration of hydrochloric acid is about 36% HCl; such a solution has a density of 1.18 g/cm3. Concentrated acid “smokes” in air, since the escaping gaseous HCl forms tiny droplets of hydrochloric acid with water vapor.

Emissions of hydrochloric acid vapors harm the health of Dzerzhinsk residents

Yesterday it became known that in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region, the norm for the content of hydrogen chloride in the air was four times exceeded. The measurements were taken not in the industrial zone, but in residential areas. While the regulatory authorities will find out which plant was responsible for the release, the situation may repeat itself.

The effect of hydrochloric acid vapor on the body of a pregnant woman and on the fetus

Hydrochloric acid is a solution of gaseous hydrogen chloride HCl in water. The latter is a hygroscopic colorless gas with a pungent odor. HCl is poisonous. Poisoning usually occurs by mist formed when the gas interacts with water vapor in the air. HCl is also absorbed on the mucous membranes with the formation of acid, which causes severe irritation.

health hazards hydrochloric acid

If the acid was inhaled for a short time, the person will feel irritation in the eyes, nose, and airways; inflammation and pulmonary edema may also develop. Even a slight inhalation of acid can be fatal. After inhaling acid, a person may experience the following symptoms: lips and nails become bluish, chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, shortness of breath, dizziness, rapid pulse, low blood pressure and weakness. Remove the victim to fresh air, keep him calm and warm, and if the person has stopped breathing, perform resuscitation. Seek immediate medical attention.

Stabilizer E 507: why hydrochloric acid is added to candy fillings

Hydrochloric acid of high purity for the needs of medicine and the food industry is produced in a more expensive and labor-intensive way. At the first stage, hydrogen chloride is isolated by burning hydrogen in chlorine. Absorption of the substance with water allows obtaining hydrochloric acid of the highest grade. It is called "synthetic technical" (GOST 857-95).

What to do in case of hydrochloric acid poisoning

Internal acid attacks almost always have the most serious consequences. What happens if you drink hydrochloric acid? The strongest burn of mucous membranes over the entire area of contact with it: lips, tongue, teeth and the entire oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines are affected. Outwardly, the symptoms look like this:

TOXIC HAZARD OF HYDROchlorIC ACID

The probability of poisoning with hydrochloric acid (in its pure form or in the form of a chemical composition, where it is the main component) in a concentration that threatens life and health is quite high for a person. The following situations can serve as a reason for poisoning:

Symptoms and treatment of hydrogen chloride poisoning

Monitor the condition of the victim, control the presence of his breathing and heartbeat. If he has lost consciousness, lay him on a flat and hard surface, turn his head to one side. It is most convenient to control the pulse on the carotid artery, which runs under the skin on the anterolateral surface of the neck.

Smoke poisoning from concentrated acids and alkalis

You? You need to be very careful about your overall health. People don't pay enough attention disease symptoms and do not realize that these diseases can be life-threatening. There are many diseases that at first do not manifest themselves in our body, but in the end it turns out that, unfortunately, it is too late to treat them. Each disease has its own specific signs, characteristic external manifestations - the so-called disease symptoms. Identifying symptoms is the first step in diagnosing diseases in general. To do this, you just need to several times a year be examined by a doctor not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in the body and the body as a whole.

Hydrochloric acid (E507)

However, since it is used in the food industry as a food additive to adjust pH, hydrochloric acid is neutralized or buffered by the food to which it is added. Thus, a person consumes not the acid itself, but the chloride ion in the salts that are formed during the neutralization reaction.

Hydrochloric acid poisoning is one of the most dangerous among chemical intoxications. A person after contact with her, at best, expects complex treatment and serious consequences, and at worst - a fatal outcome.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl, hydrochloric or hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride) - an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, a clear, caustic liquid without color, one of the strongest acids. It "smokes" in air, forming caustic vapors (fog). In the amount of 0.5% is found in gastric juice.

Hydrochloric acid is used:

in electroplating;
as part of some types of glue, alcohols;
in the composition of surfactants - for cleaning ceramics, metals;
in the textile industry;
in the food industry (acidity regulator E507);
in medicine, together with the enzyme pepsin with low stomach acidity.

Under certain conditions, poisoning with hydrochloric acid is possible both at work and at home.

Reasons for getting poisoned

Hydrochloric acid can enter the human body in three ways: through inhalation of caustic fog (vapours), by ingestion or on the skin.

In production and laboratories, intoxication most often occurs due to emergency situations or due to the negligence of employees:

after violation of the tightness of containers with acid in production or during transportation;
when the working premises are not sufficiently ventilated (malfunctions in the ventilation system);
when neglecting safety precautions;
due to the lack of a protective uniform.

In everyday life, poisoning can occur as follows:

if an acid concentrate is used to clean plumbing and other surfaces from stains;
in home-made medicinal products for external use containing hydrogen chloride;
from inhalation of vapors or accidental splashing of a caustic chemical on the skin when opening a container or pouring;
if the acid is inside the body after swallowing it (accidentally, children can do this, intentionally - suicides).

Hydrochloric acid fumes are much heavier than air, therefore, if they leak at work, you should not be in the basements or on the ground floors. When ingested, the lethal dose of concentrated hydrogen chloride is 15-20 ml.

How to recognize poisoning

Symptoms will depend on how it enters the body.

Through the respiratory tract

The easiest way to get intoxicated is by inhaling toxic mist. Signs of poisoning with hydrogen chloride vapor will look like this:

the voice of the poisoned person is hoarse;
cough appears;
pain in the chest and nasopharynx;
nosebleed begins, sometimes with mucus;
it hurts in the eyes, there is a feeling of sand;
photophobia develops, tears flow profusely;
with especially severe poisoning, swelling of the larynx is possible, it becomes difficult for a person to breathe.

If the victim is not helped in time, edema will develop in the lungs and the person may die.

Through the gastrointestinal tract

This is the most dangerous poisoning when internal organs are affected. You can recognize it by the following symptoms:

in the mouth it burns strongly, it hurts;
a person is tormented by black-brown vomiting with blood;
a strong painful cough begins;
saliva is abundantly secreted, the tongue turns black;
yellow skin;
unbearable sharp pains grow in the chest, esophagus and abdomen;
developed acute renal failure provokes the cessation of urine production;
there are pains in the liver due to disruption of the organ;
the poisoned person may begin convulsions, after which the person falls into a coma.

Read also: Poisoning in humans with hydrocyanic acid

The signs are too characteristic to be confused with those of other poisonings. This will help to recognize the cause in time and immediately begin to provide first aid.

On the skin

Once on the skin, hydrochloric acid instantly causes a severe burn, quickly corroding the layers of the epidermis. As a result, in the affected area you can see:

redness;
blisters with cloudy or bloody contents;
changing the usual skin tone to lighter or darker.

With chemical damage to the skin, a person experiences severe pain and burning. Acid burns through muscle tissue and gets to the tendons. If a person is not helped immediately, skin and muscle tissues die off.

How to help

Whichever way the poisoning occurs, it is necessary to consult a doctor (call an ambulance) in any case immediately. Next, act according to circumstances. Here's what to do if you're intoxicated by fumes, ingesting acid or getting it on your skin:

if a person has been poisoned by hydrochloric acid vapors, evacuate him from the contaminated premises;
provide the victim with an influx of clean air by opening windows and loosening tight clothing;
poisoned by fumes of hydrochloric acid should rinse the mouth;
rinse the nasal mucosa and exposed skin with a 2% soda solution;
carry out inhalation with soda vapor (2% solution);
when spilling or splashing the chemical, remove from the victim the clothes that the chemical has got on;
rinse the affected area of the skin for a long time under running water;
bandage the washed burn with an antiseptic bandage and apply cold over it to reduce pain;
rinse eyes after contact with caustic fumes or drops of acid for 20 minutes continuously;
to reduce pain, drip 1-2 drops of Novocain 2% and vaseline oil;
a person who has swallowed acid should be soldered with alkaline non-carbonated mineral water or protein drink (milk, raw egg white);
for internal bleeding, put ice on the stomach;
the victim in an unconscious state must be laid on his side so that he does not choke at the time of a possible attack of vomiting.

When providing first aid at home, it is forbidden to wash the stomach. Repeated passage of a caustic liquid through an already affected esophagus will deepen the burns. Soldering with water is also not recommended: the reaction of hydrochloric acid with water gives additional heat, which will definitely deepen burns.

It is also forbidden to give the victim pills, whether it be sorbents or a laxative. The issue of prescribing drugs will be decided only by the doctor after studying the etiology and pathogenesis.

Therapy in the hospital

It is in the hospital that the patient will receive professional treatment aimed at reducing pain, restoring the functions of the affected organs and improving the overall condition. Depending on the severity of the poisoning, the doctor may make the following appointments:

gastric lavage through a probe;
droppers with solutions;
hemostatic drugs;
antibiotics to prevent inflammation;
painkillers to avoid pain shock;
oxygen mask;
supportive therapy to maintain and restore the functioning of the liver, heart and kidneys;
in cases of severe poisoning - mechanical ventilation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation;
a diet based on fasting for the first 2 days, then - food allowed by the doctor, depending on the degree of organ damage.

Read also: Poisoning in humans with acetic acid and its vapors

In a particularly serious condition of the patient, the actions of doctors will be aimed not only at restoring the body, but also at saving the patient's life.

Treatment of skin burns

In case of external damage to the skin after hydrochloric acid hits them, the patient will be examined by a surgeon. Usually, with small sizes and insignificant depth of chemical burns, the possibility of outpatient treatment can be assumed. Otherwise, the victim will be left in the surgical department and will receive the necessary medical care.

Hydrochloric acid (H Cl) hazard class 3

(hydrochloric acid concentrated)

Colorless transparent aggressive non-flammable liquid with a pungent odor of hydrogen chloride. Represents 36% ( concentrated) solution of hydrogen chloride in water. Heavier than water. At a temperature of +108.6 0 С it boils, at a temperature of –114.2 0 С it solidifies. It dissolves well in water in all proportions, "smokes" in air due to the formation of hydrogen chloride with water vapor in mist droplets. Interacts with many metals, metal oxides and hydroxides, phosphates and silicates. When interacting with metals, it releases a flammable gas (hydrogen), in a mixture with other acids, it causes spontaneous combustion of some materials. Destroys paper, wood, fabrics. Causes burns on contact with skin. Exposure to a fog of hydrochloric acid, formed as a result of the interaction of hydrogen chloride with water vapor in the air, causes poisoning.

Hydrochloric acid is used in chemical synthesis, for processing ores, pickling metals. It is obtained by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. Technical hydrochloric acid is produced with a strength of 27.5-38% by weight.

Hydrochloric acid is transported and stored in rubber-coated (coated with a layer of rubber) metal rail and road tanks, containers, cylinders, which are its temporary storage. Typically, hydrochloric acid is stored in ground cylindrical vertical gummed tanks (50-5000 m 3 volume) at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature or in 20-liter glass bottles. Maximum storage volumes 370 tons.

Maximum Permissible Concentration (MAC) in the air inhabited items is 0.2 mg / m 3, in the air of the working area of industrial premises 5 mg/m 3. At a concentration of 15 mg / m 3, the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes are affected, there is a sore throat, hoarseness, cough, runny nose, shortness of breath, breathing becomes difficult. At concentrations of 50 mg / m 3 and above, bubbling breathing, sharp pains behind the sternum and in the stomach, vomiting, spasm and swelling of the larynx, and loss of consciousness occur. The concentration of 50-75 mg / m 3 is difficult to tolerate. The concentration of 75-100 mg / m 3 is intolerable. A concentration of 6400 mg/m 3 for 30 minutes is lethal. The maximum allowable concentration when using industrial and civil gas masks is 16,000 mg/m 3 .

When dealing with accidents, associated with the spill of hydrochloric acid, it is necessary to isolate the danger zone, remove people from it, keep to the windward side, and avoid low places. Directly at the accident site and in contamination zones with high concentrations at a distance of up to 50 m from the spill site, work is carried out in insulating gas masks IP-4M, IP-5 (on chemically bound oxygen) or breathing apparatus ASV-2, DAVS (on compressed air ), KIP-8, KIP-9 (on compressed oxygen) and skin protection products (L-1, OZK, KIKH-4, KIKH-5). At a distance of more than 50 m from the outbreak, where the concentration drops sharply, skin protection equipment can not be used, and industrial gas masks with boxes of grades V, BKF, as well as civilian gas masks GP-5, GP-7, PDF-2D are used to protect the respiratory organs , PDF-2Sh complete with an additional DPG-3 cartridge or RPG-67, RU-60M respirators with a brand V box.

Means of protection		Time of protective action (hour) at concentrations (mg / m 3)
Name	Brand boxes		5000
Industrial gas masks large size
Industrial gas masks large size	BKF
Civilian gas masks GP-5, GP-7, PDF-2D, PDF-2Sh	with DPG-3
Respirators RU-60M, RPG-67

Owing to the fact that hydrochloric acid "smoke" in air with the formation mist droplets when interacting hydrogen chloride with water vapor, in the air determine the presence hydrogen chloride.

The presence of hydrogen chloride is determined by:

In the air of the industrial zone with a gas analyzer OKA-T-N Cl , gas detector IGS-98-N Cl , a universal gas analyzer UG-2 with a measurement range of 0-100 mg / m 3, a gas detector of industrial chemical emissions GPHV-2 in the range of 5-500 mg / m 3.

In open space - with SIP "KORSAR-X" devices.

Indoors - SIP "VEGA-M"

Neutralize hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride vapors the following alkaline solutions:

5% aqueous solution of caustic soda (for example, 50 kg of caustic soda per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of soda powder (for example, 50 kg of soda in powder per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of slaked lime (for example, 50 kg of slaked lime per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of caustic soda (for example, 50 kg of caustic soda per 950 liters of water);

When hydrochloric acid is spilled and there is no bunding or pan, the spill site is fenced off with an earthen rampart, hydrogen chloride vapor is precipitated by setting up a water curtain (water consumption is not standardized), the spilled acid is neutralized to safe concentrations with water (8 tons of water per 1 ton of acid) in compliance with all measures precaution or 5% aqueous alkali solution (3.5 tons of solution per 1 ton of acid) and neutralize 5% aqueous solution of alkali (7.4 tons of solution per 1 tonne of acid).

To spray water or solutions, watering and fire trucks, auto-bottling stations (AC, PM-130, ARS-14, ARS-15), as well as hydrants and special systems available at chemically hazardous facilities are used.

To dispose of contaminated soil at the site of a hydrochloric acid spill, the surface layer of soil is cut to the depth of contamination, collected and transported for disposal using earth-moving vehicles (bulldozers, scrapers, motor graders, dump trucks). Places of cuts are covered with a fresh layer of soil, washed with water for control purposes.

Leader actions: isolate the danger zone within a radius of at least 50 meters, remove people from it, keep to the windward side, avoid low places. Enter the accident zone only in full protective clothing.

Providing first aid:

In the infected area: copious rinsing of eyes and face with water, putting on anti-vogas, urgent withdrawal (export) from the outbreak.

After evacuation from the infected area: warming, rest, washing off acid from open areas of the skin and clothing with water, abundant eyewash with water, if breathing is difficult, warm the neck area, subcutaneously - 1 ml. 0.1% solution of atropine sulfate. Immediate evacuation to a medical facility.

Hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid) - an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride HCl, is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor of hydrogen chloride. Technical acid has a yellowish-green color due to impurities of chlorine and iron salts. The maximum concentration of hydrochloric acid is about 36% HCl; such a solution has a density of 1.18 g/cm3. Concentrated acid "smokes" in air, since the escaping gaseous HCl forms tiny droplets of hydrochloric acid with water vapor.

Hydrochloric acid is not flammable, not explosive. It is one of the strongest acids, dissolves (with the release of hydrogen and the formation of salts - chlorides) all metals in the series of voltages up to hydrogen. Chlorides are also formed during the interaction of hydrochloric acid with metal oxides and hydroxides. With strong oxidizing agents, it behaves like a reducing agent.

Salts of hydrochloric acid - chlorides, with the exception of AgCl, Hg2Cl2, are highly soluble in water. Glass, ceramics, porcelain, graphite, fluoroplast are resistant to it.

Hydrochloric acid is obtained by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water, which is synthesized either directly from hydrogen and chlorine or obtained by the action of sulfuric acid on sodium chloride.

Produced technical hydrochloric acid has a strength of at least 31% HCl (synthetic) and 27.5% HCl (from NaCl). Commercial acid is called concentrated if it contains 24% or more HCl, if the HCl content is less, then the acid is called dilute.

Hydrochloric acid is used to obtain chlorides of various metals, organic intermediates and synthetic dyes, acetic acid, activated carbon, various adhesives, hydrolytic alcohol, and in electroforming. It is used for etching metals, for cleaning various vessels, casing pipes of boreholes from carbonates, oxides and other sediments and contaminants. In metallurgy, ores are treated with acid, in the leather industry - leather before tanning and dyeing. Hydrochloric acid is used in the textile, food industry, medicine, etc.

Hydrochloric acid plays an important role in the processes of digestion, it is an integral part of gastric juice. Diluted hydrochloric acid is prescribed orally mainly for diseases associated with insufficient acidity of gastric juice.

Hydrochloric acid is transported in glass bottles or gummed (coated with a layer of rubber) metal vessels, as well as in plastic containers.

Hydrochloric acid very dangerous for human health. Causes severe burns on contact with skin. Eye contact is especially dangerous.

If hydrochloric acid gets on the skin, it must be washed off immediately with a plentiful stream of water.

The mist and vapors of hydrogen chloride formed when concentrated acid interacts with air are very dangerous. They irritate mucous membranes and the respiratory tract. Prolonged work in an atmosphere of HCl causes catarrh of the respiratory tract, tooth decay, clouding of the cornea of the eyes, ulceration of the nasal mucosa, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Acute poisoning is accompanied by hoarseness, suffocation, runny nose, cough.

In the event of a leak or spill, hydrochloric acid can cause significant environmental damage. Firstly, this leads to the release of vapors of the substance into the atmospheric air in quantities exceeding sanitary and hygienic standards, which can lead to poisoning of all living things, as well as the appearance of acid precipitation, which can lead to a change in the chemical properties of soil and water.

Secondly, it can seep into groundwater, resulting in pollution of inland waters.
Where the water in rivers and lakes has become quite acidic (pH less than 5), fish disappear. When trophic chains are disturbed, the number of aquatic animal species, algae and bacteria is reduced.

In cities, acid precipitation accelerates the destruction of marble and concrete structures, monuments and sculptures. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive to metals and reacts with substances such as bleach, manganese dioxide, or potassium permanganate to form toxic chlorine gas.

In the event of a spill, hydrochloric acid is washed off surfaces with plenty of water or an alkaline solution that neutralizes the acid.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Hydrochloric acid is a good solvent used in many industries. The chemical is colorless and may appear yellowish. The acid itself and its esters (hydrogen chloride) are poisonous.

Hydrochloric acid itself and its esters are poisonous.

Properties of hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid and its vapors can accelerate the corrosion of metals. Therefore, it is stored and transported in special vessels.

Chemical damage to the skin

Burns occur as a result of exposure to the skin of high temperature (thermal), electric field (electric), acids or alkaline substances (chemical) and electromagnetic radiation (radiation). Thermal burns are common in everyday life.

Chemical damage to the skin is difficult to treat. The degree of harm is determined by the amount and concentration of acid or alkali, the characteristics of exposure and behavior when in contact with water or air, as well as the period of stay on the skin or mucous membranes. Physicians distinguish such degrees of severity of a chemical burn:

I - redness of the affected area and pain;
II - swelling and blisters appear with transparent contents;
III - necrosis of the upper layers of the skin and blisters with turbid liquid or blood;
IV - a deep lesion that reaches the muscles and tendons.

Doctors are more likely to encounter severe cases of grade III and IV due to the fact that the chemical composition of the substances is very toxic and acts instantly. Therefore, people should know the symptoms of an acid burn and the basics of first aid in such situations in order to keep themselves healthy or be able to provide first aid.

In case of contact with hydrochloric acid on the skin, it is necessary to rinse the area with clean water.

First aid for a burn with hydrochloric acid

As a result of exposure to the toxin, a dry, dense yellowish crust with clear boundaries appears on the skin. After the contact is eliminated, the reagent continues to cause harm, so the person needs urgent help. The first thing to do when hydrochloric acid gets on the skin:

Remove clothing and other items from the burned area.
Rinse the area with clean water for 15 minutes or more.
If the injury burns, continue flushing the substance.
After that, wash the burn area with a solution of soda or soap and water.
Apply a dry sterile dressing.

It is strictly forbidden to wash off hydrochloric acid with oils, alcohol tinctures, urine. Doctors do not recommend piercing blisters on their own, touching the wound with their hands, lubricating it with cream or vegetable oil.

If hydrochloric acid gets into the eyes, a person needs to rinse with running water, and then with a solution of soda. Signs of an injury: severe burning and pain in the eyes. The clinic of the disease may also include the appearance of a scab and redness of the mucous membrane. The victim needs to see a doctor who will assess the patient's condition and prescribe a course of therapy.

Small chemical burns can be treated at home

Burn treatment

High-quality first aid increases the effectiveness of therapy and gives the victim hope for a quick recovery. The patient is examined by a surgeon, assesses his condition and the severity of the burn. Then he tells how to treat an injury at home. If large areas of the skin are affected, then the patient is left under the constant supervision of doctors.

You can treat a small chemical burn at home according to the prescribed course. The doctor advises treating the area with antiseptic agents, which do not contain alcohol. It is mandatory to use medications that help restore the normal functioning of the skin.

Clinic of poisoning with hydrochloric acid and its esters

Hydrogen chloride solution enters the gastrointestinal tract of a person at work in violation of safety rules or intentionally when attempting suicide. Hydrochloric acid enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, tongue and causes severe burns and poisoning. The first symptoms of damage to the esophagus and stomach:

acute pain in the abdomen and chest;
vomit with blood;
swelling of the larynx.

In severe cases of poisoning and in the absence of medical care, additional symptoms develop: pulmonary edema, severe pathologies of the kidneys and liver. The pain syndrome can lead to burn shock, which aggravates the condition of the victim with a possible loss of consciousness.

Symptoms of damage to the esophagus and stomach: acute pain in the abdomen and chest

The victim must be taken out of the room so as not to receive additional intoxication with toxic fumes. First aid for poisoning with hydrochloric acid is to immediately wash the stomach. The patient is forced to drink about a liter of water and induce vomiting. If a person shows symptoms of traumatic shock, they are given sedatives or painkillers.

Hydrogen chloride solution evaporates quickly in the open air. During this process, toxic haze appears in the air, which causes harm to the human respiratory tract. Symptoms of toxic fumes poisoning:

dry cough;
suffocation;
burning of mucous membranes;
damage to the teeth;
disruption of the stomach and intestines.

First aid for poisoning with toxic esters is free access to clean air and rinsing the throat with water or a soda solution.

With prolonged inhalation of poison, the clinic may be supplemented by toxic pulmonary edema. For its initial stage, chest pains and an unproductive cough are characteristic. If the reagent is removed, all symptoms disappear within an hour (latent period). But at this time, the lungs begin to change and lose some of their functions. Chest pain and difficulty breathing gradually return, which entail the appearance of wheezing and the beginning of the edematous process. The completion of lung poisoning is accompanied by the following symptoms:

cyanotic or gray shade of the skin and mucous membranes;
shortness of breath and weak pulse;
sputum waste (with blood);
lack of oxygen in the body and others.

The victim must be immediately taken to the hospital, where the toxicologist will prescribe adequate treatment.

Treatment of acid poisoning or its vapors is necessary in the hospital

Therapy of intoxication with hydrochloric acid

To treat poisoning with liquid hydrochloric acid or its vapors is necessary in the hospital. The toxicologist prescribes symptomatic therapy. The first thing the doctor does is prescribe painkillers to eliminate pain shock.

Treatment includes drugs to stop bleeding, maintain the health of the stomach and intestines, lungs, cardiovascular system, and liver and kidneys. To prevent the development of the inflammatory process, the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic. The first couple of days the victim should not eat, and then he is prescribed a strict diet until the end of the course of treatment.

Prevention of poisoning with hydrochloric acid

Preventive measures help save people's lives and health. They consist in observing safety rules while working with poisons, using individual methods of protection (apron, gas mask, gloves, goggles, special suit).

The management of the enterprise must ensure good ventilation of the premises, timely informing about the leakage of hydrochloric acid and prompt evacuation. Preventive measures also include briefings and trainings on first aid and actions in an emergency.

To prevent chronic diseases, employees must undergo scheduled medical examinations, as well as provide themselves with the necessary amount of vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Chemical burns and hydrochloric acid poisoning are serious illnesses. The high toxicity of the substance makes it necessary to act immediately to save a person's life. People who deal with this poison must follow basic safety rules and be able to provide first aid.