In Eastern medical tradition, the duodenum and the seven centimeters of the small intestine are considered a continuation of the stomach. This is due to the fact that nutrients are absorbed primarily at the beginning of the small intestine. What factors can interfere with this vital process?
The duodenum is often called the “second stomach”: it is in it that pancreatic enzymes, active in an alkaline environment, break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. In the old days, everything was measured with fingers. Hence the name of this organ (as well as the Latin "duodeni" - twelve).
The duodenum is the beginning of the small intestine, 25-30 cm long, located almost horizontally under the stomach. Food from the stomach flows here in a processed, crushed form. At the beginning of the duodenum there are two ducts: the gallbladder, whose bile breaks down fats, and the pancreas, which secretes enzymes for faster splitting.
Causes of diseases of the duodenum
The oral cavity, stomach and duodenum, which serve to digest food, are interdependent. For example, if we quickly swallow poorly chewed food, raw or thermally poorly processed, the stomach increases secretion. Overeating gives the same result.
The consequence of the increased acidity of gastric juice is that the "second stomach" works hard, neutralizing this acid. Poor functioning of the duodenum leads to the fact that almost all organs of the gastrointestinal tract are affected. Digestion in the stomach occurs through one of the five types of "wind" - "equal to fire" (from the standpoint of modern medicine - through the branches of the vagus nerve).
Nerve endings braid not only the walls of the stomach, but also its sphincters (sphincter), which in the upper part (cardiac sphincter) separate the stomach from the esophagus, in the lower part (pylorus, pyloris) - from the duodenum 12. Nerve endings contribute to peristalsis and the promotion of the food mass from the stomach to the duodenum, and also close the stomach "on the locks", closing the sphincters. After 1.5-2 hours of digestion in the stomach, the food mass is evacuated to the duodenum, where, already in an alkaline environment, through one of the five types of "bile" - "digesting", it undergoes further processing (fat breakdown).
Violation of the work of these two types leads to inflammation of the duodenum or duodenitis. Then, if the disease is not treated, duodenal ulcer occurs. Due to the disorder of the mechanisms of nervous regulation and blood supply (causes of disturbance of the "wind": increased excitability, prolonged stressful situation, improper and erratic nutrition, the action of certain drugs), the pylorus that separates the stomach and duodenum becomes weak and loosely separates them.
As a result, duodenogastric reflux occurs. The contents of the duodenum are thrown back into the stomach. Due to the fact that the gastric mucosa is not adapted to work with bile acids and bile, inflammation of the gastric mucosa and the duodenum itself (gastroduodenitis) occurs.
Problems in the duodenum must be dealt with immediately, otherwise the sphincter between the duodenum and the stomach is affected, and it is no longer possible to restore the integrity of the pylorus muscle ring. Therefore, the disease must be treated as quickly and intensively as possible - it is difficult to restore the muscle ring even surgically.
Symptoms of duodenal disease
Symptoms of duodenal disease are plaque on the tongue, sores in the mouth, loss of appetite. The fact that the duodenal ulcer has become chronic is evidenced by periodontal disease in the anterior teeth of the lower jaw and in the first molars. Also characterized by pain at night, pain during hunger and pain that appears 2-3 hours after eating, when food from the stomach passes through the pylorus into the duodenum. With a peptic ulcer of the duodenum, the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas suffer along the way.
SMALL INTESTINE
If we want to prove in a dispute that our opponent is weak, we often say: “He has a thin gut!”. It is the small intestine, according to Eastern medicine, that affects the intellectual level of a person - his susceptibility to new ideas.
Energy deficiency in the small intestine manifests itself if a person readily accepts the knowledge, beliefs and beliefs of other people, without even trying to analyze and "digest" them. Such a person is not able to develop his own system of ideas and values. In addition, such a person is prone to a number of chronic diseases.
The small intestine is a yang organ and belongs to the fire element.Its length ranges from 160-430 cm; in women it is shorter than in men. Thanks to digestive juices, the muddy thick coming from the duodenum is divided into two parts in the small intestine: liquid and thick. From the thick, dirty part, feces are subsequently formed, from the liquid part - urine.
Full juicy lips speak of a strong small intestine, which is the real “battery” of the body, and thin, weak, pale ones indicate weakness of the small intestine. If the function of the small intestine is reduced, a person suffers from tinnitus, poor hearing (trace the path of the meridian of the small intestine in the photo), bloating of the lower abdomen, increased urine output.
With inflammatory processes in the small intestine, there may be frequent sore throats, swelling of the cheeks, pain in the shoulders, and diarrhea. Also in Tibetan medicine, the small intestine is considered a reliable helper of the heart, protecting it from emotional storms and upheavals, removes unnecessary and harmful substances from the heart. The small intestine system is responsible for the condition of the arteries and, accordingly, for blood circulation.
If the intestines are spasmodic (disturbance of the "wind" due to constant stress), the nutrition of blood vessels and tissues is disturbed, the heart suffers. That is why diseases of the heart and small intestine always coexist. The time of activity of the meridian of the heart is at 11-13 hours, the small intestine - 13-15 hours. If the cardiovascular system is in order, during these hours you can afford the maximum possible physical and emotional stress for a healthy body (exams, negotiations, sports activities, etc.).
With a lack of energy in the small intestine during these hours, a person feels general weakness, increased sweating, numbness in the limbs. Such people usually feel better in the evening, when activity in the small intestine system drops.
Causes of diseases of the small intestine
In the state of "ma-zhu" (indigestion, reduced digestive capacity of the stomach), "" grows in the small intestine, stagnant processes and accumulation of mucus develop. In official medicine, they are called digestion insufficiency syndrome, manifested by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, polyfaeces and other dyspeptic disorders that occur when eating dairy products.
Often this condition is combined with a syndrome of impaired absorption. It leads to atrophy of the mucous membrane, observed in Crohn's disease, ulcerative nonspecific colitis, invasions, food allergies, thyrotoxicosis, malignant neoplasms of the small intestine, after its resection, as well as with long-term use of a number of drugs (for example, some antibiotics).
Malabsorption syndrome is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, in the navel, flatulence, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, pain in the lumbar region, frequent stools, an increase in the volume of feces, the presence of undigested food residues in the feces and steatorrhea - an increased content of fat in the feces (in diseases of the colon there are no visible remains of undigested food and fat in the stool). On examination, the tongue has a white coating, the pulse is deep, strained.
Consequences
Violations of water and mineral metabolism in this case can lead to changes in the bones - osteoporosis, dry skin and mucous membranes, numbness of the lips and fingers, muscle weakness and muscle pain, decreased intestinal motility, cardiovascular disorders (tachycardia, arterial hypotension , extrasystole), etc. When iron absorption is disturbed, iron deficiency anemia occurs.
Trophic changes in the skin and nails are also characteristic. In more severe cases, eczema occurs, cracks form, neurodermatitis. Internal organs are affected. For example, processes of protein and fatty degeneration are found in the liver, and the activity of the pancreas is disrupted.
Treatment of duodenal ulcer
Treatment at the Naran clinic is aimed at increasing the digestive fire of the stomach, duodenum, small intestine with the help of an individually prescribed diet and herbal medicine that cleanses the blood and liver, and regulates the electrolyte balance in the body. Acupuncture and warming with wormwood cigars have a wonderful effect on the meridian points of the spleen - the pancreas and small intestine, deepacupressure,cupping massage, stimulating blood circulation and conduction of nerve impulses. In most cases, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, subject to timely treatment, are completely cured.
The frequency of diseases of the duodenum is high - more than 10% of all inhabitants of the planet suffer from ulcerative lesions alone.
Important digestive processes take place in this section: alkalization of the acidic food bolus coming from the stomach, the entry of bile and pancreatic enzymes into it, and humoral regulation of the acidity of gastric juice. Anatomists distinguish 7 varieties of the shape and position of this department. The complexity and accuracy of the ongoing processes determine the quality of digestion, and the likelihood of various failures is high.
Characteristic signs that bother in acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic process:
In the case of the chronic form of diseases, persistent digestive disorders are added, leading to weight loss, pallor and dry skin, weakness, constant fatigue, changes in the blood count, and decreased performance.
Diseases of the duodenum affect people of working age, but rarely cause disability. The main provoking factor is hereditary predisposition, since almost everyone has errors in nutrition, but not diseases.
Diseases of the duodenum
Duodenitis
This is a simple inflammation that can develop on its own (primary) and complicate the course of other diseases of the alimentary canal (secondary). Duodenitis is more often secondary against the background of diseases of the gallbladder and pancreas. In this case, a constant spasm develops, which regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice. In this case, the walls of the intestine thicken, in advanced stages it comes to atrophy of the mucosa. 
Signs:
- constant dull pain, "whining" in the epigastric region;
- emetic syndrome or nausea interspersed with vomiting;
- heaviness in the abdomen after eating;
- weakness against the background of a decrease in appetite.
Erosion
This is a defect in the internal mucosa that does not reach the muscle layer. Erosion differs from an ulcer in that it heals without scar formation.
The danger of erosion is the possibility of bleeding if a vessel passing through the mucosa is affected. The cause can be not only prolonged and deep inflammation, but also active hepatitis or cirrhosis, chronic heart rhythm disturbance, in which all blood circulation parameters change, as well as kidney disease that disrupts all types of metabolism. Erosion is a frequent consequence of stress and uncontrolled intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Symptoms of erosion occurring without bleeding practically do not differ from those in duodenitis.
Bulbit
Bulbitis is a lesion of the duodenal bulb, which can be catarrhal (superficial, simple) or erosive.
The symptomatology of bulbitis is complex, ranging from acute manifestations to subtle and erased. A person may be concerned about:
- acute pain in the epigastric region with severe nausea and repeated vomiting of bile;
- weak pulling discomfort in the same area;
- subsiding and increasing bitterness in the mouth.
Manifestations of bulbitis often develop following the use of drugs or mild food poisoning. With an erosive form, accompanied by bleeding, anemia or anemia may join.
duodenostasis
This is a violation of the motor-evacuation function of the duodenum, which has another name -. For an unknown reason, the pushing of the food bolus is disturbed. More often young women are ill. Food stagnates in the intestine, which causes its expansion, neighboring organs suffer - the stomach, liver and pancreas. Symptoms:
- dyspepsia or a combination of spastic pains with nausea, belching, vomiting, more often bile;
- intoxication in the form of irritability, fatigue, headache, weakness.
Diagnosis presents certain difficulties, a thorough examination is required.
peptic ulcer
Ulcerative lesion is one of the most frequently diagnosed. Ulcers develop either after inflammation or immediately. The process goes on continuously, and if it is not stopped, the entire muscle layer is damaged. Deepening, the ulcer can lead to perforation or rupture of the intestine with the release of its contents into the abdominal cavity.
Peptic ulcer has a predominantly chronic course with seasonal exacerbations occurring in spring and autumn.
Manifestations:
- rhythmic severe pain that occurs 2-3 hours after eating, which then spontaneously subside;
- hunger pains that disappear immediately after eating;
- severe and frequent heartburn;
- belching of sour taste;
- occasional nausea and vomiting;
- constipation;
- intoxication due to the inability to empty the intestines;
- weight loss due to decreased appetite.
Other diseases
Other diseases of the duodenum are rare, among them:
Diagnostics
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the duodenum gastroenterologist. In rural areas, primary (rather approximate) diagnosis can be done by a therapist or family doctor, but with a mandatory, at least one-time, consultation of a gastroenterologist.
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy
- the most informative method in which the internal surface is examined using an endoscope inserted through the mouth. The fibrogastroscope is equipped with a video camera that allows you to take pictures, a biopsy tool and a probe through which you can pour the medicine directly into the lesion. The device also allows you to apply hemostatic clips.
The procedure is unpleasant, but harmless, in many cases avoids surgery.
Biopsy
Excision of a tiny piece of living tissue for further. The cellular composition, tissue fluid, pathological formations are being studied. Allows you to reliably distinguish between acute inflammation from chronic, benign tumor from malignant, developmental anomaly from the scar.
Analysis for Helicobacter pylori
It is considered the main etiological factor of peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. It is the only bacterium that can live in the hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach. The study is an enzyme immunoassay or ELISA for antibodies to Helicobacter, venous blood sampling is required.
Some laboratories examine feces or exhaled air.
General blood analysis
The severity of inflammation, the presence of anemia and other general clinical indicators reflecting the general level of health are established.
occult blood test
The feces are examined, in which altered erythrocytes can be detected. Allows you to detect hidden bleeding from the digestive canal. The pharmacy is available independently. 
ultrasound
Sonography of the duodenum reveals thickening of the intestinal walls or an ulcerative defect, which is found in the form of a crater. The boundaries of inflammation and the place of transition to healthy tissue, as well as tumors, if any, are clearly visible.
MRI and CT
And they detect lipomas (tumors from adipose tissue) and leiomyomas (from muscle). These tumors are benign. Duodenal cancer or adenocarcinoma is a rare case, but they are also seen in these studies.
Treatment
Depends on the type of disease, severity, presence of complications, concomitant diseases and age of the patient.
Surgery
Immediate surgery is required if the ulcer ruptures and is bleeding that cannot be controlled by other means. The volume of surgical intervention includes excision of the ulcer with subsequent suturing of the wound, maintaining intestinal patency. 
An operation is also necessary for cicatricial stenosis (narrowing), if food cannot pass on its own. The site of stenosis is excised, and the intestines are sutured end-to-end.
Medical treatment
It is prescribed individually using the following groups of drugs:
- antibiotics;
- drugs that inhibit Helicobacter pylori;
- painkillers;
- digestive aids.
Diet food 
An integral part of treatment, without which recovery is impossible. Therapeutic nutrition consists of mashed boiled dishes containing a lot of mucus - rice water, jelly, steamed meat. The diet creates conditions for the healing of erosions and ulcers, the cessation of inflammation.
Prevention
There are primary and secondary. Primary - measures aimed at not getting sick, secondary - preventing exacerbations in those who are already sick.
With a hereditary predisposition, the main attention should be paid to nutrition. Food is needed fresh, boiled, baked in the oven or steamed. No fast food or other questionable food, snacks or other foods that are loaded with flavor enhancers and preservatives. Avoid stress whenever possible.
Secondary prevention is a timely and high-quality treatment of seasonal exacerbations, preferably in a hospital. It is advisable to use a temporary disability certificate to give the body the opportunity to cope with the exacerbation. During calm periods, sanatorium treatment is useful, especially mineral alkaline waters.
Ulcerative lesions account for about 30% of all diseases of the digestive system. Also, according to statistics, up to 10% of the adult population of the planet are familiar with stomach and duodenal ulcers firsthand. The factors leading to the development of this pathology are very diverse. How is the duodenum arranged and what functions does it perform? What diseases can occur in this part of the intestine? How to properly treat duodenal ulcer? The answers to these and other questions are presented in this publication.
The structure of the duodenum
This part of the C-shaped gastrointestinal tract is 30 centimeters long. On the one hand, it is connected to the sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, on the other hand, it passes into the small intestine. In the middle of the duodenum, on the left side, there is a hole through which pancreatic enzymes enter it. The walls of the organ consist of four layers of tissue.
The innermost layer consists of a simple cylindrical epithelium with microscopic villi on the surface, contributing to an increase in area and improved absorption of nutrients. Multiple glands secrete mucus to lubricate the wall and protect it from the acidic environment of the chyme. Under the mucous membrane is a layer of connective tissue that supports the remaining layers. Many blood vessels pass through the submucosal layer, while protein fibers give strength and elasticity to the duodenum. Next is smooth muscle tissue, thanks to the contractions of which the chyme moves into the small intestine. And finally, the serous membrane is the outer layer of this part of the intestine, it is formed by a simple squamous epithelium, which makes the outer surface of the duodenum 12 smooth and even. This layer helps prevent friction with other organs. Next, we will touch on issues such as the functions that the duodenum performs, symptoms, and treatment of peptic ulcer.
Functions of the duodenum
The duodenum is the first and shortest segment of the intestine. Partially digested food comes here from the stomach in the form of a slurry called chyme, here an important step in the chemical processing of food and preparation for further digestion in the small intestine takes place. Many enzymes and substances secreted from the pancreas, liver and gallbladder, such as lipase, trypsin, amylase, are mixed with the secrets of the duodenum 12, which facilitates the digestion of food.
The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine. In its walls are glands that secrete mucus. The duodenum is almost completely located in the retroperitoneal space. This part of the digestive system regulates the rate of bowel movement. Its cells secrete cholecystokinin in response to acidic and fatty irritants that come from the stomach along with chyme.
The duodenum is constantly contracting, and each of its movements helps to push food towards the small intestine.
The most common diseases of the duodenum:
- Duodenitis is an acute or chronic disease of this part of the digestive system, which is accompanied by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.
- Peptic ulcer is a chronic ailment in which ulcers form in the mucous membrane, often a consequence of chronic duodenitis.
- Cancer of the duodenum. It is a fairly rare malignant tumor of this part of the intestine. Of the oncological diseases, one can also name sarcoma and carcinoid, they are localized in different layers of the intestinal wall.
The same article discusses in detail such a pathology as duodenal ulcer.
Causes of peptic ulcer
So, the duodenum is a part of the digestive system that connects the stomach and small intestine. It is also subject to various pathologies that occur during a person's life. Duodenal ulcer is three times more common than gastric ulcer. In this case, the main cause of the pathology is precisely the acid of the gastric juice. But it causes inflammation of the duodenum only if the superficial membranes of the organ are not able to perform their protective function.
Influence of drugs
One of the reasons why peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum can develop is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Medicines such as Aspirin, Ibuprofen and Diclofenac, as well as many others that are used to treat arthritis, eliminate muscle pain, reduce the protective barrier of the intestinal mucosa. One of the rare causes is also Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, in which too much acid is produced in the stomach, which causes inflammation of the duodenum, which is simply not able to cope with such volume.
Acid
The stomach usually produces enough acid to digest food and eliminate disease-causing bacteria. This acid is capable of corroding tissues, so the mucous membrane of both the stomach and intestines produces a layer of a substance that performs a protective function. In a healthy person, there is always a balance between the amount of acid and mucus. An ulcer can develop when changes occur in this balance that allow acid to damage the mucosa. In this case, both organs can suffer - the stomach and duodenum. The duodenal bulb or its initial part is often involved in the development of an ulcer.
The role of bacteria
Ulcers can also be caused by a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori. These microorganisms attack the duodenal mucosa, which, in turn, opens the way for the corrosive action of the acid, the development of inflammation. Helicobacter pylori infection (commonly simply referred to as H. pylori) is the cause of about 19 out of 20 cases of duodenal ulcer. Once a bacterium enters the body, it stays there for life. The only question is whether there will be favorable signs for the pathogenic activity of the microorganism.
Ulcer symptoms
So, if we talk about what diseases of the stomach and duodenum are most common, then this is usually an ulcer. Let's name its symptoms:
- Pain in the upper abdomen, just below the sternum, which comes and goes, is paroxysmal in nature. Such a symptom may suddenly appear when you are hungry, or, conversely, after eating. Pain can cause nighttime awakening, most often it subsides after taking antispasmodic drugs.
- Bloating, urge to defecate, and nausea are especially aggravated after eating.
Many people experience these seemingly non-serious symptoms throughout their lives. Some write them off on an empty stomach, others on overeating. Most are limited to taking painkillers or any generic drugs that help with various problems with the gastrointestinal tract. However, this only temporarily numbs the symptoms, while the ulcer progresses more and more. If the treatment of the stomach and duodenum is not carried out, then this is fraught with unpleasant consequences.
Complications
They occur less often, but they are painful and can be serious:
- ulcer bleeding ranges from a thin trickle to life-threatening bleeding;
- perforation, or perforation of the wall of the duodenum, with this complication, food and acids enter the abdominal cavity, which causes severe pain and the need for emergency medical care.
Therefore, you need to know: if the duodenum is worried, the symptoms of the disease, even if they are quite insignificant, should by no means be ignored!
Diagnosis of the disease
Endoscopy is a procedure that can confirm the presence of a duodenal ulcer. A doctor or nurse, using a thin flexible telescope lowered into the esophagus and further into the stomach, views the state of the digestive system. This procedure usually identifies any inflammation and ulcers, if any, immediately. An H. pylori test is usually done if you suspect you have a duodenal ulcer. If the microorganism is detected, then the diagnosis of "ulcer" can be considered confirmed. This microorganism can be detected in a fecal sample as the bacteria enters the rectum as a result of bowel movements. You may also need to do a blood test and a breath test. A biopsy, which involves taking a small piece of intestinal tissue, is often performed right during endoscopy.
Treatment Methods
Acid suppressants are usually prescribed for a course of four or eight weeks. The treatment significantly reduces the amount of acid in the digestive tract and brings long-awaited relief.
- The most commonly used drugs are proton pump inhibitors. This group includes drugs that reduce the production of hydrochloric acid by the gastric glands as a result of blocking the proton pump that carries hydrogen and potassium ions in the cells of the gastric mucosa. These medicines are classified as antisecretory agents. Actively working on the cells lining the stomach, they help reduce acidity. These are Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole and Rabeprazole. Medicines of this group are necessarily indicated if the duodenal bulb is affected by an ulcer.
- Sometimes another class of drugs called H2 blockers is used. They also reduce the production of hydrochloric acid. The following drugs can be attributed to this group of medicines: Cimetidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine and Ranitidine.
- If the ulcer was caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, then the main direction of treatment is to eliminate the infection. If this is not done, then as soon as you stop taking drugs that suppress the production of acid, the treatment of the duodenum will come to naught, and the ulcer will play out with renewed vigor. In this case, antibiotics are needed. Often, a combined regimen of taking antibacterial agents is prescribed, for example, the drug "Metronidazole" in combination with the drug "Amoxicillin". The doctor may prescribe other antibiotics. They are taken together with the two groups of drugs described above for one to two weeks, this is the so-called triple therapy. The success of treatment is observed in 9 cases out of 10. If the microorganism Helicobacter pylori is defeated, then the likelihood of recurrence of the ulcer becomes minimal. However, in a small number of people, symptoms may return later. In such cases, a second course of treatment is prescribed.
Evaluation of treatment outcomes
After the therapeutic course is completed, it is recommended to take tests to confirm the complete cure of the ulcer. A control examination is carried out approximately one month after the end of the medication. If the test results again show the presence of pathogenic bacteria, then the attending physician prescribes a second course of treatment, choosing other antibiotics.
In cases where the ulcer is caused by long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs, it is necessary to stop it. This will allow her to heal faster. However, in many cases, anti-inflammatory drugs are simply necessary, for example, to relieve symptoms of arthritis or prevent blood clots and thrombosis. In such a situation, the attending physician prescribes a long course of taking medications that suppress acid formation, which must be taken daily.
Surgery
In the past, surgery was often seen as a necessary treatment for duodenal ulcers. But then the influence of the microorganism Helicobacter pylori was not fully studied, and drugs to reduce acid formation in the stomach were not as accessible as they are today. Currently, surgery is needed if complications of duodenal ulcer develop, such as severe bleeding and perforation.
home remedies
Many traditional medicine recipes help to quickly get rid of duodenal ulcers. In this case, the simplest and most affordable means and plants are often used.
Recipe number 1. Prepare a mixture of two teaspoons of slippery elm bark powder and dissolve it in 300 g of chilled chamomile tea. Such a remedy is recommended to be taken daily at 100 g throughout the year. The compounds included in its composition form a protective membrane on the intestinal mucosa, which helps to protect the site of the lesion and the entire inner surface of the intestine from the aggressive effects of acid and pathogenic bacteria.
Recipe number 2. Make a mixture using equal parts of dried herb agrimony, chamomile, dandelion, gentian, and willow flowers (the last component can be found in a pharmacy). Make an infusion by pouring a tablespoon of the mixture with a liter of hot water and leaving it for 3-4 hours. Drink a cup of the medicine you received daily.
Recipe number 3. Ordinary chamomile tea helps to minimize the manifestations of peptic ulcer. You can buy plant filter bags at the pharmacy, they are very convenient to use. Chamomile has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.
Recipe number 4. A mixture of sea buckthorn oil and propolis helps heal ulcers formed in the intestine faster. Combine the components and for 40-60 minutes, stirring, heat in a water bath. You can do this in the microwave at medium power. Take the cooled mixture in a teaspoon during the day, half an hour before meals.
Recipe number 5. A good effect is the use of flax seeds. You can buy them at a pharmacy. Brew them like tea, just leave for 25 minutes. Strain the infusion and drink 200 g 3 times a day. Such a tool has an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
Recipe number 6. Three times a day, drink two tablespoons of dried marshwort infusion, prepared from 20 g of grass and 200 g of boiling water. Add honey to the medicine received beforehand and take it before meals.
Recipe number 7. A classic mixture of herbs - chamomile officinalis, calendula and yarrow - has a good therapeutic effect. 30 g of this composition, pour 300 g of hot water and insist overnight. During the day, take this bowel-healing remedy at 100 g one hour before meals.
Ulcer treatment involves giving up bad habits, including drinking and smoking. Ethyl alcohol and nicotine, when ingested, only accelerate the development and progression of the disease.
Avoid stress, they have a direct impact on health, in particular, on immunity. And this negatively affects the state of internal organs, including the digestive system, and reduces the body's defenses.
Reduce your intake of fatty and fried foods, acidic foods, and chocolate and coffee. Maintains the health of an organ such as the duodenum, a diet high in fiber. Therefore, oat bran, lentils, flaxseed, carrots, soy milk, peas are useful for the intestines.
If an attack of peptic ulcer took you by surprise, lie on your right side, bend your knees and press them to your chest. Take a pain reliever and call a doctor or an ambulance. Remember that the correct diet, the use of vegetables, cereals, soups, the exclusion of dry snacks or overeating, a healthy lifestyle help prevent the development of chronic diseases of the digestive system.
Diseases of the duodenum (duodenum) are inflammatory and non-inflammatory in nature.
The inflammatory process occurs as a result of irritation of the mucous membrane of the organ by gastric juice with an increased concentration of acid, the penetration of bacterial infections.
The development of non-inflammatory diseases is facilitated by: environmental factors, malnutrition, stress.
Duodenitis (duodenitis) is the most common inflammatory disease in which the walls and mucous membrane of the duodenum are affected. With a long course of the disease, atrophic changes occur in the structure of the membrane. Inflammation can occur in acute or chronic form.
Acute duodenitis occurs as a result of the negative effects of chemicals or damage to the mucous membrane by foreign bodies.
The main symptoms of the disease, which occurs in an acute form: aching or intense pain in the epigastric (pit of the stomach), nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, fever.
Chronic duodenitis during exacerbations is manifested by a violation of the stool, rumbling in the abdomen, nausea, bitter belching, pain. Depending on the clinical manifestations, several types of the disease are distinguished.
Pain in the epigastric region some time after eating indicates an ulcer-like variant of duodenitis. Often the disease is complicated by bleeding.
With a cholecystic-like form of the disease, there are severe pains in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the abdomen or subscapular region.
A feeling of heaviness and pain in the upper part of the epigastric region are characteristic of gastritis-like duodenitis.
In some cases, there is a mixed form in which all of the above symptoms are present.
As you can see, the clinical picture of duodenitis is similar to peptic ulcer, chronic cholecystitis, and other functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. An accurate diagnosis is based on the results of an endoscopic examination.
Inflammation of the duodenum is classified according to the degree of change in the mucous membrane. In the catarrhal form, only the upper layers of the organ are affected. Thickening of the mucous membrane and the formation of folds is characteristic of the hypertrophic type of the disease. Small erosions and ulcers indicate an erosive form of inflammation.
With atrophic duodenitis, the mucous tissues become thinner, and the secretory function is disturbed.
According to the localization of inflammation, types of duodenitis are distinguished.
- Focal. A small area of the intestine is affected.
- Distal. Inflammation develops in the region where the duodenum passes into the small intestine.
- diffuse. The entire mucous membrane is affected.
- proximal. The pathological process occurs in the area of the intestine near the stomach.
Chronic duodenitis occurs with alternating phases of inflammation and remission. In most patients, the exacerbation lasts for several weeks.
Treatment depends on the causes of the disease. Proper therapy and diet can reduce the frequency of relapses.
Peptic ulcer of the duodenum
Duodenal ulcer is a chronic inflammatory disease.
On the mucous membrane, wounds are formed that have the shape of a small crater. The size of the ulcer is from 5 to 10 mm in diameter. In severe cases, defects of more than three centimeters are observed.
Peptic ulcer disease occurs as a result of various factors. The initial section is most often affected. The acidic contents of the stomach are thrown into it.
The main causes provoking duodenal ulcer.
- Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori produces toxic substances that destroy intestinal epithelial cells. This leads to erosion. In addition, as a result of the vital activity of bacteria, ammonia is released, which contributes to cell death.
- Aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid. Acid violates the integrity of the mucous membrane and promotes inflammation of certain areas.
- Prolonged stress. They provoke spasms of the vessels of the intestinal mucosa, which disrupt the nutrition of cells. As a result, some of the cells die, ulcerations form in their place. Also, the development of duodenal ulcer is promoted by: malnutrition, hereditary predisposition, impaired immunity, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Some risk factors can be avoided. You need to learn how to calmly respond to stressful situations, refuse junk food, and not abuse medicines.
The clinical picture of duodenal ulcer is more pronounced during the period of exacerbation. The main symptom is hunger and night pain, which subsides after eating, antacid drugs or vomiting. Pain sensations are of varying intensity and appear periodically. The exacerbation lasts from several days to several weeks. During the period of remission, patients feel well.
Typical symptoms are: heartburn, belching, loss of appetite. Many patients experience constipation during an exacerbation. Nausea and vomiting are less common.
In some cases, the disease proceeds with mild symptoms, and the ulcer heals on its own.
If the duodenal ulcer is not treated, the submucosal and muscular layers are affected. Complications develop in the form of bleeding, perforation, scarring and malignancy.
When the ulcer is perforated, the contents of the intestine enter the abdominal cavity and cause purulent peritonitis. The first symptom of perforation is a sharp pain in the epigastric region, which spreads rapidly, covers the entire abdomen and radiates to the right shoulder or shoulder blade.
Tumors of the duodenum
Benign tumors (myoma, lipoma, hemangioma, adenomatous polyp) are rare. In most cases, they are localized in the region of the Vater papilla. There are no symptoms in the early stages. Neoplasms of large size disrupt the passage of food slurry and are accompanied by bleeding, cramping pains in the epigastric region.
Cancer of the duodenum is also a relatively rare disease. Neoplasms are formed from intestinal glands and epithelial cells of intestinal crypts. Under the microscope, the tumors present as a dense ulcerated surface with high margins.
Predispose to the development of the disease:
- hereditary factors;
- Crohn's disease;
- benign adenomas;
- bad habits and unbalanced diet.
Cancer cells metastasize to the regional lymph glands. In neighboring organs (liver, pancreas, root of the mesentery of the small intestine) rarely spread.
In the early stages, the disease is difficult to diagnose. A cancerous tumor does not manifest itself for a long time. Symptoms appear when the neoplasm narrows the intestinal lumen or tumor intoxication develops. There are pains of varying intensity; weakness and fatigue; decreased appetite and immunity; the temperature rises.
In the later stages, if the neoplasm affects the bile duct, patients develop yellowness of the skin, feces become discolored due to an increase in bilirubin.
As the pathological tumor grows, symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the stool are observed.
Seeking medical attention when mild symptoms appear can save health and life.
Diverticula of the duodenum 12
Saccular protrusions form on the walls of the organ.
The formation of a diverticulum is facilitated by:
- congenital weakness of the duodenal wall;
- inflammatory diseases of neighboring organs;
- irrational nutrition;
- age-related changes in connective tissue.
Usually the disease is asymptomatic. In some cases, after eating, there are pain and heaviness in the right side of the abdomen, nausea. Obstructive jaundice is observed if the bile duct is in a diverticulum.
Severe pain occurs when an inflammatory process occurs in the diverticulum.
Fistulas of the duodenum
The formation of internal duodenal fistulas is facilitated by pathological processes in the intestinal wall. They pass to neighboring organs (gall bladder, cavity of the large and small intestine). Also, from nearby organs, the disease can spread to the duodenum.
Symptoms depend on which part of the gastrointestinal tract communicates with the intestine through the fistulous tract. For example, when a channel with the gallbladder is formed, the following are observed: gas and stool retention, nausea, vomiting, bitterness in the mouth.
External duodenal fistulas (connection of the skin surface with the intestinal lumen)
are formed after penetrating wounds, injuries of the abdominal organs and divergence of surgical sutures. As a result of the loss of digestive juice, the balance of electrolytes and proteins is disturbed.
Symptoms of diseases of the duodenum are similar to the clinical manifestations of diseases of neighboring organs. In some cases, the diagnosis can be made after a complete examination of the gastrointestinal tract.
Stomach disease is a very unpleasant and common ailment faced by a large number of people. Most often, the occurring violations are associated with dysfunction of the stomach, with gastroduodenitis and ulcers, as well as duodenal cancer.
As for the last organ, it is located at the beginning of the intestine and is responsible for the absorption of nutrients entering the human body. And if the disease is associated specifically with this organ, then the negative consequences relate to all health in general. Therefore, it is important to know all the causes and inflammation of a duodenal ulcer, the signs of such an ailment, as well as the methods of its treatment.
Where is the duodenum
The very first part of the small intestine, starting from the stomach, passing into the small intestine and flowing into the jejunum, is precisely the duodenum (duodenum).
If problems begin with this organ in the form of diseases such as an ulcer, or an inflammatory process, then the person begins to experience severe discomfort, noticeable pain and upset of the entire digestive tract.
The topography of the duodenum is quite complex. Its length is 30 centimeters, which is equal to 12 transverse dimensions of the fingers of the hand, which is why the intestine is called so. At the same time, it is located behind the peritoneum and is adjacent to those tissues that are also located in the retroperitoneal cavity.
Structure
This body consists of several parts:
1. Upper and descending department.
The uppermost part of the duodenum is up to six centimeters long. It is located along an oblique line, curving and forming a kind of arc, the mucous membrane of which forms longitudinal folds.
Then comes the descending section. It is located on the right side of the spine at the same level as the lower back. It is in this area that a large papilla is located, from where the ducts open.
After that, the intestine bends upward and forms an ascending part. Its length is up to five centimeters, and it is located to the left of the spine in the lumbar region.
Features of the structure of the duodenum is that it does not have a permanent shape. The situation varies and depends on many factors, including the age and weight of the person.
Front view 
Back view Another feature of such an organ is its syntopy. At the same time in contact with the liver and pancreas, the ducts of the glands flow into the duodenum, as well as the ureter and the right kidney. Such anatomy provokes the risk of developing serious diseases in this area.
Functions
This organ plays one of the most important roles in the entire process of digestion. It is in the duodenal cavity that enzymes mix with digestive juices (pancreatic and gastric, bile). Due to this, the food entering the body is broken down into nutrients, which are then easily absorbed in the intestinal walls.
At the base of the villi of the duodenum, intestinal glands open, producing duodenal juice and the necessary hormones. Also, the functions of this body include the regulation of:
- activity of the liver and pancreas;
- reflex closing and opening of the pylorus;
- acidity of gastric juice.
Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer
Peptic ulcer (ICD code 10) is chronic, so it is constantly accompanied by stages of exacerbation and remission. During the period of the passive course of the disease, ulcers usually do not worry about anything and they do not feel any discomfort. But in the acute stage, the main symptoms of this disease begin to appear.
There is a mirror ulcer, characterized by the presence of neoplasms, both at the beginning of the intestine and at its end. Quite often there are several ulcers, and this complicates the course of the disease and takes longer to heal.
The main symptom of the disease is pain, which has its own specific characteristic. Usually painful spasm is localized on the right side. The pain begins in the right hypochondrium, gradually localized in the lumbar-vertebral region. It is also a distinctive feature that such an unpleasant sensation appears on an empty stomach and at night. But when a person eats food, the spasm decreases. This happens because the ulcer gradually destroys the mucosa and submucosa.
Additional symptoms of a peptic ulcer may include:
- present heartburn;
- appearing nausea;
- belching after eating;
- vomiting with a sour taste;
- drastic weight loss.
Another characteristic symptom of an ulcer is indigestion. It is manifested by frequent diarrhea. In this case, a person may not tolerate fruits and dairy products. Also, if body weight decreases with increased appetite, then we are definitely talking about inflammation of the duodenum, which is extremely dangerous.
If the ulcers have completely affected this organ, then a yellow coating may appear on the tongue. This happens due to the fact that there is a spasm of the bile ducts and stagnation of bile is formed. As a result, at an early stage of the disease, a person is tormented by pain from the right side, and the skin surface becomes yellowish.
During an ulcer, the stomach is covered with scar tissue, which can cause the evacuation of food that gets inside. All this leads to vomiting, after which the patient's condition may improve for a while.
More often, the period of exacerbation occurs in the spring and autumn season, and lasts for eight weeks. But the remission stage can last from four weeks to several years. The danger of such a disease lies in the complications that the course of the disease can lead to.
How to check the duodenum
In order not to face serious complications and consequences for the whole organism, treatment of duodenal ulcers should be started as early as possible. And in order to detect this disease, it is necessary to carry out a number of activities. It is the diagnosis and subsequent therapy that help prevent the destruction of the mucous membrane.
All these methods make it possible to detect the presence of erosion, diverticulum or parafatheral ulcer, due to which an accurate diagnosis is made, since the symptoms of various diseases of the stomach are very similar to each other. They help to check whether the histology of the duodenum is normal, as well as its anatomy and physiology.
Therefore, as soon as signs of a duodenal ulcer were found in women or men, you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures, and then draw up a treatment regimen.
Diseases of the duodenum
Diseases associated with damage to the duodenum have similar symptoms at the initial stage, but the clinical picture is different. At the same time, they all provoke an inflammatory process that negatively affects the state of the whole organism.
One such disease is duodenal lymphangiectasia. With this pathology, the lymph nodes increase, which causes swelling of the duodenal tissues, which is called microlymphostasis.
Proteins entering the body are no longer absorbed and swelling only increases. The cause of such a disease can be pancreatitis, pericarditis, oncology, intestinal endometriosis, Crohn's disease.
More often lymphectasis is diagnosed in childhood and young age.
Inflammatory
Inflammatory processes include Dyskenesia and Duodenostasis. Such ailments lead to a violation of the motor function of the diseased organ. In the cavity of the duodenum, stagnation is formed. As a result, a mushy mass (chyme) is retained in the intestine, which is the remains of incompletely digested food and gastric juice. Pain begins to appear in the epigastric region.
Spasm often occurs after a meal, thereby provoking a feeling of nausea and vomiting. Heaviness is felt under the spoon, a person stops eating normally, he may experience constipation and weight begins to decrease.
Treatment in this case is most often based on the observance of a special diet. Meals become fractional up to six times a day. The menu should contain dishes containing a large amount of vitamin and fiber. In some cases, if necessary, parenteral nutrition and intestinal lavage are prescribed (once every four days).
In addition to therapy, sedative drugs and tranquilizers can be connected. Abdominal massage and therapeutic exercises can speed up the treatment process.
Another inflammatory disease is duodenal erosion. In this case, the inflammatory process proceeds on the surface of the mucosa, without penetrating into the muscle layers and forming erosive areas.
An ultrasound may show thickening of the wall of the duodenum itself. Quickly identified symptoms and treatment of duodenal erosion, started in a timely manner, gives results. But this ailment can be provoked by long-term medication, stress, unhealthy diet, helicobacter bacteria and smoking.
Ulcer
This disease occurs as a result of exposure to the duodenal mucosa of acid and pepsin. Great importance in the pathogenesis of this disease is attached to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. The disease proceeds with relapses and even after healing, the ulcer leaves a scar.
The main manifestation of this disease is pain of varying intensity, manifested in the upper abdomen. During physical exertion, an unpleasant spasm intensifies. The same thing happens when you feel hungry, when you eat spicy food and alcohol. Pain usually improves after a person takes antacids or antisecretory drugs.
An ulcer is dangerous for its manifestations. And if the disease is severe and with complications, a person may face disability.
Complications of duodenal ulcer
Quite often escalates and can lead to unpleasant consequences. Sometimes internal bleeding occurs, which can be detected by blood clots present in vomit and feces.
Also, the ulcer tends to spread to adjacent healthy organs. Sometimes the wall of the duodenum acquires a hole of a through character. And if penetration occurs, then the person is faced with regular vomiting and nausea, after which there is no relief.
Against the background of the underlying disease, a hernia may form. And these are not all the complications that can be encountered with a duodenal ulcer:
1. Perforation of the ulcer. It develops quite suddenly and is characterized by sharp pains in the pit of the stomach. Palpation of the abdomen is painful, and the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are very tense. In this case, the ulcer increases and becomes 1 cm in size, which is considered large. For suturing a perforated ulcer, preliminary mobilization of the intestine according to Kocher is necessary.
2. Pyloric stenosis. It is manifested by vomit of the food that a person ate the day before. At the same time, a burp with a rotten smell appears. And with a superficial examination, peristalsis is noticeable in the epigastric region.
3. Ulcer penetration. This is the transition of the disease to other organs. The pain at the same time increases and does not depend on food intake. The temperature may rise and the person is tormented by a feverish condition. Parapapillary ulcer breaks into a limited space. These are nearby organs and ligaments.
4. Malignancy. This is the degeneration of an ulcer into a malignant tumor. At first, there are no obvious symptoms. And the disease itself is revealed during a detailed examination. At the same time, the clinical picture changes, the frequency of exacerbations becomes more frequent, and the disease ceases to be associated with a certain seasonality.
5. Arteriomesenteric obstruction of the duodenum. It develops due to incorrect rotation of the intestine or due to a congenital deformity called atresia. This condition is exacerbated if cholelithiasis begins to develop additionally. This usually happens to older women.
Treatment of diseases of the duodenum
Treatment of all diseases of the duodenum should be comprehensive and complete. First, the doctor studies the history of the course of the disease, diagnoses and chooses therapy. A person will have to follow all the basic recommendations. They may relate to nutrition, gymnastics and basic lifestyle.
All this will help reduce the symptoms and the treatment of inflammation of the duodenum will go at an accelerated pace. Bed rest becomes mandatory, which has a beneficial effect on blood supply in the gastric and intestinal tract.
Therapeutic therapy is based on the following principles:
- taking pills that relieve the symptoms of the disease;
- taking a course of antibiotics;
- the use of painkillers;
- dieting;
- rejection of bad habits;
- use of traditional medicine recipes;
- physiotherapy.
Medical
Drug treatment is based on drugs belonging to the group of proton pump inhibitors. They contribute to the scarring of ulcerative formations, and thereby the scarred tissue alleviates the resulting painful spasms.
When the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is found in the body with an ulcer, then eradication drugs are connected to the therapy. Typically, the treatment regimen consists of the following medications:
- Preparations Rabeprazole or Omez (PPI);
- Clarithromycin;
- Metronidazole or Amoxicillin.
The dosage is prescribed by the attending physician. If the completed course of drug therapy does not give the desired result, then De-Nol is connected to the treatment. At the end, fibrogastroscopy is performed, and if serious complications are found, then surgical intervention is performed.
So, if we are talking about arteriomesenteric compression, gastric resection is performed. Polyps in the duodenum are also removed. In some cases, a duodenal stump suture is used.
Treatment with folk remedies
Treatment with folk remedies can also give a positive result. The basis of such therapy is the use of natural ingredients that enhance the functions of the immune system, improve the digestion process, and also have antibacterial and healing properties. What helps to relieve pain in ulcerative lesions.
A good result is given by decoctions prepared on the basis of calendula and yarrow, golden mustache and burdock root. St. John's wort and olive oil tincture gives a quick positive effect. Also use viburnum, dandelion root, chamomile and honey, propolis.
Flax seeds are one of the most effective ways to cope at home. A special decoction is prepared from them, which is taken for two months daily, 50 ml before the main meal.
Flax decoction improves the condition of an ulcer and can be used as a prophylaxis, especially during exacerbations.
Causes of diseases of the duodenum
The factors that provoke diseases associated with the duodenum include:
Men are more prone to such diseases, as they do not follow their diet at all. In most cases, they eat on the run or simply replace the meal with a cup of coffee. They smoke a lot and drink more alcohol than women.
As for children, their stomach diseases are associated with hereditary predisposition, with increased acid formation, with poisoning with toxins and with a lack of food intake.
Bulbitis of the duodenum
Duodenal bulbitis is also a digestive disorder in which beneficial substances are no longer absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. And such a disease manifests itself immediately.
By its manifestation, it delivers tangible discomfort and prevents a person from leading a full and familiar lifestyle. But if the diagnosis is carried out in a timely manner and treatment is started, then this disease can be completely eliminated.
Bulbitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the duodenal bulb, which is one of the types of duodenitis. Very often, this pathology is accompanied by gastritis or postbulbar ulcers.
According to its localization, this disease can be focal and total. In adults, this disease occurs for the following reasons:
- infections caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
- weakening of the immune system;
- lack of adrenal hormones;
- prolonged stay in stress and psychosomatics;
- failure of the mode of eating;
- heredity and the presence of bad habits.
Bulbit is accompanied by tangible pain spasms and indigestion. In the early stages there is nausea without vomiting, constipation and heartburn. Then, when the disease progresses, there is vomiting with bile, which the liver secretes and belching with a bitter taste. In the last stages, a person is faced with a decrease in efficiency and a deterioration in the immune system, regular headaches and muscle weakness are connected to this.
Treatment is based on taking medications, on observing proper nutrition and on herbal medicine.
duodenal cancer
Cancer is considered a rare disease that is very difficult to diagnose at an early stage. This disease is a carcinoma, which is a malignant neoplasm (polyp or adenoma). It develops from intestinal epithelial cells, which spread to all neighboring organs. This diagnosis is mainly faced by older men and women (after 50 years).
The first symptoms of duodenal cancer do not manifest themselves. But over time, signs begin to appear that indicate diseases of the stomach:
- belching and heartburn;
- loss of appetite;
- weakness and weight loss;
- pallor of the skin;
- sleep disturbance and migraine.
The most obvious symptom indicating cancer is aching pain of a dull and constant nature, which is in no way associated with eating. And with the growth of the tumor, all the symptoms only get worse.
Duodenitis
The inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the duodenum is duodenitis. If inflammation occurs in the upper part of this organ, then the symptom
atika resembles a disease such as an ulcer. But if it affects the lower parts of the intestine, then the signs are similar to pancreatitis. And men with duodenitis are more likely than women. And on endoscopy with inflammation, semolina syndrome can be observed.
The main symptoms of this disease include:
- poor appetite and indigestion;
- feeling of heaviness after eating;
- vomiting and nausea with a certain frequency;
- painful cramps in the center and upper abdomen;
- stool with blood impurities;
- flatulence and diarrhea;
- general weakness of the body.
When Duodenitis is combined with a duodenal ulcer, then the main and obvious symptom is severe pain, which manifests itself on an empty stomach. Details about Duodenitis in the video:
Nutrition during and after illness
Nutrition and treatment for duodenal ulcers are inextricably linked. Only then therapy gives tangible results and accelerates the healing process.
The main principles of nutrition during the treatment period include:
- fractional meals up to six times a day;
- food is steamed or boiled;
- frying products is excluded;
- chew food slowly and thoroughly;
- salt intake should be limited;
- spices, garlic and seasonings are completely removed from the diet;
- Meals should be warm, not cold or hot.
Exclude from the main menu products that irritate the mucous membrane of the duodenum. These are spicy and salty foods, carbonated drinks, fast food, acidic fruits that create an alkaline environment. Also prohibited products include:
- smoked meats and fatty meats;
- shop semi-finished products, including dumplings;
- rich broths and lard;
- yeast-based baking;
- raw vegetables, especially tomatoes and cabbage;
- coffee and strong tea;
- mushrooms and seeds;
- sweets and confectionery;
- citrus fruits and pomegranate;
- alcohol, including beer.
During the treatment of a duodenal ulcer, the diet should consist of such permitted foods as:
- milk, chicken and vegetable soups;
- cereals on water and milk;
- white bread and lean meat;
- mineral water;
- low fat cheese;
- skimmed milk and cottage cheese;
- eggs only in boiled form;
- vegetables and fruits that have undergone heat treatment and do not cause gas formation;
- honey and fiber.
Bananas can be eaten in remission, but when exacerbated, they are removed from the diet. You need to be careful with barley, millet and corn porridge. You can add cinnamon and vanillin to dishes. When the disease becomes moderate and all signs disappear, dried fruits such as prunes, dried apricots and dates are allowed. But during the period of acute course of the disease, they are prohibited.
With an ulcer of the duodenal bulb, a treatment table 1, 5 is prescribed. Subsequently, when the symptoms of the disease are eliminated, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the recommended diet. You can use dairy products, but fermented milk products, such as kefir, are better with minimal fat content. And it is better if it is one-day. Yogurt is allowed, but only fat-free.
Fruits and berries should be sweet and are best consumed in the form of jam or puree. It is better to stew vegetables and take those that do not irritate the mucous membrane. But sauerkraut should be abandoned. It is better to replace this vegetable with cauliflower, it is also useful to include pumpkin in the menu: read.
You should drink a lot of water, jelly and fruit drinks, compotes and decoctions of medicinal herbs that have anti-ulcer properties. Instead of coffee, it is recommended to drink chicory, but not in its pure form, but as part of other useful collections. You can use green and clarified tea.
Prevention
In order not to provoke an exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer again, which becomes healed in 21 days, you need to give up bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. Then there will be no questions about how many people live with this disease.
You also need to follow the basics of proper nutrition and avoid foods that provoke irritation of the mucous membrane. Persimmon is very useful during this period, as it reduces the likelihood of bleeding.
You need to visit the dentist regularly and try to reduce the negative impact of stress on your own body. Sports should be done without excessive load. Such prevention will reduce the risk of repeated relapses and relieve unpleasant symptoms.
Expert opinion Tsigalov M. M. Doctor - gastroenterologist, Barnaul. The most important and valuable thing is your health. In order to prevent such unpleasant and sometimes terrible diagnoses, you should lead a healthy lifestyle and follow simple rules, namely: eat evenly throughout the day: 3 main meals and 2 snacks, drink clean water, lead an active lifestyle and not bring themselves with nervous breakdowns. These simple rules will allow you to live without diseases. Well, if you have already felt unpleasant symptoms, then you need to conduct an examination without delay. Stay healthy.