-). In total, Selim I increased the size of the Ottoman Empire by 70%, and at the time of his death its area was 1.494 million km².
| سليم اول - Selîm-i evvel | ||||||
|
||||||
|
||||||
| Predecessor | Bayezid II | |||||
| Successor | Suleiman I | |||||
| Birth |
October 10(1465-10-10
)
Amasya, Ottoman Empire |
|||||
| Death |
September 22nd(1520-09-22
)
(54 years old) Edirne, Ottoman Empire |
|||||
| Burial place |
|
|||||
| Genus | Ottomans | |||||
| Father | Bayezid II | |||||
| Mother | Gulbahar-khatun | |||||
| Spouse | Aishe Khatun and Hafsa Sultan | |||||
| Children | Suleiman the Magnificent | |||||
| Religion | Islam | |||||
| Autograph |
|
|||||
|
||||||
| Selim I at Wikimedia Commons | ||||||
Biography
In May 1514, Selim's army set out on a campaign to the east, passed Sivas, Erzurum and invaded the possessions of Ismail; The Qizilbash avoided battle, hoping to exhaust the enemy army, and retreated deeper into the country, destroying everything that could be useful to the Turks. On August 23, 1514, in the Battle of Chaldiran, the Sultan defeated the Shah (Selim had 120-200 thousand, Ismail 30-60 thousand; the Turks had an advantage in firearms, the Qizilbash had practically no infantry and artillery).
Two weeks later, Selim entered the Safavid capital Tabriz; He stayed here for several days, but the Janissaries, fearing a hungry winter, demanded to be led back. Selim left through Yerevan, Kars, Erzurum, Sivas and Amasya, capturing the treasury and harem of the Shah, and taking about a thousand skilled artisans to Istanbul. After Chaldiran, Diyarbakir, Bitlis, Hasankeyf, Miyafarikin, Nejti submitted to the Turks; but when Selim left, Ismail conquered most of southeastern Anatolia and besieged the Turkish garrison at Diyarbakir for a whole year.
In culture
Appears in one of the final scenes of the game Assassin's Creed: Revelations, where he personally throws his brother, shehzade Akhmet, into the abyss.
In 1996-2003 The Ukrainian TV series “Roksolana” was released. The role of Sultan Selim was played by Konstantin Stepankov.
Appears in the memories of the son of Suleiman I in the television series “The Magnificent Century”. The role of the Sultan was played by Turkish actor Muharrem Gülmez.
He was the son of famous historical figures, about whom legends are still made and films are made. Who was Selim and what weakness of his led to ridicule from the Janissaries?
Birth
The future Selim II was born in 1566 in Istanbul. His father was Suleiman the First, nicknamed the Magnificent. The mother is known as Roksolana - a concubine in the harem, and later the wife of the Sultan, who was Slavic by origin. In the Ottoman Empire her name was Hurrem Haseki.
As first heir to the throne
He was not the sultan's eldest child, so he could not claim the throne. However, his elder brother Mehmed died in 1544. His father appointed Selim II ruler of the province of Manisa. Four years later, Suleiman went on a campaign against Persia, and left his son in the capital as regent.
In 1553, by order of the Sultan, Selim's elder brother Mustafa was executed. After this, he became the first heir to the throne.
Fight between brothers
In 1558, the relationship between Selim and Bayezid did not deteriorate significantly. The father attempted to calm his sons down by sending them away from Istanbul. They were supposed to rule the distant provinces. The first heir to the throne was sent to Konya, and the youngest of the brothers to Amasya.
But this did not help, and a year later the brothers started an internecine war for power. The initiator of the armed clash was Bayezid. He was the first to move his troops against his brother, but was defeated near Konya. In this battle, Selim II had a numerical superiority thanks to the support of his father.
After a crushing defeat, Bayazid and his family were forced to flee to Persia. Two years later he was extradited by Shah Tahmasp. As a result, Sehzade was strangled along with his five sons.
After the suppression of the uprising, Selim ruled the province of Kütahya.
Reign period
In 1566, Suleiman the Great passed away. His son reached the capital in three weeks. Upon arrival, he took the Sultan's throne.
During his reign, he received two nicknames:
- Blonde - due to hair color
- Drunkard - due to addiction to wine.
As many researchers prove, Selim II the Drunkard did not suffer from alcoholism. The fact is that by faith Muslims should not drink alcohol. The Sultan could not deny himself this pleasure, so compared to others he seemed like a drinking man. For this, the Janissaries did not like the ruler.
In foreign policy, the Sultan continued his father’s aggressive tactics:
- In 1568, an agreement was concluded with Austria to end the war. The state had to pay the Ottoman Empire thirty thousand ducats annually.
- In 1569 there was an attempt to capture Astrakhan, which was an important trading center. It was not successful - there were not enough resources to storm the city, and the siege was completed due to a lack of food and the approach of cold weather.
- In 1570 - war with Venice. The Sultan sought to capture Cyprus. The Holy League was created to help the Venetians. It included Spain, Malta, Genoa, Savoy. For three years, the most significant was the Battle of Lepanto. The galleys of the Porte and the Holy League took part in it. The Christians won the battle, but Selim won the war itself. Venice lost Cyprus and was obliged to pay indemnities of three hundred thousand ducats.
- In 1574 - a campaign of forty thousand Turkish troops to Tunisia. Spanish fortresses were taken and prisoners were executed. Large areas of North Africa came under the authority of the Porte.
The territory of the Ottoman Empire increased significantly under Selim's rule. However, this led to the problem of maintaining power over all the conquered lands. In 1572, an uprising broke out in Moldova. It was suppressed, but the offensive power of the Porte began to dry up.
Under Selim, state affairs were managed by the vizier Mehmed. Many researchers believe that the power of the empire is connected with the activities of this particular person.
In 1574 the Sultan died. This happened in a harem, in which Selim loved to be no less than to drink wine.
The Sultan was buried in the mausoleum, which is considered the most beautiful and decorated in Istanbul. It was built by the famous architect Mimar Sinan on the territory of Hagia Sophia. Construction began when Selim ascended the throne and was completed after his death. Later, his beloved wife and some children and grandchildren were buried in the mausoleum.
Family and Children
Ottoman Sultan Selim II had many sons. Their exact number is unknown. According to various sources, there were from six to nine of them.
His main wife was Nurbanu. The woman had Greek-Venetian roots. She bore him the future ruler Murad the Third and four daughters.
When Murad came to power, he executed all the other brothers.
Incarnation in cinema
The eleventh Sultan of the Ottoman Empire became one of the heroes of modern Turkish cinema.
He is mentioned in the TV series “Hurrem Sultan”, which was released in 2003. The role of Roksolana's son and the Sultan was played by Atilay Uluyshik.
The series “The Magnificent Century” became more famous. It aired from 2011 to 2014. The continuation of the series began in 2015. The adult Selim was played by Engin Ozturk. The biography of the Sultan in the film does not always correspond to historical realities, since the creators sought to create a spectacular product.
"To subsequent generations, Selim is known as "Yavuz", i.e. "The Terrible": he came to power through violence, and violence marked his entire reign. He died on the way from Edirne to Istanbul on the night of September 21-22, 1520 , leaving only one son, Suleiman, who ascended the throne without a fight. Before his death, he ordered the main clerics of the country to extend the duration of the agreement sanctioning the war against Ismail."
Caroline Finkel. "History of the Ottoman Empire. Osman's Vision"
“In Tabriz, on one of the five city hills, there is a mosque. Sultan Suleiman the First the Magnificent built this mosque in memory of his father Selim the First, nicknamed Yavuz. Translated, it means “gloomy” or “formidable.”
This nickname suits the legendary ruler perfectly...
Census of the Dead
The Sultan carefully planned all his military and political actions. He looked for gaps in the conclusions of his enemies and easily destroyed their plans. He himself knew that all the actions and actions of the enemies were aimed at the destruction of Turkey. And he wanted to become famous as a great conqueror.
His eight-year reign is the implementation of a plan to transform small Turkey into a world power of the time. He resolved this issue in a unique way - by destroying part of his own population on the border with Persia, where Shah Ishmael, who professed Shiite Islam, then ruled.
When domestic Shiites became more active in cities in the east, the Sultan ordered his Qizilbash to conduct a kind of census. And then, exactly according to the lists, all Shiites between the ages of seven and seventy were liquidated.
Historians estimate the number of those killed at 45-50 thousand people and justify the murderer’s actions as a preemptive maneuver. Allegedly, he put the unfortunate people to death so that they would not unexpectedly become a fifth column during the war with Ishmael! This was followed by military operations on the territory of the Shah.
Ishmael hoped to stop the enemy by using scorched earth tactics - that is, devastating the areas through which Selim had to move. But the tactic didn't work. The Turks easily passed through the dead lands and gave battle to the Shah. There were much more Turks, and they had excellent artillery. Ishmael was defeated, and Tabriz went to Turkey along with the Shah's treasury and various talented craftsmen. The masters were immediately taken to Istanbul.
Selim reacted in a similar way to the strife between Syria and Egypt. In Egypt at that time, the Circassian Mamluk dynasty established itself on the throne. The head of Egypt also bore the title of Sultan of Islam, that is, he was considered the head of all devout Muslims. But the Sultan of Islam could not protect the pilgrims going to the Muslim shrines in Mecca and Medina. They were constantly intercepted and captured by the Portuguese crusaders.
In 1506, the pilgrimage throughout the history of Islam was suspended! Selim decided to take advantage of the moment. Unexpectedly for the enemy, he entered Kurdistan and expelled the Persians from there to mountainous Iran, and then in 1516 captured Syria. In 1517, the Sultan marched on Cairo. The Mamluks lost the Battle of Mount Mukkatam, and Egypt passed into the hands of Selim. Automatically he received the title belonging to the ruler of Egypt - ruler of the two holy cities. Selim took with him to Istanbul a huge indemnity - “a thousand camels loaded with gold and silver, and this is not counting the booty, which consisted of weapons, porcelain, bronze, horses, mules, camels and other things, not to mention magnificent marble.”
Selim the Terrible at the walls of Damascus. Miniature from the Selim-name manuscript.
1597-1598
Tughra: Selim I the Terrible (Yavuz) (osm. سليم اول - Selîm-i evvel , tour; Birinci Selim, Yavuz Sultan Selim 14651010 ) October 10 (
Biography
In May 1514, Selim's army set out on a campaign to the east, passed Sivas, Erzurum and invaded the possessions of Ismail; The Qizilbash avoided battle, hoping to exhaust the enemy army, and retreated deeper into the country, destroying everything that could be useful to the Turks. On August 23, 1514, in the Battle of Chaldiran, the Sultan defeated the Shah (Selim had 120-200 thousand, Ismail 30-60 thousand; the Turks had an advantage in firearms, the Qizilbash had practically no infantry and artillery).
Two weeks later, Selim entered the Safavid capital of Tabriz; He stayed here for several days, but the Janissaries, fearing a hungry winter, demanded to be led back. Selim left through Yerevan, Kars, Erzurum, Sivas and Amasya, capturing the treasury and harem of the Shah, and taking about a thousand skilled artisans to Istanbul. After Çaldiran, Diyarbakir, Bitlis, Hasankeyf, Miyafarikin, Nejti submitted to the Turks; but when Selim left, Ismail conquered most of southeastern Anatolia and besieged the Turkish garrison at Diyarbakir for a whole year.
Five sons of Selim I are known, four of whom (Orhan, Musa, Korkut, Uveis) died in childhood. The mother of all shehzade was the European Aishe. Some sources claim that Selim I had only one son, Suleiman I.
There are also references to at least two other wives of Selim I, whose names are unknown.
In culture
Appears in one of the final scenes of the game Assassin's Creed: Revelations, where he personally throws his brother Shehzade Akhmet into the abyss.
Write a review about the article "Selim I"
Notes
Links
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- Selim- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
- (link unavailable since 06/14/2016 (1094 days))- Monarchs. Muslim East XV-XX, - M.: Veche, 2004. - 544 p.
Excerpt characterizing Selim I
“They must understand that we can only lose by acting offensively. Patience and time, these are my heroes!” – thought Kutuzov. He knew not to pick an apple while it was green. It will fall on its own when it is ripe, but if you pick it green, you will spoil the apple and the tree, and you will set your teeth on edge. He, as an experienced hunter, knew that the animal was wounded, wounded as only the entire Russian force could wound, but whether it was fatal or not was a question that had not yet been clarified. Now, according to the dispatches of Lauriston and Berthelemy and according to the reports of the partisans, Kutuzov almost knew that he was mortally wounded. But more evidence was needed, we had to wait.“They want to run and see how they killed him. Wait and see. All maneuvers, all attacks! - he thought. - For what? Everyone will excel. There's definitely something fun about fighting. They are like children from whom you can’t get any sense, as was the case, because everyone wants to prove how they can fight. That's not the point now.
And what skillful maneuvers all these offer me! It seems to them that when they invented two or three accidents (he remembered the general plan from St. Petersburg), they invented them all. And they all have no number!”
The unresolved question of whether the wound inflicted in Borodino was fatal or not fatal had been hanging over Kutuzov’s head for a whole month. On the one hand, the French occupied Moscow. On the other hand, undoubtedly with his whole being Kutuzov felt that that terrible blow, in which he, together with all the Russian people, strained all his strength, should have been fatal. But in any case, proof was needed, and he had been waiting for it for a month, and the more time passed, the more impatient he became. Lying on his bed on his sleepless nights, he did the very thing that these young generals did, the very thing for which he reproached them. He came up with all possible contingencies in which this certain, already accomplished death of Napoleon would be expressed. He came up with these contingencies in the same way as young people, but with the only difference that he did not base anything on these assumptions and that he saw not two or three, but thousands. The further he thought, the more of them appeared. He came up with all kinds of movements of the Napoleonic army, all or parts of it - towards St. Petersburg, against it, bypassing it, he came up with (which he was most afraid of) and the chance that Napoleon would fight against him with his own weapons, that he would remain in Moscow , waiting for him. Kutuzov even dreamed up the movement of Napoleon’s army back to Medyn and Yukhnov, but one thing he could not foresee was what happened, that crazy, convulsive rushing of Napoleon’s army during the first eleven days of his speech from Moscow - the throwing that made it possible something that Kutuzov still did not dare to think about even then: the complete extermination of the French. Dorokhov's reports about Broussier's division, news from the partisans about the disasters of Napoleon's army, rumors about preparations for departure from Moscow - everything confirmed the assumption that the French army was defeated and was about to flee; but these were only assumptions that seemed important to young people, but not to Kutuzov. With his sixty years of experience, he knew what weight should be attributed to rumors, he knew how capable people who want something are of grouping all the news so that they seem to confirm what they want, and he knew how in this case they willingly miss everything that contradicts. And the more Kutuzov wanted this, the less he allowed himself to believe it. This question occupied all his mental strength. Everything else was for him just the usual fulfillment of life. Such habitual fulfillment and subordination of life were his conversations with staff, letters to m me Stael, which he wrote from Tarutin, reading novels, distributing awards, correspondence with St. Petersburg, etc. n. But the death of the French, foreseen by him alone, was his spiritual, only desire.
On the night of October 11, he lay with his elbow on his hand and thought about it.
There was a stir in the next room, and the steps of Tolya, Konovnitsyn and Bolkhovitinov were heard.
- Hey, who's there? Come in, come in! What's new? – the field marshal called out to them.
While the footman lit the candle, Tol told the contents of the news.
- Who brought it? - asked Kutuzov with a face that struck Tolya, when the candle lit, with its cold severity.
“There can be no doubt, your lordship.”
- Call him, call him here!
Kutuzov sat with one leg hanging off the bed and his big belly leaning on the other, bent leg. He squinted his seeing eye to better examine the messenger, as if in his features he wanted to read what was occupying him.
“Tell me, tell me, my friend,” he said to Bolkhovitinov in his quiet, senile voice, covering the shirt that had opened on his chest. - Come, come closer. What news did you bring me? A? Has Napoleon left Moscow? Is it really so? A?
Bolkhovitinov first reported in detail everything that was ordered to him.
“Speak, speak quickly, don’t torment your soul,” Kutuzov interrupted him.
Bolkhovitinov told everything and fell silent, awaiting orders. Tol began to say something, but Kutuzov interrupted him. He wanted to say something, but suddenly his face squinted and wrinkled; He waved his hand at Tolya and turned in the opposite direction, towards the red corner of the hut, blackened by images.
- Lord, my creator! You heeded our prayer...” he said in a trembling voice, folding his hands. - Russia is saved. Thank you, Lord! - And he cried.
From the time of this news until the end of the campaign, all of Kutuzov’s activities consisted only in using power, cunning, and requests to keep his troops from useless offensives, maneuvers and clashes with the dying enemy. Dokhturov goes to Maloyaroslavets, but Kutuzov hesitates with the entire army and gives orders to cleanse Kaluga, retreat beyond which seems very possible to him.
Kutuzov retreats everywhere, but the enemy, without waiting for his retreat, runs back in the opposite direction.
Historians of Napoleon describe to us his skillful maneuver at Tarutino and Maloyaroslavets and make assumptions about what would have happened if Napoleon had managed to penetrate the rich midday provinces.
But without saying that nothing prevented Napoleon from going to these midday provinces (since the Russian army gave him the way), historians forget that Napoleon’s army could not be saved by anything, because it already carried in itself the inevitable conditions death. Why is this army, which found abundant food in Moscow and could not hold it, but trampled it underfoot, this army, which, having come to Smolensk, did not sort out the food, but plundered it, why could this army recover in the Kaluga province, inhabited by those the same Russians as in Moscow, and with the same property of fire to burn what they light?
The army could not recover anywhere. Since the Battle of Borodino and the sack of Moscow, it already carried within itself the chemical conditions of decomposition.
The people of this former army fled with their leaders without knowing where, wanting (Napoleon and each soldier) only one thing: to personally extricate themselves as soon as possible from that hopeless situation, which, although unclear, they were all aware of.
That is why, at the council in Maloyaroslavets, when, pretending that they, the generals, were conferring, presenting different opinions, the last opinion of the simple-minded soldier Mouton, who said what everyone thought, that it was only necessary to leave as soon as possible, closed all their mouths, and no one , even Napoleon, could not say anything against this universally recognized truth.
But although everyone knew that they had to leave, there was still the shame of knowing that they had to run. And an external push was needed that would overcome this shame. And this push came at the right time. This was what the French called le Hourra de l'Empereur [imperial cheer].
The next day after the council, Napoleon, early in the morning, pretending that he wanted to inspect the troops and the field of the past and future battle, with a retinue of marshals and a convoy, rode along the middle of the line of troops. The Cossacks, snooping around the prey, came across the emperor himself and almost caught him. If the Cossacks did not catch Napoleon this time, then what saved him was the same thing that was destroying the French: the prey that the Cossacks rushed to, both in Tarutino and here, abandoning people. They, not paying attention to Napoleon, rushed to the prey, and Napoleon managed to escape.
When les enfants du Don [the sons of the Don] could catch the emperor himself in the middle of his army, it was clear that there was nothing more to do but to flee as quickly as possible along the nearest familiar road. Napoleon, with his forty-year-old belly, no longer feeling his former agility and courage, understood this hint. And under the influence of the fear that he gained from the Cossacks, he immediately agreed with Mouton and gave, as historians say, the order to retreat back to the Smolensk road.
The fact that Napoleon agreed with Mouton and that the troops went back does not prove that he ordered this, but that the forces that acted on the entire army, in the sense of directing it along the Mozhaisk road, simultaneously acted on Napoleon.
When a person is in motion, he always comes up with a goal for this movement. In order to walk a thousand miles, a person needs to think that there is something good beyond these thousand miles. You need an idea of the promised land in order to have the strength to move.
The promised land during the French advance was Moscow; during the retreat it was the homeland. But the homeland was too far away, and for a person walking a thousand miles, he certainly needs to say to himself, forgetting about the final goal: “Today I will come forty miles to a place of rest and lodging for the night,” and on the first journey this place of rest obscures the final goal and concentrates on yourself all the desires and hopes. Those aspirations that are expressed in an individual always increase in a crowd.
For the French, who went back along the old Smolensk road, the final goal of their homeland was too distant, and the nearest goal, the one to which all desires and hopes strove, in huge proportions intensifying in the crowd, was Smolensk. Not because people knew that there was a lot of provisions and fresh troops in Smolensk, not because they were told this (on the contrary, the highest ranks of the army and Napoleon himself knew that there was little food there), but because this alone could give them the strength to move and endure real hardships. They, both those who knew and those who did not know, equally deceiving themselves as to the promised land, strove for Smolensk.
Having reached the high road, the French ran with amazing energy and unheard-of speed towards their imaginary goal. Besides this reason of common desire, which united the crowds of French into one whole and gave them some energy, there was another reason that bound them. The reason was their number. Their huge mass itself, as in the physical law of attraction, attracted individual atoms of people. They moved with their hundred-thousand-strong mass as an entire state.
SELIM I the Terrible SELIM I the Terrible
SELIM I the Terrible (Selim I Yavuz) (1467, Amasya - September 20, 1520, Istanbul), Sultan of Ottoman Turkey from 1512.
The path to the throne
Selim I ascended the throne in 1512 as a result of a coup when his father Bayezid II the Holy (reigned from 1481) was overthrown from the throne. Before his enthronement, Selim I was the governor of Trebizond and was not his father's direct heir, since he was not the eldest son. But the eldest son Ahmed was inclined towards Sufism and lost his father's support. Selim, taking advantage of his father's poor health, fled to Crimea, where his son was governor, and there he gathered an army that marched along the northern coast of the Black Sea and captured Adrianople. Selim's Janissaries approached Istanbul and forced Bayezid to abdicate. He died on the way to his place of exile; most likely, he was poisoned. Selim also ordered the killing of his brothers and young nephews. Only Prince Djem was saved, who asked for refuge from the Christian sovereigns, but in 1515 he was poisoned by order of Pope Alexander VI Borgia, bribed by Selim’s rich gifts.
Character of man and ruler
From the first steps of his reign, Selim I declared himself as an extraordinary personality and ruler. Like most famous eastern rulers, he was distinguished by his penchant for aphoristic statements and, in particular, stated that he shaved so that none of the nobles could drag him along by his beard, like his father.
Indeed, the reign of Bayezid II was one of the most peaceful periods in the political life of the Turkish empire, and the actions of Selim I during his short reign were radically different from all previous policies. In practice, he prepared all the main bridgeheads for the subsequent conquests of his son Suleiman I the Magnificent (cm. SULEIMAN I KANUNI). However, immediately after ascending the throne, Selim I acted as a strong opponent of the policy of religious tolerance that had already become familiar to the Ottoman Porte.
The persecution of Christian subjects begins, but it does not reach particular severity, because the Sultan's administration brings the main blow to the Shiite heretics. In 1512-1514. was destroyed approx. 40 thousand Shiites.
In general, a characteristic feature of Selim as a person turned out to be incredible cruelty. Direct collaboration with him horrified the nobles. The appointment of new viziers was associated with great difficulties. In order to appoint the next vizier, the Sultan even had to resort to beatings (even a curse saying was born: “May you be Selim’s vizier!”). Having chosen his only direct heir, the Sultan practically ended his relations with the harem. Perhaps this was a reaction to the political difficulties that arose in the country due to the large number of heirs of previous sultans, and the struggle of various elites associated with the harems and entourage of the sons of their predecessors. Most often, internal political conflicts related to the struggle for power were resolved through poisoning.
Selim, however, had a good knowledge of literature, was educated and himself wrote poetry, in particular, odes in Farsi. He patronized poets and scientists.
War with Iran
It is characteristic that, on the orders of the Sultan, Iranian artisans and their families were taken to Turkey, which, in particular, contributed to the development of ceramics production in Turkey. In 1515, a peace was concluded with the Shah, according to which a significant part of Mesopotamia, right up to Mosul, ended up within the borders of Turkey. These borders mainly include areas populated by Sunni Kurds, whose refugees, going into the Sultan's service, formed the main contingent in the border confrontation between Iran and Turkey, which facilitated the preparation of further conquests in Iran, carried out under Selim's son and heir, Suleiman I Magnificent. The natural high mountain plateau captured here made Turkey virtually invulnerable from the East, which radically changed the balance of power in Asia.
War against Mamluk Egypt
Selim I conducts his next decisive military campaign against the Syrian-Egyptian Arab power of the Mamluks (cm. MAMLUKI). This company was held in 1516-1517. It opened with the Battle of Aleppo at the end of the summer of 1516, when, having defeated the Mamluk troops on the Marj Debik plain, the Sultan took possession of Syria, Palestine (including Jerusalem), then northern Arabia (including Medina and Mecca) and Egypt with its capital Cairo. This fast military campaign caused enormous economic damage to the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. Looting and destruction of large areas of crops in the territories of Syria and Palestine caused famine and desolation in many areas. Popular protest movements were suppressed with the cruelty typical of Selim I.
The Legend of the Inheritance of the Caliphs
One of the mythological results of this conquest was the emergence of the question of the Sultan’s right to the title of Caliph. The fact is that at the court of the Mamluk rulers the family of the last descendants of the Arab Abbasid caliphs was kept (cm. ABBASIDS), who, without real power, purely formally continued the dynastic history of the Arab Caliphate (cm. ARAB CALIPHATE), although these ephemeral caliphs themselves were simply listed in the retinue of the Mamluk Sultan. According to legend, the Mamluk caliph Mutawakkil III, when he was captured by Selim the Terrible, gave him the right to inherit the caliphal throne. True, having survived Selim, Mutawakkil III, upon returning to Egypt, was still considered the caliph until his death in 1543, which did not prevent the Turkish sultans from calling themselves caliphs of the faithful, even in official documents.
Military results of the reign
The great wars of conquest of Selim I opened up a huge base bridgehead for the Turkish Empire, which made it possible to prepare Turkey's further aggressive policy in the eastern Mediterranean and the Mediterranean Sea as a whole. Through Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean ports, Turkish trade with European states is intensifying and complex and contradictory political contacts are beginning to be established, which previously went through Turkey’s European possessions in the Northern Black Sea region and the Danube region.
Selim I begins to prepare the next major operation, which was to be directed against the European outpost in the Eastern Mediterranean, about. Rhodes, possession of the Johannite Crusaders. However, preparations for this war required significant efforts to create a Turkish navy. It was because of the creation of this fleet that the conquering sultan suffered death.
The eight-year reign of Sultan Selim I, the Terrible, opens the era of the Turkish conquest of the Mediterranean and the dominance of the Ottoman Porte in it, and thereby the influence of Turkey and Turkish politics on the complex political life of European states during this period.
Beginning of the Reformation (cm. REFORMATION) contributed to the successes of Muslims in the Mediterranean, and political contacts with European states competing in the religious wars turned Turkey into a powerful force to which both German emperors and French kings turned for support.
encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .
See what "SELIM I the Terrible" is in other dictionaries:
- (Yavuz) (1467/68 or 1470 1520) Turkish sultan from 1512. Conquered Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Kurdistan, Northern Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Hijaz (in Saudi Arabia) ... Historical Dictionary
Selim I the Terrible (Yavuz)- Selim I. Selim I. Selim I the Terrible () (/68 or 1470 1520) Turkish Sultan from 1512. Conquered Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Kurdistan, Northern Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Hijaz () ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "World History"
- (1467/1468 or 1470 1520), Turkish sultan from 1512. During the wars of conquest, he subjugated Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Kurdistan, Northern Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Hijaz...
Selim I the Terrible سليم اول Selîm i evvel ... Wikipedia
SELIM I the Terrible (Yavuz) (Selim I Yavuz) (1467/68 or 1470 1520) Turkish Sultan from 1512. During the wars of conquest he subjugated the East. Anatolia, Armenia, Kurdistan, North. Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Hijaz... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Grozny (Yavuz) (Selim I Yavuz) (1467/68 or 1470 1520), Turkish sultan from 1512. During the wars of conquest, he subjugated Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Kurdistan, Northern Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Hijaz ... Modern encyclopedia
Selim I- Grozny (Yavuz) (Selim I Yavuz) (1467/68 or 1470 1520), Turkish sultan from 1512. During the wars of conquest he subjugated Eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Kurdistan, Northern Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Hijaz. ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary