Increased pressure inside the skull is a dangerous syndrome that leads to serious consequences. The name of this syndrome is intracranial hypertension (ICH). This term literally translates as increased stress or increased pressure. Moreover, the pressure is evenly distributed throughout the cranium, and not concentrated in a separate part of it, which is why it adversely affects the entire brain.
Causes of intracranial hypertension
This syndrome does not always have obvious causes, therefore, before treating it, the doctor must carefully examine his patient in order to understand what caused such disorders and what measures should be taken to eliminate them.
Hypertension of the brain can appear due to various reasons. It occurs due to the formation of a tumor or hematoma in the cranium, for example, due to a hemorrhagic stroke. In this case, hypertension is quite understandable. A tumor or hematoma has its own volume. Increasing, one or the other begins to put pressure on the surrounding tissues, which in this case are the tissues of the brain. And since the force of action is equal to the force of reaction, and the brain has nowhere to go, since it is limited by the cranium, then it, for its part, begins to resist and thereby causes an increase in intracranial pressure.
Hypertension also occurs as a result of hydrocephalus (dropsy of the brain), diseases such as encephalitis or meningitis, with violations of the water and electrolyte balance, any traumatic brain injury. In general, we can say that this syndrome appears as a result of those diseases that contribute to the development of cerebral edema.
Sometimes there is also intracranial hypertension in a child. The reason for this may be:
- Any birth defects.
- Unfavorable course of pregnancy or childbirth in the mother of the baby.
- Prolonged oxygen starvation.
- Prematurity.
- Intrauterine infections or neuroinfections.
In adults, this syndrome can also appear with diseases such as:
- Congestive heart failure.
- Chronic lung disease (obstructive).
- Problems with the outflow of blood through the jugular veins.
- Pericardial effusion.
Signs of intracranial hypertension
Increased pressure in the skull in each person manifests itself in different ways, so the signs of intracranial hypertension are too diverse. These include:
Some of these signs in themselves already indicate that the patient may have intracranial hypertension syndrome, while the rest can be observed in other diseases. However, if a person has noticed at least a few of the symptoms listed, he needs to see a doctor for a serious examination until complications of the disease appear.
Benign intracranial hypertension
Another type of intracranial hypertension is benign intracranial hypertension. It can hardly be attributed to a separate disease, it is rather a temporary condition caused by some of some unfavorable factors, the impact of which could provoke a similar reaction of the body. The condition of benign hypertension is reversible and is not as dangerous as the pathological syndrome of hypertension. In a benign form, the cause of increased pressure in the cranium cannot be the development of some kind of neoplasm or the appearance of a hematoma. That is, the compression of the brain is not due to the volume displaced by the foreign body.
What can cause this condition? The following factors are known:
- Pregnancy.
- Hypovitaminosis.
- Hyperparathyroidism.
- Stopping certain medications.
- Obesity.
- menstrual disorder,
- Vitamin A overdose and more.
This disease is associated with a violation of the outflow or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. In this case, there is liquor hypertension (cerebrospinal or cerebral fluid is called cerebrospinal fluid).
Patients with benign hypertension when visiting a doctor complain of headaches that become more intense with movement. Such pains may even be aggravated by coughing or sneezing. However, the main difference between benign hypertension is that a person does not show signs of depression of consciousness, in most cases it does not require special treatment and has no consequences.
As a rule, benign hypertension resolves on its own. If the symptoms of the disease do not go away, for a speedy recovery, the doctor usually prescribes diuretics to increase the outflow of fluid from the tissues. In more severe cases, hormonal treatment and even a lumbar puncture are prescribed.
If a person is overweight, and hypertension is a consequence of obesity, such a patient should be more attentive to his health and begin to fight obesity. A healthy lifestyle will help you get rid of benign hypertension and many other diseases.
What to do with intracranial hypertension?
Depending on what the causes of the syndrome are, these should be the methods of dealing with it. In any case, only a specialist should find out the reasons, and then take some action. The patient should not do this on his own. At best, he will achieve absolutely no results, at worst, his actions can only lead to complications. And in general, while he will try to somehow alleviate his suffering, the disease will cause irreversible consequences that even a doctor cannot eliminate.
What is the treatment for increased intracranial pressure? If it is benign hypertension, the neurologist prescribes diuretics. As a rule, this alone is enough to alleviate the patient's condition. However, this traditional treatment is not always acceptable to the patient and cannot always be performed by him. During working hours, you can’t “sit” on diuretics. Therefore, to reduce intracranial pressure, you can perform special exercises.
It also helps very well with intracranial hypertension, a special drinking regimen, a sparing diet, manual therapy, physiotherapy and acupuncture. In some cases, the patient manages even without medical treatment. Signs of the disease may disappear within the first week from the start of treatment.
A slightly different treatment is used for craniocerebral hypertension that has arisen on the basis of some other diseases. But before treating the consequences of these diseases, it is required to eliminate their cause. For example, if a person has developed a tumor that creates pressure in the skull, you must first rid the patient of this tumor, and then deal with the consequences of its development. If it is meningitis, then it makes no sense to treat with diuretics without simultaneously combating the inflammatory process.
There are also more severe cases. For example, a patient may have a blockage of cerebral fluid. This sometimes occurs after operations or is the result of a congenital defect. In this case, shunts (special tubes) are implanted in the patient, through which excess cerebral fluid is removed.
Complications of the disease
The brain is a very important organ. If it is in a compressed state, it simply loses its ability to function normally. The medulla itself can atrophy in this case, which entails a decrease in the intellectual abilities of a person, and then failures in the nervous regulation in the internal organs.
If at this time the patient does not seek help, squeezing the brain often leads to its displacement and even wedging into the openings of the skull, which very quickly leads to the death of a person. The brain, when squeezed and displaced, is able to wedge into the foramen magnum or into the notch of the cerebellum. In this case, the vital centers of the brain stem are pinched, and this ends in death. For example, death from respiratory arrest.
Wedging of the hook of the temporal lobe may also occur. In this case, the patient has an expansion of the pupil exactly on the side on which the wedging occurred, and the complete absence of his reaction to light. With an increase in pressure, the second pupil will also expand, breathing will be disturbed and coma will follow.
When wedging into the notch cutout, a stunned state is observed in the patient, severe drowsiness and yawning are also noticeable, deep breaths taken by him very often, constriction of the pupils, which can then expand. The patient has a noticeable violation of the rhythm of breathing.
Also, high intracranial pressure entails a rapid loss of vision, because with this disease, atrophy of the optic nerve occurs.
conclusions
Any signs of intracranial hypertension should prompt an immediate visit to a neurologist. If you start treatment, while the brain has not yet had time to be damaged by constant squeezing, the person will be completely cured and will no longer feel any signs of the disease. Moreover, if the cause is a tumor, it is better to find out about its existence as early as possible, before it grows too large and becomes an obstacle to the normal functioning of the brain.
You should also be aware that some other diseases can lead to increased intracranial pressure, so these diseases should be treated in time. Such diseases include atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and lung diseases.
A timely visit to the clinic will help to stop the disease at the very initial stage and will not provide an opportunity for its further development.
Video: increased intracranial pressure in children, Dr. Komarovsky
Video: intracranial pressure, expert opinion
Secondary arterial hypertension: what is it, prevention and treatment
Secondary arterial hypertension is not an independent disease. Pathology is caused by a violation of the functioning of internal organs and systems responsible for the regulation of blood pressure in the body.
It occurs in about 15-20% of all cases. The dominant symptom is a persistent increase in blood pressure, which is difficult to treat with medication. The second name is symptomatic hypertension.
Hypertensive renal syndrome develops in 5-10% of all diagnoses. Suspicions arise with a persistent increase in SD and DD, with malignant hypertension. This is especially true for patients under 30 years of age and after 50 years of age.
So, what is the pathogenesis, and what is the difference from primary hypertension? What are the risks of the disease, how is the drug treated?
Origin mechanism
The tone of the vascular walls and arteries is maintained by the state of smooth muscles in the human body. When a spasm occurs, they narrow, which leads to a decrease in the lumen and an increase in blood pressure.
The central nervous system and humoral factors - the hormone adrenaline, angiotensin, renin - are responsible for the regulation of tone. In addition, the mechanism of occurrence is based on cardiac output - the volume of fluid pushed out by the heart during contraction.
The larger the release, the more intense the disease. Symptomatic ailments can be the result of a rapid heartbeat - tachycardia.
A large volume of circulating fluid in the body that does not correspond to the parameters of the vascular bed can cause arterial lability.
Primary hypertension is caused by various etiological factors. Most often, it is not possible to establish the causes that provoked the pathological condition. Therefore, treatment is aimed at lowering blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension is caused by one cause, the detection of which will reduce the likelihood of complications and normalize blood parameters.
Occurs against the background of an independent disease - kidneys, endocrine disorders, etc.
Etiology and types
In accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10), arterial hypertension is a number of pathological conditions accompanied by an increase in blood pressure.
The nephrogenic type of hypertension develops due to pathologies of the kidneys of a congenital or acquired nature. In the early stages, blood pressure may remain within acceptable limits.
The growth of DM and DD is observed in severe forms of the disease. For example, pyelonephritis - infectious processes occurring in the renal pelvis or compression and deformation of the kidneys, urolithiasis, nephropathy in diabetes mellitus, etc.
The endocrine type of hypertension is caused by disruption of the endocrine system:
- thyrotoxicosis. An excessive amount of thyroxine is produced in the body, which leads to an increase in the upper value, while the renal indicator remains normal.
- Pheochromocytoma. Tumor formation of the adrenal glands. BP is constantly elevated or has a spasmodic nature.
- Conn's syndrome is characterized by an increase in the concentration of aldosterone, which prevents the excretion of sodium, leading to its excess.
- Itsenko-Cushing's disease, menopause (hormonal imbalance).
Neurogenic pathologies are caused by a violation of the central nervous system. These are injuries of the brain and spinal cord, ischemia, encephalopathy. In addition to high blood pressure, the patient complains of severe migraines, increased salivation, convulsive conditions, and rapid heart rate.
With hemodynamic secondary hypertension, the systolic index increases. As a rule, the diastolic figure remains normal or increases slightly. Causes - diseases of the heart and kidneys.
Symptomatic hypertension can develop due to prolonged use of drugs that affect hormonal regulation - glucocorticoids, birth control pills.
Flow classification and distinctive characteristics
In medical practice, hypertension is classified not only by degree and stage, but also by forms, depending on the course.
The transient form is characterized by a periodic increase in blood pressure (for several hours, days), normalizes independently for a short time. The easiest kind. With timely detection, the prognosis is favorable.
The labile type is accompanied by an increase in numbers on the tonometer after severe stress or physical activity. Differs in stability and firmness. Stabilization of DM and DD requires medical treatment after differential diagnosis.
stable look. BP is persistently high, difficult to conservative therapy. With the normalization of indicators, treatment is not canceled. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle, pathological changes in the ocular blood vessels are noted.
The malignant appearance appears to be the most dangerous form. High probability of negative consequences that pose a threat to health and life. SD and DD increase instantly, the lower value reaches 140 mmHg.
In medicine, there is such a thing as a “crisis course”. Blood counts are normal or slightly elevated, but hypertensive attacks are often observed.
If hypertension is easily detected by means of a tonometer, then determining its nature is an extremely difficult task. Clinical manifestations, allowing to suspect secondary hypertension:
- Rapid progression, sharp jumps in SD and DD.
- Stable numbers that cannot be reduced with drugs.
- The age of the patient is up to 30 years, or after 50.
- Rapid increase in diastolic index.
Only a doctor can distinguish between primary and secondary hypertension based on the results of diagnostic studies.
Diagnostics and therapy
The pathophysiology of this condition has been studied, however, a complex of differential diagnostics is required to establish the "source" of the disease. After questioning the patient and physical examination, standard diagnostic methods are prescribed.
These include blood glucose, cholesterol and creatinine levels. Determine the concentration of sodium and potassium in the body. A test according to Zimnitsky, an ECG and an examination of the fundus are recommended.
At the second stage, differential diagnosis is carried out. The doctor analyzes the symptoms, the course of the disease, the patient's medical history. If symptoms of secondary hypertension are present, studies are ordered to detect a suspected disorder.
When prescribing anti-inflammatory drugs, Aspenorm is not recommended, since there is a possibility of severe bleeding that threatens the life of the patient. Aspekard is prescribed in cases where a high risk of cardiovascular complications is detected.
Surgical intervention is performed in the following cases:
- Pathology of the vessels of the kidneys.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Coarctation of the aorta.
In the treatment of arterial hypertension, it is necessary to take into account the age group of the patient. In elderly people with prolonged and persistent blood pressure, indicators are gradually normalized. A sharp drop can disrupt cerebral and renal blood flow.
In some situations, it is advisable to use caffeine to tone blood vessels and stimulate nerve roots. Apply in the morning when SD and DD are the lowest.
Prevention of arterial hypertension
Primary prevention of hypertension is essential for everyone. The main recommendation is the fight against bad habits. In particular, you need to give up smoking and alcohol, reduce the consumption of salt, do exercise therapy.
It is important to follow the daily routine, sleep and rest a lot, prevent stressful situations - respond adequately. Control blood pressure and pulse, your weight, eat rationally.
The goals of secondary prevention are to lower blood counts, prevent the development of a hypertensive crisis, and prevent the development of complications from target organs. To do this, they recommend taking medications, physiotherapy, spa therapy.
In a severe form of the course, sympatholytics, ganglion blockers, sedative drugs, adrenergic receptor blockers are additionally prescribed.
Tertiary prevention involves taking vitamin and mineral preparations to make up for the deficiency of essential substances; alternative treatment - herbs, foods that reduce blood pressure.
Only a set of measures allows you to live a full life, reducing the likelihood of negative consequences. Measures are not temporary - they will have to be adhered to always.
The best modern remedy for hypertension and high blood pressure. 100% pressure control guarantee and excellent prevention!
ASK A QUESTION TO THE DOCTOR
how can I call you?:
Email (not published)
Question subject:
Recent questions for experts:
- Do droppers help with hypertension?
- Does Eleutherococcus raise or lower blood pressure if taken?
- Can fasting treat hypertension?
- What kind of pressure should be brought down in a person?
Hypertension and hypotension - what is it?
The cardiovascular system plays one of the key roles in ensuring the normal functioning of the human body and life in general. Pathologies of this vital system are in the first place among the causes of death of the population on the entire planet.
Tens of thousands of specialists deal with the problem of the most effective treatment of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels. One of the most common problems is considered to be a violation of blood pressure (BP) - its increase or decrease. It is about hypertension and hypotension, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment that will be discussed in this article.
Who are hypertensives and hypotensives
You should understand the issue and understand who hyper- and hypotension are. The etiology of these words is directly related to the underlying disease - the presence of high or low blood pressure. Statistics say that three out of four adults today can be found to have abnormal blood pressure levels.
A hypertensive patient has a persistent increase in the numbers obtained with tonometry, and a hypotensive patient, on the contrary, has a persistent decrease. The clinical picture in these cases is different, since the hypertensive patient has a headache, a sharp loss of ability to work, and visual impairment. With hypotension, the patient will complain of weakness, flickering "flies" before the eyes, inability to stand up and a squeezing headache.
It is possible to suggest what nature, most likely, a person has a violation of the level of blood pressure, according to the characteristic appearance of such patients. For example, people who overeat and prefer fatty foods, abuse alcohol, and tobacco products are more likely to suffer from hypertension. These patients are usually exposed to constant work stress resulting in headaches, weakness and tinnitus.
Hypotension can be seen at a great distance, usually very thin people with an asthenic physique. Such patients have cold extremities, long fingers and are prone to fainting. Often there is a condition in which it begins to darken in the eyes, dries up in the mouth, nausea appears. During sports, hypotensive patients may complain of weakness, the occurrence of a bursting headache. They also have a poor appetite, because of which all types of metabolism are disturbed, and for drug therapy, the dose should be selected individually.
Can a hypertensive person become hypotensive
According to pathophysiology, hypertension and hypotension are completely different, so it is extremely rare that one disease gradually flows into another. Usually such changes are associated with serious changes in the body.
Usually, after the transition of hypertension to hypotension, a person has the following pathologies:
- ulcerative defects of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum;
- bleeding tumors of the uterus;
- gynecological pathologies leading to permanent blood loss;
- disturbances in the work of the endocrine glands;
- craniocerebral damage;
- climacteric syndrome;
- drug overdose during the treatment of hypertension.
A more frequent occurrence is the transition of the patient from hypotension to elevated blood pressure. This is due to atherosclerotic processes in the blood vessels, which reduces their elasticity. Women more often after prolonged hypotension become hypertensive due to certain hormonal changes at the age of about fifty to sixty years.
Such changes in the work of the cardiovascular system have a very negative impact on the work of the heart muscle, kidneys and even on the state of the vessels of the brain. This is due to the fact that receptors and muscle fibers have been accustomed to work in a certain mode all their lives, and after an increase in blood pressure, the loads became unbearable - chronic heart or kidney failure often develops, and hemorrhagic strokes occur.
What are the causes of hypertension and hypotension
More often in the practice of a doctor there are hypertension than hypotension. There are actually a lot of reasons for this, such factors will lead to a chronic increase in blood pressure:
- the impact of stress;
- the presence of hormonal imbalance;
- pathologies associated with neurohumoral regulation;
- development of atherosclerotic lesions of arteries and arterioles;
- chronic intoxication with salts of heavy metals;
- excess body weight;
- abuse of alcohol and tobacco products;
- squeezing by the uterus of vascular structures in a pregnant woman;
- renal tissue damage.
The mechanism of hypotension is quite complex, it can occur as a result of conditions that lead to a decrease in the activity of the heart muscle, or as a result of influencing the decrease in the resistance of the wall of peripheral blood vessels.
The following conditions can lead to such changes:
- the presence of vegetovascular dystonia;
- diseases of the digestive tract;
- moving to other climatic zones;
- professional sports;
- allergic conditions;
- avitaminosis.
What is the danger of hypertension and hypotension
Any deviations from the norm should not necessarily be regarded as negative for the organism. Some people feel comfortable with certain numbers of high or low blood pressure, and vice versa, after “normalization” of this indicator, they complain.
Only in the event that a person previously had a pressure of 120/80, and then it gradually changed, and pathological manifestations appeared, one should engage in diagnosis and immediate treatment. Otherwise, certain complications may develop.
Hypertension in this regard is more dangerous, as it can cause such consequences:
- pulmonary edema or acute left ventricular failure;
- development of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke;
- myocardial infarction;
- damage to the vessels of the retina, followed by hemorrhage;
- deterioration in general well-being and the development of disability;
- development of renal failure due to the development of "hypertensive kidney".
Chronic hypotension significantly reduces the quality of life and interferes with daily tasks due to such manifestations:
- dizziness;
- nausea;
- "flies" before the eyes;
- periodic loss of consciousness;
- thrombotic lesions.
Conclusion
Both pathologies are harmful to health and occur not only in older people. Hypertension is more often observed in men of middle and older age, hypotonic conditions are more typical for girls. After identifying deviations in blood pressure from normal, you should contact a specialist for diagnostic measures and the selection of the most appropriate therapy.
Benign intracranial hypertension(DHD) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by elevated ICP without evidence of intracranial lesions, hydrocephalus, infection (eg, meningitis), or hypertensive encephalopathy. DHD is a diagnosis of exclusion.
Code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10:
- G93.2
- G97.2
Epidemiology. In men, it is observed 2-8 times more often, in children - equally often in both sexes. Obesity is observed in 11-90% of cases, more often in women. The frequency among obese women of childbearing age is 19/100,000. 37% of cases are registered in children, 90% of which are aged 5-15 years, very rarely younger than 2 years. The peak of the development of the disease is 20-30 years.
Symptoms (signs)
clinical picture. Symptoms.. Headache (94% of cases), more pronounced in the morning.. Dizziness (32%).. Nausea (32%).. Change in visual acuity (48%).. Diplopia, more common in adults, usually due to paresis abducens nerve (29%). Neurological disorders are usually limited to the visual system.. Optic disc edema (sometimes unilateral) (100%).. Abducens nerve involvement in 20% of cases.. Increased blind spot (66%) and concentric narrowing of the visual fields (blindness is rare).. Visual field defect (9%) .. The initial form may be accompanied only by an increase in the occipital-frontal circumference of the head, often resolves on its own and usually requires only observation without specific treatment .. Absence of consciousness disorders, despite high ICP. Concomitant pathology.. Appointment or cancellation of GCs.. Hyper-/hypovitaminosis A.. Use of other drugs: tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, isotretinoin.. Thrombosis of the sinus of the dura mater.. SLE.. Menstrual disorders.. Anemia (especially iron deficiency).
Diagnostics
diagnostic criteria. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is above 200 mm of water. . The composition of the cerebrospinal fluid: reduced protein content (less than 20 mg%). Symptoms and signs associated only with increased ICP: edema of the optic nerve head, headache, absence of focal symptoms (absence nerve paresis is an acceptable exception). MRI/CT - no pathology. Permissible exceptions: .. Slit-like form of the ventricles of the brain.. Enlargement of the ventricles of the brain.. Large accumulations of cerebrospinal fluid over the brain in the initial form of DHD.
Research methods. MRI/CT with and without contrast. Lumbar puncture: measurement of CSF pressure, analysis of CSF for at least protein content. KLA, electrolytes, PV. Tests to rule out sarcoidosis or SLE.
Differential diagnosis. CNS lesions: tumor, brain abscess, subdural hematoma. Infectious diseases: encephalitis, meningitis (especially basal or caused by granulomatous infections). Inflammatory diseases: sarcoidosis, SLE. Metabolic disorders: lead poisoning. Vascular pathology: occlusion (dural sinus thrombosis) or partial obstruction, Behçet's syndrome. Sheath carcinomatosis.
Treatment
TREATMENT
Lead tactics. Diets No. 10, 10a. Restriction of fluid and salt intake. Repeated thorough ophthalmological examination, including ophthalmoscopy and determination of visual fields with an assessment of the size of the blind spot. Follow-up for at least 2 years with follow-up MRI/CT to rule out a brain tumor. Cancellation of drugs that can cause DVG. Weight loss. Careful outpatient monitoring of patients with asymptomatic DHD with periodic evaluation of visual functions. Therapy is indicated only for unstable conditions.
Drug therapy- diuretics. Furosemide at an initial dose of 160 mg / day in adults; the dose is selected depending on the severity of symptoms and visual disturbances (but not on CSF pressure); with inefficiency, the dose can be increased to 320 mg / day. Acetazolamide 125-250 mg orally every 8-12 hours. If ineffective, dexamethasone 12 mg / day is additionally recommended, but the possibility of weight gain should be considered.
Surgical treatment carried out only in patients resistant to drug therapy or with imminent loss of vision. Repeated lumbar punctures until remission is achieved (25% - after the first lumbar puncture). Shunting.. Lumbar: lumboperitoneal or lumbopleural.. Other methods of shunting (especially in cases where arachnoiditis prevents access to the lumbar arachnoid space): ventriculoperitoneal shunting or shunting of a large cisterna.. Fenestration of the optic nerve sheath.
Current and forecast. In most cases, remission by 6-15 weeks (relapse rate - 9-43%). Visual disorders develop in 4-12% of patients. Vision loss is possible without prior headache and papilledema.
Synonym. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
ICD-10. G93.2 Benign intracranial hypertension G97.2 Intracranial hypertension after ventricular bypass
Application. Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome is caused by an increase in CSF pressure in patients with hydrocephalus of various origins. It is manifested by headache, vomiting (often in the morning hours), dizziness, meningeal symptoms, stupor, and congestion in the fundus. On craniograms, deepening of digital impressions, expansion of the entrance to the "Turkish saddle", and an increase in the pattern of diploic veins are found.
Hypertension Syndrome - dangerous disease, which can manifest itself in children regardless of their gender and age.
If the disease occurs in a newborn child, we are talking about a congenital form, in older children - hypertension syndrome is acquired.
This pathology is considered a symptom of dangerous diseases, so a child who has been diagnosed with this ailment should be under constant medical supervision.
However, this diagnosis is often erroneous, in particular, sometimes hypertension syndrome is diagnosed in children with too big head, although these facts are not related to each other.
It can also increase during moments of intense crying or excessive physical exertion. This is considered a variant of the norm, in this case we are not talking about pathology.
General information
The cranium has a constant volume, however contents may vary.
And if any formations (benign or malignant) appear in the brain area, excess fluid accumulates, appear, intracranial pressure rises. This phenomenon is called hypertensive syndrome.
The disease can develop rapidly, or have a sluggish character. The first option involves a rapid increase in symptoms, as a result of this condition, the substance of the brain is destroyed, the child may fall into a coma.
With a sluggish form of the disease, the pressure inside the skull increases gradually, this delivers to the child significant discomfort, permanent significantly worsen the quality of life of a small patient.
ICD code 10 - G93.
Causes
Hypertension syndrome may occur in children of different ages. Depending on age, the causes of the disease are also different.
|
In newborns |
In children and adolescents Clinical picture hypertension syndrome in newborns and older children may be different, however, the signs of the disease are always pronounced.
Possible Complications
The brain is a very sensitive organ, any changes lead to disruption of its functioning. With hypertension syndrome, the brain is in a compressed state, which leads to very unfavorable consequences, in particular, to atrophy of the tissues of the organ. As a result reduced intellectual development child, the process of nervous regulation of the activity of internal organs is disrupted, which, in turn, leads to the loss of their functionality. In an advanced case, when squeezing large brain stems, a coma and death may occur. DiagnosticsTo detect pathology, it is not enough just a visual examination and questioning of the patient, so the child must undergo a detailed examination, including:
Methods of treatment
The treatment of the disease may be conservative(using drugs), or surgical. The second option is prescribed only as a last resort, with a severe course of the disease, when there is a risk of developing serious complications, or with the ineffectiveness of drug treatment. conservativeIn addition to taking medication prescribed by the doctor, the child should follow a special diet and lifestyle. In particular, it is necessary to reduce fluid intake as much as possible (while avoiding dehydration of the body), as well as to exclude foods that contribute to fluid retention in the body (for example, salty, smoked, pickled foods, strong tea and coffee). Contraindicated excessive physical activity. As an additional treatment, massage, acupuncture are prescribed, which help relieve pain. It is necessary to take medications, such as:  SurgeryIn some cases, when the disease is severe and there is risk of complications The child needs surgery. This method of treatment is necessary if the cause of the development of the disease is tumor formation. In this case, the child undergoes a trepanation of the skull, followed by removal of the tumor or foreign body. At accumulation of excess fluid perform a puncture of the brain, or create artificial holes in the vertebrae through which the liquor is excreted. Forecast
As a rule, the disease has a favorable prognosis and the child can be cured, however, the sooner therapy is prescribed, the better. It is known that the disease is easier to treat in young children (in infants), therefore, upon detection of the first alarm signals, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor. Prevention measuresTake care of the prevention of such a dangerous disease as hypertension syndrome, necessary at the stage of pregnancy planning. In particular, the expectant mother must undergo an examination, identify and cure all her chronic diseases. During the period of bearing a child, a woman must take care of her health, protect herself from viruses and infections, follow all the instructions of the doctor who observes the pregnancy. Hypertension syndrome is a pathology associated with increased intracranial pressure.
This ailment is very dangerous for children's health, arises due to a variety of reasons and can lead to the development of dangerous consequences, up to the death of the child. Pathology has a characteristic clinical picture, a set of pronounced signs, having discovered which, it is urgent to show the child to the doctor. Treatment should be started as early as possible, since the timeliness of therapy depends on the prognosis for recovery. About hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome in infants in this video:
We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Sign up to see a doctor! |
Secondary arterial hypertension is not an independent disease. Pathology is caused by a violation of the functioning of internal organs and systems responsible for the regulation of blood pressure in the body.
It occurs in about 15-20% of all cases. The dominant symptom is a persistent increase in blood pressure, which is difficult to treat with medication. The second name is symptomatic hypertension.
Hypertensive renal syndrome develops in 5-10% of all diagnoses. Suspicions arise with a persistent increase in SD and DD, with malignant hypertension. This is especially true for patients under 30 years of age and after 50 years of age.
So, what is the pathogenesis, and what is the difference from primary hypertension? What are the risks of the disease, how is the drug treated?
Origin mechanism
The tone of the vascular walls and arteries is maintained by the state of smooth muscles in the human body. When a spasm occurs, they narrow, which leads to a decrease in the lumen and an increase in blood pressure.
The central nervous system and humoral factors - the hormone adrenaline, angiotensin, renin - are responsible for the regulation of tone. In addition, the mechanism of occurrence is based on cardiac output - the volume of fluid pushed out by the heart during contraction.
The larger the release, the more intense the disease. Symptomatic ailments can be the result of a rapid heartbeat - tachycardia.
A large volume of circulating fluid in the body that does not correspond to the parameters of the vascular bed can cause arterial lability.
Primary hypertension is caused by various etiological factors. Most often, it is not possible to establish the causes that provoked the pathological condition. Therefore, treatment is aimed at lowering blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension is caused by one cause, the detection of which will reduce the likelihood of complications and normalize blood parameters.
Occurs against the background of an independent disease - kidneys, endocrine disorders, etc.
Etiology and types
In accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10), arterial hypertension is a number of pathological conditions accompanied by an increase in blood pressure.
The nephrogenic type of hypertension develops due to pathologies of the kidneys of a congenital or acquired nature. In the early stages, blood pressure may remain within acceptable limits.
The growth of DM and DD is observed in severe forms of the disease. For example, pyelonephritis - infectious processes occurring in the renal pelvis or compression and deformation of the kidneys, urolithiasis, nephropathy in diabetes mellitus, etc.
The endocrine type of hypertension is caused by disruption of the endocrine system:
- thyrotoxicosis. An excessive amount of thyroxine is produced in the body, which leads to an increase in the upper value, while the renal indicator remains normal.
- Pheochromocytoma. Tumor formation of the adrenal glands. BP is constantly elevated or has a spasmodic nature.
- Conn's syndrome is characterized by an increase in the concentration of aldosterone, which prevents the excretion of sodium, leading to its excess.
- Itsenko-Cushing's disease, menopause (hormonal imbalance).
Neurogenic pathologies are caused by a violation of the central nervous system. These are injuries of the brain and spinal cord, ischemia, encephalopathy. In addition to high blood pressure, the patient complains of severe migraines, increased salivation, convulsive conditions, and rapid heart rate.
With hemodynamic secondary hypertension, the systolic index increases. As a rule, the diastolic figure remains normal or increases slightly. Causes - diseases of the heart and kidneys.
Symptomatic hypertension can develop due to prolonged use of drugs that affect hormonal regulation - glucocorticoids, birth control pills.
Flow classification and distinctive characteristics
In medical practice, hypertension is classified not only by degree and stage, but also by forms, depending on the course.
The transient form is characterized by a periodic increase in blood pressure (for several hours, days), normalizes independently for a short time. The easiest kind. With timely detection, the prognosis is favorable.
The labile type is accompanied by an increase in numbers on the tonometer after severe stress or physical activity. Differs in stability and firmness. Stabilization of DM and DD requires medical treatment after differential diagnosis.
stable look. BP is persistently high, difficult to conservative therapy. With the normalization of indicators, treatment is not canceled. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle, pathological changes in the ocular blood vessels are noted.
The malignant appearance appears to be the most dangerous form. High probability of negative consequences that pose a threat to health and life. SD and DD increase instantly, the lower value reaches 140 mmHg.
In medicine, there is such a thing as a “crisis course”. Blood counts are normal or slightly elevated, but hypertensive attacks are often observed.
If hypertension is easily detected by means of a tonometer, then determining its nature is an extremely difficult task. Clinical manifestations, allowing to suspect secondary hypertension:
- Rapid progression, sharp jumps in SD and DD.
- Stable numbers that cannot be reduced with drugs.
- The age of the patient is up to 30 years, or after 50.
- Rapid increase in diastolic index.
Only a doctor can distinguish between primary and secondary hypertension based on the results of diagnostic studies.
Diagnostics and therapy
The pathophysiology of this condition has been studied, however, a complex of differential diagnostics is required to establish the "source" of the disease. After questioning the patient and physical examination, standard diagnostic methods are prescribed.
These include blood glucose, cholesterol and creatinine levels. Determine the concentration of sodium and potassium in the body. A test according to Zimnitsky, an ECG and an examination of the fundus are recommended.
At the second stage, differential diagnosis is carried out. The doctor analyzes the symptoms, the course of the disease, the patient's medical history. If symptoms of secondary hypertension are present, studies are ordered to detect a suspected disorder.
When prescribing anti-inflammatory drugs, Aspenorm is not recommended, since there is a possibility of severe bleeding that threatens the life of the patient. Aspekard is prescribed in cases where a high risk of cardiovascular complications is detected.
Surgical intervention is performed in the following cases:
- Pathology of the vessels of the kidneys.
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Coarctation of the aorta.
In the treatment of arterial hypertension, it is necessary to take into account the age group of the patient. In elderly people with prolonged and persistent blood pressure, indicators are gradually normalized. A sharp drop can disrupt cerebral and renal blood flow.
In some situations, it is advisable to use caffeine to tone blood vessels and stimulate nerve roots. Apply in the morning when SD and DD are the lowest.
Prevention of arterial hypertension
Primary prevention of hypertension is essential for everyone. The main recommendation is the fight against bad habits. In particular, you need to give up smoking and alcohol, reduce the consumption of salt, do exercise therapy.
It is important to follow the daily routine, sleep and rest a lot, prevent stressful situations - respond adequately. Control blood pressure and pulse, your weight, eat rationally.
The goals of secondary prevention are to lower blood counts, prevent the development of a hypertensive crisis, and prevent the development of complications from target organs. To do this, they recommend taking medications, physiotherapy, spa therapy.
In a severe form of the course, sympatholytics, ganglion blockers, sedative drugs, adrenergic receptor blockers are additionally prescribed.
Tertiary prevention involves taking vitamin and mineral preparations to make up for the deficiency of essential substances; alternative treatment - herbs, foods that reduce blood pressure.
Only a set of measures allows you to live a full life, reducing the likelihood of negative consequences. Measures are not temporary - they will have to be adhered to always.
The best modern remedy for hypertension and high blood pressure. 100% pressure control guarantee and excellent prevention!
ASK A QUESTION TO THE DOCTOR
how can I call you?:
Email (not published)
Question subject:
Recent questions for experts:
- Do droppers help with hypertension?
- Does Eleutherococcus raise or lower blood pressure if taken?
- Can fasting treat hypertension?
- What kind of pressure should be brought down in a person?
Neurocirculatory dystonia: causes, signs, types, treatment
Obviously, the essence of the numerous names of the syndrome of neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) is the same - impaired autonomic regulation of primary organs reduces the quality of life, starting from childhood or adolescence, therefore NCD is considered a "youth" disease.
Most often, neurocirculatory dystonia (vegetative-vascular dystonia, vegetative-vascular dysfunction, autonomic dystonia syndrome) begins in the pubertal period, when secondary sexual characteristics are just about to be determined, and hormones begin to be active in connection with the upcoming restructuring.
The disease, as a rule, is associated with certain causes, which gave impetus to a persistent violation that remains for life and makes a person "neither sick nor healthy."
Why does this happen?
The autonomic nervous system permeates the entire human body and is responsible for innervation of the internal organs and systems of lymph and blood circulation, digestion, respiration, excretion, hormonal regulation, as well as tissues of the brain and spinal cord. In addition, the autonomic nervous system maintains the constancy of the internal environment and ensures the adaptation of the body to external conditions.
The work of all systems is ensured by the balanced behavior of its two departments: sympathetic and parasympathetic. With the predominance of the function of one department over another, there is a change in the work of individual systems and organs. The adaptive abilities of the body with such a phenomenon, of course, are reduced.
Interestingly, damage to some organs and malfunction of the endocrine system can themselves lead to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system. Neurocirculatory dystonia is the result of an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, so the form of NCD depends on the predominance of a particular part of the ANS (sympathetic or parasympathetic).
Lead to disease
The question of why someone is sick and someone is not is inherent in NDC as well as in other diseases. In the etiology of neurocirculatory dystonia, the main factors can be distinguished:
The combination of several or all factors together leads to the body's response to stimuli. This reaction is due to the formation of pathological conditions, which are manifested by violations:
- metabolic processes;
- Innervation of internal organs;
- Work of the gastrointestinal tract;
- In the blood coagulation system;
- Activities of the endocrine system.
The course of the mother's pregnancy, hypoxia and birth trauma also have a negative impact on the state of the autonomic system and can cause neurocirculatory dystonia in children.
The inconsistency of the work of the systems ultimately leads to a response of the vessels - their spasm. Thus, the manifestation of neurocirculatory dystonia begins.
Video: neurocirculatory dystonia - Dr. Komarovsky
Types of NDC
Each neurocirculatory dystonia proceeds differently. The essence of these phenomena lies in the predominance of a certain department of the autonomic nervous system and in the formation of the type of NCD. For one, the heart hurts or “jumps out”, for the other, the head is spinning, as soon as the ambient temperature changes by a degree or two. And, if God forbid, excitement, stress or a sudden change in the weather - there is generally an uncontrollable reaction. The symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia are bright and varied, but the sensations are always unpleasant.
You can feel anything. Dizziness, fainting, accompanied by nausea or an unpleasant "lump" in the stomach. The feeling is that sometimes you want to lose consciousness in order to get relief later. Often, fainting for some people is a salvation, because after it comes a pleasant languor and relaxation ...
Treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia is long, due to the undulating course of the process, and is aimed at preventing relapse. In addition, the complex of medications directly depends on the type of NCD and changes in the cardiovascular system.
Types of neurocirculatory dystonia are divided depending on blood pressure indicators:
- Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type - blood pressure tends to increase, regardless of age and circumstances;
- Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type - lethargy, weakness, decreased pressure and pulse;
- Neurocirculatory dystonia of a mixed type, it’s hard to keep track of how and when everything will turn around. The worst thing is that the patient does not know in advance and with a shudder is waiting for either an increase or a decrease in pressure.
Hypertensive type NCD
Neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type is characterized by an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, expressed by the predominance of the tone of the sympathetic system over the parasympathetic division (sympathicotonia) and is expressed:
- Increased blood pressure;
- Headaches that depend on physical activity and intensify with it;
- dizziness;
- Dependence on weather conditions (headaches, rise in blood pressure);
- Rapid heartbeat, sometimes intermittent;
- Mitral valve prolapse on ultrasound of the heart;
- Violation of thermoregulation - high body temperature in children with infectious diseases;
- Changes in the gastrointestinal tract in the form of weak peristalsis, and hence a tendency to constipation;
- Lack of function of the lacrimal glands ("dry tear");
- Mood changes (longing and melancholy);
- Rapid fatigue.
Hypotonic type of NCD
With the predominance of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (vagotonia), neurocirculatory dystonia develops according to the hypotonic type, the main features of which are:
- Decreased blood pressure;
- A slow pulse (bradycardia) that can quickly increase (tachycardia)
- Pain in the heart (cardialgia);
- dizziness;
- Frequent fainting, especially characteristic in the presence of neurocirculatory dystonia in children (mainly girls) in the puberty period;
- Headaches associated with weather conditions, physical and mental stress;
- Increased fatigue and low performance;
- Dyskinesia of the biliary tract, which is associated with uneven and chaotic contraction of the gallbladder;
- Digestive disorders (tendency to diarrhea and flatulence);
- Violation of thermoregulation: a decrease in body temperature and prolonged subfebrile condition with infections in children;
- Complaints about "shortness of breath" and "sighs";
- Tendency to allergic reactions;
- Pallor of the skin (marbling), cyanosis of the extremities;
- Cold sweat.
Mixed type of NDC - when there is no agreement between departments
Uncoordinated work of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions leads to dysfunction of systems and organs. If the pressure “jumps”, if the complexion suddenly turns red or pale in a matter of minutes, if the body reacts unpredictably even to minor events, then a mixed type of neurocirculatory dysfunction can be suspected.
Signs of neurocirculatory dystonia of a mixed type include symptoms characteristic of both hypotonic and hypertonic types. What part of the autonomic nervous system, at what point will prevail, such signs will be inherent in the patient's condition.
Video: how does NCD manifest itself?
Crises of neurocirculatory dystonia
Neurocirculatory dystonia, which arose in childhood, over time can “enrich” with symptoms and in young people give more vivid vegetative manifestations in the form of crises. Attacks in neurocirculatory dystonia also depend on its type, although they often do not have a clear picture of belonging, but are of a mixed nature. High activity of the parasympathetic division of the ANS can give a vagoinsular crisis, which is characterized by the following symptoms:
- sweating and nausea;
- Sudden weakness and darkening of the eyes;
- Decreased blood pressure and body temperature;
- Slow heart rate.
After a vagoinsular crisis, the patient still feels weak and weak for several days, periodically dizzy.
When the sympathetic department takes the “primacy”, another kind of neurocirculatory dysfunction develops. Neurocirculatory dystonia with sympathoadrenal crises makes itself felt by the sudden appearance of causeless fear, to which are quickly added:
- Intense headache;
- Heartache;
- Increased blood pressure and body temperature;
- The appearance of chills;
- Redness of the skin or the acquisition of pallor.
Video: how to deal with exacerbations of NCD?
Autonomic dysfunction and pregnancy
Although pregnancy is a physiological state, it is then that neurocirculatory dystonia can manifest itself, which proceeds latently (hidden), because during pregnancy the body is rebuilt and prepares for the birth of a new life. The hormonal background, the regulator of all pregnancy processes, undergoes significant changes. The internal organs "stack" in a different way, making room for the ever-increasing uterus. And all this is under the control of the autonomic nervous system, which did not always cope even without such a load, but here ...
Women suffering from NCD may find out about their pregnancy even before the test, because fainting may be the first sign. Neurocirculatory dysfunction during pregnancy has a more pronounced clinical picture, so pregnancy is more difficult.
The reaction to everything that is “wrong”, tears for every reason, pain in the heart and tantrums, a decrease in blood pressure, and it’s better not to go into transport ... Pregnant women often experience a feeling of lack of air and stuffiness, and those with neurocirculatory dysfunction even know “the smell of fresh whiffs."
But it may not be so bad and you should not be upset. Many cases of disappearance of manifestations of NCD after childbirth have been noted. What is the reason for this - either "putting things in order" in the woman's body, or a responsible occupation associated with caring for the baby - is unknown. But patients themselves often note that if they are distracted by important matters, then the vegetative-vascular complex recedes.
Disease or Syndrome?
Talking about vegetative-vascular disorders, about how to call them after all, scientific minds have not decided. Vegetative-vascular dystonia is considered a more correct name, as it expresses the pathogenesis of the disease. The most recent trend in the definition of this condition was the syndrome of vegetative dystonia, which from this did not become an independent unit in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
The ICD 10 code for neurocirculatory dystonia is F45.3, where the letter F indicates a psychogenic origin, which, in general, is the case. According to the same classification, NCD is recognized not as a disease, but as a symptom complex resulting from inadequate behavior of the autonomic nervous system (inconsistent and non-equilibrium interaction of two sections of the ANS: sympathetic and parasympathetic). It is unlikely that people who are well acquainted with this complex of symptoms will “feel better” from this, but today it is so.
Many questions are raised by vegetative-vascular dysfunction when it is time to repay the debt to the Motherland. How are neurocirculatory dystonia and military service compatible? As the manifestations are varied, so should be the approach.
Preparing for Military Duty: NDC and the Army
Of course, some are so eager to join the ranks of the defenders of the Fatherland that they forget about the disease. Or are they hiding? Others, on the contrary, having an entry in the NDC card since childhood, are trying to save themselves from military duties. In this regard, the commission's approach should be objective and diversified. On the one hand, seeing a conscript for the first time, who does not make any complaints and “rushes into battle”, who is given out only low or high (below 100/60 or above 160/100) pressure and obvious autonomic disorders on the “face”, in breathing and heart rhythms, you can satisfy his desire. However, a qualified commission should find out for the first time, periodically or permanently. The same is the case with those who make a lot of complaints, and only meager entries in the children's card speak of illness. Of course, there is an average: the clinic is evident and complaints indicating the presence of autonomic disorders. In all cases, the task of the commission is to find out:
- Are the complaints persistent;
- Whether persistently increased or decreased blood pressure;
- Are there cardialgia and cardiac arrhythmias;
- To what extent NDC symptoms affect the work capacity of the conscript.
Allied specialists (neurologist, cardiologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist, otolaryngologist) are necessarily involved in studying the state of health of a young person.
In addition, when deciding on the suitability for military service in the case of neurocirculatory dystonia, differential diagnostics with other diseases are carried out to clarify the diagnosis and exclude diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heart and lungs, which may be similar to NCD in symptoms.
To whom does "Farewell of the Slav" sound?
For an objective approach to resolving the issue, the conscript is sent to a hospital for examination, after which he may be recognized as temporarily unfit under Article 48. In this case, the young man is subject to treatment for neurocirculatory dystonia, but if it turns out to be ineffective, and the symptoms indicate persistent disorders of the autonomic innervation, then the conscript is not subject to military service and receives a military ID with a mark of unsuitability under Art. 47 "a".
Similarly, the commission treats those young men who clearly have persistent vegetative-vascular disorders with an increase or decrease in pressure, there are clear signs of heart rhythm disturbance, and pain in the heart is permanent.
Well, and the one who had the only record of the disease of the autonomic nervous system, but did not confirm it, should go with honor to serve the Motherland and Fatherland. The ancient, but still unchanged and inimitable, march of Vasily Ivanovich Agapkin with its solemnity will make his mother and beloved girl cry ... Nothing terrible - a little time will pass and a healthy, mature and self-confident yesterday's conscript will return home, completely forgetting about the disease.
And yet, what to do with it?
You can talk about neurocirculatory dystonia for a long time and a lot, since there are numerous names for this pathology, and this diversity allows. But those who have such “happiness” are looking for ways to escape from this symptom complex, which pretty much poisons life and manifests itself in the most unforeseen situations. In general, a significant part of humanity is occupied with the question of how to treat neurocirculatory dystonia, which has a dozen more names. After all, changing the name will not affect the well-being of the patient.
Oddly enough, vegetative-vascular dysfunction does not like physical inactivity. And despite the fact that the manifestations of the disease are especially noticeable after physical activity, physical education not only does not harm the patient, but is also indicated. True, we should talk about purposeful, physiotherapy exercises, dosed and deliberate.
Mandatory observance of the regime of work and rest is also an integral part of the treatment process. Of course, night shift work, lack of sleep, long pastime near the monitor are unlikely to help you feel light in your head and body. But fresh air, calm evening walks, a warm bath with soothing herbs, on the contrary, will provide a good healthy sleep and improve your mood.
Patients should pay special attention to the psycho-emotional state. Avoid stressful situations, engage in auto-training, take soothing tea and do everything possible to create a calm, friendly atmosphere at home and in a team for yourself and others.
No matter how trite it may sound, but here a significant role belongs to the diet. Neurocirculatory dystonia "does not like" neither spices, nor spicy dishes, nor alcohol. Anything that excites the nervous system can aggravate the course of the process, so it is better to avoid excesses and not be loaded. But potassium-rich foods (eggplants, potatoes, bananas, prunes and apricots) will “like” the “capricious” nervous system.
Treatment prescribed by a doctor
Drug treatment for neurocirculatory disorders is highly desirable to be carried out with general health measures and physiotherapy. Therapeutic massage, electrophoresis with sedatives on the collar zone, electrosleep and circular shower will help strengthen the nervous system and give positive emotions that patients with neurocirculatory dystonia so need.
And what a wonderful procedure - acupuncture. Using it, you can for a long time to refuse medicines and feel great only thanks to the annual repetition of acupuncture. Put in neuromuscular bundles, thin gold or platinum needles will lead to a long and stable remission, and the disease will recede ...
Vitamin therapy and an antioxidant complex (Dr. Theiss, gerovital, etc.) will be an excellent addition to general strengthening measures.
Medicines for the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia are taken on the recommendation of a doctor and are prescribed by him. No advice from friends and the Internet is inappropriate here, since drug treatment is prescribed taking into account blood pressure, the presence of cardialgia and the state of the heart rhythm. It is clear that it will help a patient with high blood pressure, but it can have a detrimental effect on the condition of a person with low blood pressure, so it is unlikely that Egilok (beta-blocker) will be indicated for the hypotonic type. Drugs that regulate the heart rhythm are serious and require special care, so "amateur" in such cases is useless.
Often, patients with autonomic disorders are prescribed drugs from the group of tranquilizers - adaptol, afobazole, grandaxin. The herbal preparation gelarium, which has antidepressant properties, has a remarkable effect. To relieve spasms, bellataminal is often prescribed, which also gives a sedative effect.
Hawthorn, valerian, motherwort - alcohol infusions of these plants are very familiar to patients with neurocirculatory dystonia, they are constantly stored in the home first aid kit and perform the function of an "ambulance".
Video: expert opinion on NDC
How can traditional medicine help?
The variety of recipes for the treatment of folk remedies for neurocirculatory dystonia is even more striking than the variety of clinical manifestations. Contrasting souls, breathing exercises of Tibetan monks and the Austrian healer Rudolf Breuss are undoubtedly wonderful, but for some reason people prefer Russian "creation" more. A popular drink from the church "Cahors" and a mixture of juices of garlic, lemon, beets, carrots and radishes, flavored with natural honey, is passed "from mouth to mouth and from generation to generation."
However, for the treatment of NDC folk remedies, one should not forget about pressure, so folk healers also recommend different treatments. For example, with increased blood pressure, people use infusions of mint leaves and white birch, calendula flowers and dill seeds. Alcoholic infusions of magnolia and white mistletoe well reduce pressure.
Strong tea and coffee are not recommended for the hypertensive type of NCD, but in the morning you can drink amazing tea prepared at home:
- Dry berries of blueberries, chokeberries, currants and barberries are taken in equal parts, ground, mixed and consumed, filled with boiling water.
With normal blood pressure and a downward trend, prepare infusions of elecampane, immortelle, drink freshly squeezed juices of carrots and rose hips. They say it helps a lot.
Of course, valerian root (you can take it orally, you can do baths), hawthorn, hot milk with honey at night - everyone knows. Such folk remedies are, perhaps, in every home, even where there are no neurocirculatory disorders.
How is the diagnosis established?
The syndrome of vegetative dystonia is not based only on the patient's complaints. Before the doctor makes a diagnosis, the patient must pass tests and undergo instrumental examinations, so the main stages "on the way" to the NDC will be:
- General blood and urine tests, which do not deviate from the norm in this disease;
- BP profile within 10-14 days to determine the type of NCD;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and heart to exclude independent diseases of these organs;
- Rheoencephalography;
- ECG, FCG, echocardiography;
- Consultations of an endocrinologist, otolaryngologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist.
In addition, often to determine the cause, there is a need for a detailed study of the function of the kidneys, adrenal glands, hypothalamus and thyroid gland.