Plants in symbiosis provide fungi. How to grow a good harvest of legumes. What is symbiosis in nature

Fungi are actively involved in the exchange of information between trees, plants and other living organisms. What role does it play in the evolution of our consciousness? From this moment on, the range of possibilities expands to infinity. But, unlike genetic barriers, they can be overcome - conversions are always possible in both directions - or exceeded through dialogue and exchange. This human potential literally exploded before our eyes with an invasion modern means communications. The Internet has changed the face of the world. A new adventure begins for humanity in which everyone can expect the best, even if no one ignores the least good in the excesses of all kinds that generate emergent and invasive technology.

Will the global village dear to McLuhan give meaning to Teilhard de Chardin's beautiful intuition that saw human monads communicating and converging on the "Omega Point" symbolizing a united and reconciled humanity? To enrich oneself spiritually through meetings, to love to share materially and morally, to place another at the heart of one’s life: this is a field of possibilities that opens up to a person who appears in consciousness. And precisely with regard to the emergence of consciousness, mushrooms and other plants play with psychoactive virtues important role in the evolution of the human epic.

Perhaps even overestimated in some analyses, it is too much ignored or denied in many cases. Wade Davis, Canadian ethnobotanist and author of many wonderful works on different cultures of people, puts into perspective in his books the connections between the knowledge of nature, plants and especially mushrooms in shamans and our most advanced scientific knowledge. Communication of shamans through “direct observation” with environment gives them knowledge of the therapeutic or nutritional benefits of plants that require discovery and confirmation through lengthy and delicate laboratory experiments.

This is where a dialogue between these two completely complementary approaches to knowledge comes into play. Another reference to this topic seems to me to be Terence McKenna's book Food of the Gods. Rethinking the role of hallucinogenic plants and fungi in promoting human development from the lower levels of primitive organization can help us lay the foundation for a new appreciation of the unique convergence of responsible and necessary factors. for the evolution of people. In short, Terence McKenna sees the use of fungi as a catalyst that will allow our species to evolve fast enough to avoid self-destruction.

Analysis is discussed, but it would be a pity to neglect it, like all other analyzes that allowed the heart to guide a strong analytical mind. To weave bonds, new gatherings, to expand our sense of separation by multiplying the bonds being released.

In its paroxysmal manifestations, shamanism is not just a religion, but a dynamic connection with the living totality of the planet. Assuming that hallucinogens act in the natural environment as molecular messengers or exopherons, we can conclude that the connection between primates and plants is the transfer of information from one species to another. The domestication of animals by hominids was beneficial for fungi because it expanded their ecological niche. In the absence of hallucinogenic plants, cultural development of society, when it occurs, proceeds very slowly.

On the other hand, we have found that in the presence of hallucinogens, a given culture gains access to information, sensory resources and constantly changing patterns of behavior that constantly push it to more high levels self-analysis. Shamans represent the vanguard of this procession of this creative progression.

What was the impact of these methods of intrusion into the natural order of hominids speaking, thinking and yet being imposed? Prolonged and repeated exposure to psychedelic experience and the destruction of the Other Absolute into ordinary reality, through the ritual of hallucinatory ecstasy, constantly destroyed the part of the human psyche that is now called the ego. Whatever the place at the time of its appearance, the ego acted as a continuous tumor or obstacle in the flow of psychic energy. The use of psychedelic plants in the context of shamanic initiation has caused and continues to cause dissolution complex structure ego into an undifferentiated set of feelings that Eastern philosophy calls Tao.

The dissolution of the single individuality in the Tao is the ultimate goal of much Eastern thought; this dissolution has traditionally been recognized as key to health and psychological balance, both collective and individual. To measure the magnitude of the dilemma modern man, we must be able to evaluate for us as humans the meaning of the loss of Tao: the collective severance of our connection with the Earth. We Westerners have inherited a completely different understanding of the world. The disconnection of Tao significantly distinguished the psychological development of Western civilization from psychological development eastern civilization.

In the West, civilization has continually focused on the ego and the God of the ego: the monotheistic ideal. Monotheism is a clear example projections onto the divine ideal of an essentially pathological personality: a male ego personality, paranoid, possessive and obsessed with power. Not the kind of people we would want to invite home. It is also interesting to note that the god as conceived by the West has the unique characteristic of not having a relationship with a woman in all of his theological mythology. In ancient Babylon, Anu was paired with her friend Inanna; Greek religion assigned Zeus a wife and girls, as well as many female conquests.

These divine couples were fine; only the god of the West has neither mother, nor sister, nor companion, nor daughter. Hinduism and Buddhism have preserved the memory of these traditional ecstatic methods by using the "herbs of light", as evidenced by the yogic sutras of Patanjali. Moreover, the rituals of these great religions give great importance expression and valorization of the feminine. Unfortunately, the Western tradition has suffered for so long from a socio-symbiotic break with the feminine and secrecy organic life, but still available for shamanic use of hallucinogenic plants.

Modern Western religion consists of a series of social models, each based on a particular anxiety, oriented towards a very specific moral structure and a very specific concept of duty. Modern religious experience is rarely an act of distancing from the ego.

The generalized triumph of Western values ​​condemned human species to wander around in a state of prolonged neurosis generated by his disconnection from the unconscious. Accessing the unconscious through plant hallucinogens restores our original connection to the living planet. This distance from nature and the unconscious took root about two thousand years ago, when humanity passed from the age of God's Great Pan to the level of Pisces with the suppression of pagan mysteries and the emergence of Christianity. The result was a psychological shift that plunged Europeans into wonder at two millennia of manic religion, persecution, war, materialism and rationalism.

The tendency of the psyche to create an autonomous whole is to a certain extent instinctive, but it can nevertheless become pathological if it prevents any dissolution of boundaries and any rediscovery of the foundations of being. Monotheism was the bearer of a master model, an Apollonian model of the self, solar and global in its masculine expression. In this pathological configuration, by its uniqueness, the value and power of emotions and the natural world are devalued and replaced by a narcissistic fascination with the abstract and metaphysical.

This psychological position turned out to be mutual: it gave science its explanatory power, but also its potential for moral degeneration. While the plant feeds the fungi with carbon compounds, which it produces through photosynthesis and photosynthesis. Definition: Absent in the mushroom, this in turn contributes to the supply of water and mineral elements plants.

Arbuscular endomycorrhizae are the most common in annual plants. These fungi have microscopic hyphae with a diameter one hundred times thinner than those of the root, and they penetrate into the root from one side and develop thin thread a few centimeters from the other to the root. outside. As a result, the hyphae multiply the volume of soil that is explored to draw water and the least mobile nutrients such as phosphorus.

They can produce organic acids to use phosphorus that the plant would not have. can take it alone. There are other mutually beneficial effects, such as protection from certain aggressors and improved water retention around roots through the secretion of swelling proteins, glomalins. associations. Mycorrhization depends on the presence of the fungus in the soil, and inoculation with selected strains can accelerate it under certain conditions.

In the case of soybean and other newly introduced crops, it is recommended to inoculate a strain adapted to the species and cultivar either on the seed or at the time of sowing. Mushrooms form large group organisms formed by more than 000 species, most of which are microscopic. Those that sprout in the forests from June to November represent only a small part - about a thousand species are sorted - and this is just one stage of the entire development cycle.

From this arise, when the temperature and humidity are favorable, fruiting bodies, commonly called mushrooms, emerge from the ground. They are usually formed by a stem and a cap various shapes, where the spores that will be used for reproduction are found.

Man has learned to distinguish good views, which could be used for feeding, from poisonous ones, causing Various types disorders and severity, as well as death to the suffering of consumers. All fungi are heterotrophic, i.e. they cannot build themselves the organic molecules necessary for life because they do not have chlorophyll. Therefore, they depend on other organs to provide them.

Many mushroom mushrooms are cute, mycorrhizal, that they wrap around the roots higher plants without damaging them to remove necessary substances in exchange for water and nitrogenous substances. Also typical of the species are the size, color and location of the pores that form the spongy tissue under the cap, the shape of the stem, and the texture of the flesh.