Skin problems can occur even in an apartment cat who never goes outside, therefore, each owner should have information that will help provide first aid in case of this ailment.
Skin diseases in cats are so numerous that it is impossible to cover and assimilate all the available information about them. Each owner at least once in his life is faced with a problem when his pet picks up lichen or dermatitis, which brings a lot of inconvenience and concern for the health of the ward.
Many skin inflammations are dangerous not only for animals, but also for humans. Therefore, in order to detect the disorder in a timely manner and cope with it, it is worth having basic knowledge. They will help determine the type of disease and tell you how to provide first aid to a sick pet.
If there is any such problem, the intervention of a veterinarian is necessary. Unfortunately, to date, it is virtually impossible to cope with any type of dermatitis or fungal disease. Folk methods and decoctions can briefly relieve redness and improve the condition, but they are not able to save and heal the animal from the disease itself.
List of the most common and dangerous diseases
Skin diseases in cats are versatile and manifest themselves in completely different ways in a particular environment. There are a number of particularly common species that are most acute and aggressive in action.
Skin diseases in cats are as follows:
- Ringworm;
- miliary dermatitis;
- Allergy;
- bedsores;
- Eczema;
- Scabies;
- Demodicosis;
- Acne.
Each of the ailments has its own characteristics and treatment regimen. Below, each disease is considered more broadly and voluminously, covering the basic information that any host should have.
Ringworm
It is a real problem that is hard enough to get rid of. The fact is that lichen can be transmitted at an extraordinary speed, affecting the head, paws and spine of the animal. Also, it easily clings to a person, which is due to the fungal nature of this disease.
In the early stages, getting rid of microsporia is quite easy. The main goal is to determine and make the correct diagnosis in time. Prevent the fungus from infecting most skin. Spreading, lichen can become painful, causes discomfort and discomfort in the cat.
Fungal diseases in cats are often provoked by a moldy dermatophyte fungus. Depending on the variety of bacteria, microsporia progresses with some differences, but the symptoms and course of the disease remain the same.
This disease is dangerous only for cats, kittens, children and adults. Does not affect lichen only dogs and birds. Therefore, having discovered it, it will not be harmful to undergo preventive measures for all family members.
miliary dermatitis
Not a single creature is immune from this disease. Wrong diet and constant free range in nature are among the most common causes of this problem. Bites of insects, fleas, ticks freely provoke irritation. Their saliva can be the main allergen that a cat can't tolerate.
Allergy
An allergic reaction refers to a variety of dermatitis, however, it has a slightly different nature. The reaction can occur to the most unusual objects and objects. So, it is not uncommon for cats to suffer from allergies to the owner's perfume or to the new soap that has appeared in the bathroom. Allergies also come in several varieties. Among them, the main ones can be distinguished, namely food or household.
House dust, flowering cactus, and synthetic fabrics can also cause an allergic reaction. Being free-range increases the percentage of the possibility of allergies in the animal, since the street contains many more dangerous allergens than the house.
bedsores
This problem is common in older cats or those that have recently had a serious illness or injury. Bedsores are a dying area of the skin, which, due to the low activity of the pet, begins to gradually die off and fester. When a cat lies a lot or lies mainly on a certain side, then this misfortune may soon occur.
Eczema
It is not uncommon for eczema to be a complication of an already existing disorder. So, the animal can have serious stomach problems, nervous system, kidneys and liver.
Scabies
Despite its rarity, the phenomenon of scabies causes enormous suffering to the animal and causes fear among its owners. The development of this disease is provoked by multiple microscopic mites that gnaw through and destroy the cat's epithelium.
This ailment is extremely dangerous and can lead the cat to death so quickly that the owner simply does not have time to take any measures. It is caused by the bite of ticks, the active period of which falls on the warm seasons.
Cats cannot defend themselves against them on their own, therefore they become frequent victims of these insects. They experience the strongest torment, as demodicosis affects large areas of the skin, causing itching and redness.
acne
Occurs due to improper care for the animals. Also, this trouble can occur if the cat has suffered a lot of stress and emotional shock. Despite the fact that the exact causes of its occurrence have not been proven, it exists. Acne can flow into painful sores, ulcers, which can develop into inflammation.
General symptoms
| Ringworm | Baldness of skin areas, the formation of red spots or pustules, dryness and peeling, hair loss |
| miliary dermatitis | The formation of scaly crusts, itching, redness, scratching, baldness in places is possible |
| Allergy | Itching, sores, rash, sores, vomiting, weakness, discoloration, pale gums |
| bedsores | Loss of sensation, fading of the skin area, change in pigmentation to black-brown, development of necrosis |
| Eczema | Itching, redness, crusting, fever, rapid weight loss, loss of appetite, weeping sores, kidney tenderness, scratching |
| Scabies | Scratching, redness, peeling |
| demodicosis | Red crusts, scratching, terrible reddening of the affected areas, partial baldness, the appearance of dense suppurating tubercles |
| acne | The presence of black spots, itching, partial hair loss, progression of hard crusts |
Any skin disease in cats is a threat. Each ailment has the ability to progress, which accelerates the reproduction of bacteria, an increase in their number. This leads to the fact that the animal experiences hellish torment, it loses its appetite, healthy sleep and ceases to function normally and communicate with its owners.
With the manifestations of any irritation on the body and muzzle of your pet, you should urgently go to a veterinary clinic. It should be remembered that not all ailments are safe for humans. Multiple viruses and fungi have learned to mutate and adapt to the type of organism that is nearby. Therefore, do not be surprised if, without removing the disorder in a timely manner, you have sharply lost your own immunity and acquired spots of a strange nature.
Phenomena due to which animals suffer all kinds of problems with the epidermis are everywhere. Due to their sensitivity and insecurity, cats are more susceptible to multiple diseases and viruses than others. Not every owner realizes that protecting his pet is a whole strategic task that will require balanced and thoughtful decisions.
Of course, pets walking on the street in free mode often pick up various sores. The owner is not always able to detect the problem in time and take the pet to the doctor, which significantly worsens the situation. However, here you can also try to prevent everything and try to protect your cat from potential threats.
Acquainted with the most common causes diseases of the epidermal cover, the owner must always be ready and know what actions to take in case of a problem. First of all, the owner must provide his pet for examination by a veterinarian so that he makes a conclusion about how high the likelihood of developing a particular disease is.
Diagnosing any skin disease is not easy. Here, much depends not only on the doctor, but also on the data that the pet owner provides during the examination. Also, it is worth considering that it is necessary to carry out a number of research measures and pass tests. They will help to achieve the necessary indicators and determine the exact nature of the disease.
Diagnostics can make detailed plan treatment, the degree of contagiousness and the danger of the disease. Therefore, do not ignore the opportunities that will provide you with specialized and professional assistance in treatment.
How to properly treat cats
Adult animals with almost all types of skin diseases need careful supervision and care. With microsporia and scabies, the animal should be isolated as much as possible from healthy pets, but try not to keep him indoors, as stress will only aggravate the situation.
Your pet should always be treated with prescribed drugs and injected with a vaccine that will help kill the infection completely from the inside. It is important to remember that any drug and vaccine must be prescribed by a veterinarian. Trying to treat the animal yourself, you will only harm him.
Never ignore additional advice regarding diet food and lifestyle changes. Also, it is worth giving your pet fortifying vitamins. They will help restore the immune system to its former health and resistance to disease.
A sick animal should not be allowed outside. Thus, you will endanger other creatures and children, who, in turn, will want to caress and stroke your pet.
How to properly treat kittens
Kittens, like small children, do not like to be treated. They are more difficult to deal with, but nevertheless, the small size makes it more convenient to hold the kitten, which makes it possible to process it normally. necessary drugs. A sick baby always needs attention, it is not clear to him why you abruptly stopped picking him up and stroking him. Despite the fact that you have limited contact communication with your pet, do not stop talking to him affectionately and calling him by name.
The veterinarian prescribes slightly different medications for kittens than for adults. Therefore, you need to know that drugs for adult animals are completely unsuitable for kittens. Also, the treatment of kittens takes place in several stages. important task is not to ditch immune system the baby and let him fight the disease on his own.
Make your pet's diet nutritious and rich. Get rid of human food, which can provoke further progression adverse reaction. Make sure that your pet feels cozy and comfortable.
Quite often, kittens are bathed in special baths, in which shampoo or a medicinal solution is added. So, the kitten will better tolerate the treatment and it will not harm his health. In difficult cases, an antibiotic and vitamins are prescribed, which will support the body throughout the entire treatment process.
Preventive measures
Preventive measures and precautions are always standard, but they are incredibly important and can save the life as well as the health of your furry friend. Prevention includes more than just going to the vet. A healthy and intelligent owner should always remember that the health and well-being of a furry friend lies entirely on his shoulders.
In the presence of any disorder of the epidermis, there is no need to fall into despair and try to get rid of your pet, sacrificing it for the sake of the health of your family. Such a decision is completely wrong. Today, absolutely any kind of skin ailment is perfectly treatable and eliminated. Modern medicines can quickly eliminate the primary symptoms and make the animal safe for all family members.
The main success of recovery - timely treatment. Yes, professional help. veterinarian can make the course of skin disease in cats virtually invisible. If the disease is on early stages, then you can eliminate it with a couple of injections and herbal shampoos.
Related videos
Skin diseases in cats are quite common and are one of the most common reasons for visiting a veterinarian. Fortunately, similar problems with health in most cases are easily curable. Their causes may be infections, allergic reactions, or malfunctions of the internal organs.
To remove fleas, you can use drops applied to the skin of the animal in the area of \u200b\u200bthe withers. It is recommended to buy such drugs in veterinary clinics, as pet stores are more likely to meet a fake. You should also wash floors, carpets, wash bedding - in all these places, flea eggs can remain. An effective remedy prevention is also a special collar, especially for cats that are on the street.
Ringworm
Some pet ailments can be dangerous for their owners. Skin diseases in cats that are transmitted to humans are fungal infections that cause ringworm. Their treatment is desirable to begin at an early stage. The main sign of lichen is areas with fallen hair, which the cat scratches all the time. Another symptom is that the skin is flaky, forming dandruff.
Used to treat lichen antifungal drugs in the form of ointments, and if necessary, tablets. If your cat has long, thick hair, it needs to be trimmed. This is done so that the ointment can be applied to the affected areas of the skin. In advanced cases, baths with sulfuric lime are prescribed.
Acne (acne disease)
Inflammation sebaceous glands found in all breeds. But most often such skin diseases occur in Sphynx cats. Localization of rashes can be different. Sphynx eels occur at the base of the tail, on the back, belly, and also under lower jaw. Acne looks like black follicles, sometimes there is redness around them. In fluffy cats, this disease usually occurs on the muzzle.
Acne in the initial stages is treated with washings. The affected area must be wetted warm water lather with germicidal soap, then rinse and dry with a towel. In more serious cases, special gels based on chlorhexidine are used, which can be purchased at veterinary clinics.
Bacterial infections
Acne, like wounds and cuts, can lead to bacterial skin disease in cats. Symptoms may vary depending on how the inflammatory process proceeds. With a dry variety of the disease, dense nodules and scaly crusts appear on the skin. The wet course of the disease is characterized by wetting of infected areas, redness and the formation of pustules.
Dry foci are treated antibacterial agents"Miramistin" and "Levomikol". Wet areas are treated with drying sprays. If the inflammation persists, a course of antibiotics is prescribed.
Allergic skin diseases in cats: photo and treatment
Allergies in pets are not uncommon. The most common variant in cats is hypersensitivity to flea bites. Outwardly, such an allergy can manifest itself in the form of baldness. individual sections skin, itching, the appearance of spots, the color of which can vary from pink to dark gray.
Treatment in this case is to rid the pet of fleas. In this case, an allergic reaction will manifest itself for some time even after the disappearance of insects. Finally, the symptoms will disappear after 5-6 weeks.
In addition to fleas, food or external irritants can cause allergies in animals. Such cases are more difficult to treat. After all, identifying an allergen is not so simple.
Atopic dermatitis
Allergic skin diseases in cats external factors, are manifested in the reddening of areas of the skin on which there is little wool. For example, on the stomach or on the paw pads. Then there are crusts and pustules. This reaction can be caused by contact with pollen, detergents, medicines, etc.
To determine which allergen caused dermatitis, it is necessary to carry out clinical tests. When the source skin irritation buden is found, the animal should be protected from it. If the allergen could not be determined, antihistamines are prescribed.
Food intolerance
Food allergies can also manifest as skin problems. Symptoms are the same as in atopic dermatitis. Food allergies are rare in cats. Therefore, even an experienced veterinarian cannot always quickly determine the cause of an animal's malaise.
If the food allergy is well established, you will have to change the pet's diet. Another type of food or homemade food, which includes meat and vitamin-containing products, will help eliminate allergic skin diseases in cats. Treatment in the initial stages may also include antipruritic agents if the animal itches a lot.
ear mite
There are several types of mites that cause skin diseases in cats on the ears. You can get them on the street or through contact with other animals. A cat bothered by ticks shakes its head and scratches its ear. Other symptoms also appear. These include redness, hair loss, and strong-smelling dark discharge in the ear. Similar manifestations can be in bacterial infections. Therefore, to establish an accurate diagnosis, the animal should be shown to the veterinarian.
For treatment ear mites special preparations are used in the form of drops and ointments. It is also recommended to remove dark secretions with cotton wool or a soft cotton cloth.
Psychogenic alopecia
Treatment is to eliminate the factors that cause stress in the cat. A mechanical barrier may also be required to prevent the animal from licking itself.
Cushing's syndrome
Skin diseases in cats caused by hormonal disorders are relatively rare. One such disease is Cushing's syndrome. Its cause is excessive production of the hormone cortisol by the adrenal glands. The disease can also occur due to the intake of certain medicines.
An excess of cortisol negatively affects the entire body. But on the skin, the manifestations of the disease are especially noticeable. Wool becomes more rare, then bald spots appear. The skin becomes thin and vulnerable to mechanical damage. The wounds do not heal for a long time. The tips of the ears become flabby and bent.
Treatment may include various measures, depending on the causes and course of the disease. If Cushing's syndrome is caused by taking cortisol-containing drugs, they are replaced by other drugs. If the cause is adrenal hyperactivity, drug therapy is prescribed. Sometimes resort to surgical intervention. It is effective when only one adrenal gland is not functioning properly. In such a situation, its surgical removal can solve the problem.
The following are the most common skin conditions in cats. Photos and descriptions of symptoms in most cases allow you to make the correct diagnosis yourself with high accuracy. pet. However, methods of treatment are still worth discussing with a specialist veterinarian.
Irritations and redness of the skin are often the consequences of diet changes, stress, improper care and maintenance. Cats are very sensitive animals. Any change can negatively affect their appearance or health. Dermatitis is the most common health problem in pets.
Types, general symptoms, causes
Most often, dermatitis is a symptom that indicates another ailment. Therefore, contrary to popular belief, it is impossible to get it from a cat. Only the disease that provokes it is transmitted.
The disease manifests itself in a wide variety of forms, which depend on the individual characteristics of the pet. The only thing that unites all dermatitis is external manifestations on the skin, sometimes accompanied by a violation of the hairline.
The disease can be conditionally divided into two groups:
- simple form. It occurs due to contact of the pet's skin with irritating substances (herbs, cosmetics, household chemicals, etc.). Most animals are protected from their influence by thick hair and a dense undercoat. However, dermatitis sometimes appears in unprotected areas. For example, on the paw pads.
- Complex or allergic dermatitis. Occur due to defensive reaction organism to the external annoying factor(bacteria, fungi, dyes, food, etc.).
Dermatitis also differs in the nature of the manifestation. These can be dense red formations, flaky dry or, conversely, wet areas. A rash, sores (sometimes with abscesses) appear on the damaged areas. Due to severe itching, cats scratch the infected areas, which causes even more redness and the spread of infection.
The general symptoms are clear and well recognizable. This:
- redness;
- inflammation;
- strong scratches;
- blisters and blisters;
- sores;
- scales;
- dry, cracked and hot skin.
Regardless of the form of manifestation, the cat constantly feels discomfort, behaves restlessly. The causes of occurrence can be completely different. Only a veterinarian can identify them and prescribe the correct course of treatment.
Bacterial dermatitis
Bacterial dermatitis often occurs in latent form. This means that the symptoms remain invisible to a person for a long time. Because of this, the disease becomes chronic and manifests itself with full force already during the period of relapse.
Chronic dermatitis is difficult to cure. Therefore, the cat must be regularly and carefully examined.. At the slightest sign of any abnormalities, it is immediately recommended to consult a doctor. Then, perhaps, it will be possible to get rid of the disease with the least expenditure of time and money.
A distinctive feature of bacterial dermatitis is damage only to the skin, not accompanied by hair loss. The factor that provoked the development of the disease can be:
- allergy;
- bad heredity;
- injuries and minor damage (wounds, cuts, microcracks);
- metabolic disease;
- certain diseases (for example, diabetes mellitus or a tumor).
There are two forms of the course of the disease:
- With dry dermatitis, crusts, scales and seals form on the damaged area.
- Wet is accompanied by bright redness, the appearance of a rash and pustules.
The first signs are changes in behavior. The pet often licks the fur, constantly itches.
As in most cases, choose proper treatment only a veterinarian can. First, the veterinarian conducts an examination and prescribes laboratory tests. The results of the tests allow you to identify the causative agent of the disease and prescribe suitable medications. Most often these are antibiotics, Miramistin and Levomekol.
Some cat owners decide on their own to give their pet hormones for treatment. This is not recommended for multiple serious reasons. Hormonal remedies quickly relieve unpleasant symptoms, but do not provide long-acting and complete freedom from disease. As a result, dermatitis reappears with greater force. Getting rid of it with the usual means is becoming increasingly difficult. In addition, hormone-based drugs are highly addictive.
Fungal dermatitis
Fungal dermatitis develops under the influence of pathogenic yeast fungus. Normally, it is present on the skin of many pets. But when it appears favorable conditions(for example, weakened immunity) begins to multiply actively.
A favorable environment for the development and spread of the fungus is warm and humid places. This type appears:
- near the eyes and ears;
- on the nose (cats with flat faces are at risk);
- between fingers;
- in the inguinal zone;
- under the tail;
- armpits.
Obvious signs - baldness of the affected area, redness, scratching, scales. If you miss the moment and do not start treatment on time, the affected areas will gradually spread throughout the body. In the most advanced cases, the body of cats is covered with wounds by 50% or more.
The veterinarian prescribes medications depending on the type of fungus. These can be topical preparations (ointments), and means for oral administration. The latter are prescribed when it comes to yeast fungi. In this case, not only the skin, but also the internal organs are affected. With extensive lesions, the doctor may prescribe therapeutic baths. The treatment regimen is selected individually for each pet.
In addition to treating the pet with special means, the owner will have to disinfect his dishes, sleeping place, and the room where the cat lives. If there are other animals in the house, they will also have to be treated for preventive purposes.
Allergic dermatitis
Allergic dermatitis is one of the most dangerous forms of the disease. Its exact cause is difficult to identify immediately. The disease develops slowly. On initial stage accompanied by itching and redness. In advanced cases, it can provoke an asthma attack (due to swelling of the larynx). Therefore, if you suspect a pet allergy, you should immediately see a doctor.
Allergic dermatitis occurs for many reasons. This may be the body's response to:
- malnutrition;
- vitamins or mineral supplements;
- cosmetics;
- plants;
- household chemicals;
- medicines;
- straight sunlight(typical for light-haired cats).
With the development allergic dermatitis scales appear on the skin. They itch slightly, so they do not cause discomfort. Gradually, the disease takes severe form. In advanced cases, swelling, severe scratching, bright redness appear.
Laboratory tests allow to identify irritating substances. According to their results, the allergen is determined, medications are prescribed. Preparations are chosen individually for each animal.
The treatment regimen includes reception antihistamines, the use of ointments that relieve itching and irritation. The doctor prescribes drugs that relieve inflammation. Unfortunately, allergic dermatitis is practically incurable. But if the allergen is identified and eliminated from the cat's life, the pet will be able to live long and comfortably.
Skin diseases associated with viral infections
Viral diseases or infection also cause the development of dermatitis. This species is rare. It is diagnosed well - not only the skin is affected, but also the mucous membranes with internal organs.
The most common reasons:
- herpes;
- leukemia;
- immunodeficiency.
This form is hard to get rid of. An animal infected with the virus is prone to relapses with exacerbations in autumn and spring. Treatment will have to be done throughout the life of the pet.
Dermatitis accompanied by hair loss
Almost always, dermatitis is accompanied by a violation of the skin and the appearance of wounds, as well as hair loss. Moreover, not only on the affected area, but throughout the body.
In some cases, the pathology is inherited. Get rid of congenital disease impossible. Common types of illness:
- complete absence of hair;
- very sparse coat;
- hypotrichosis - complete loss of hair in a kitten at the age of 6 months.
Cat owners should be aware that many shorthair breeds experience strong fallout hair around the eyes or near the ears. Often this is not a pathology, but a feature of the breed.. But for safety reasons, you can take your pet to the veterinarian.
In addition to congenital abnormalities, there are also acquired ones. For example, a strong molt. During the period of coat shedding, so much hair falls out that the skin becomes visible. In the off-season, wool falls out in smaller quantities. But still more than required.
The reasons that lead to baldness are:
- stress;
- mental disorders;
- a sharp change in conditions of detention;
- systemic diseases.
In most cases, treatment is reduced to the appointment of tranquilizers and the creation of such conditions in which the cat feels comfortable.
SKIN DISEASES IN CATS
Ruslana Roshchina
IN last years skin diseases in cats occupy one of the leading places among other diseases. Increasingly, changes in the nature of feeding, deterioration of environmental characteristics make themselves felt. environment, sedentary image life of most small domestic animals, not always competent breeding work. These factors contribute to the emergence and consolidation in the gene pool of various pathological conditions, many of which are accompanied by skin manifestations.
In this article, skin diseases of cats are described briefly and divided according to the most characteristic and common manifestations.
Very often, cats have a complex of changes that manifest themselves in all areas of the skin:
MILIARY (PAPULOCRUSTOSIS) DERMATITIS
bacterial or fungal infections;
Allergic reactions (to food components, medications, hygiene products);
Atopic dermatitis.
2. Fungal infections
Typical lesions in fungal infections of the skin (dermatomycosis) are areas of baldness covered with delicate gray scales, most often in the head, ears and paws. There may also be signs of the above-described miliary dermatitis with scales, tubercles and crusts over the entire surface of the skin, the appearance of generalized alopecia (alopecia) with crusts and scales. There is itching varying degrees expressiveness.
Treatment. If fungal infections such as trichophytosis and microsporia are detected ( ringworm) it should be remembered that they are all treated. Optimal is the use of the drug "Lamisil" in the form of a spray, quickly absorbed and does not leave greasy marks. 3 to 5 one-time daily treatments are sufficient. The tablet form of "Lamisil" for cats is practically ineffective. good effect also have bathing in the solution of the drug "Mikofit". In this case, cats should be well dried to avoid hypothermia. If the owner has contracted ringworm from a cat, then Lamisil in the form of a spray or cream also has a very good therapeutic effect, even if the scalp is affected. Often, mycological studies in cats reveal a fungus from the genus Aspergillus. It, as a rule, is a companion of other diseases and spontaneously disappears when the underlying disease is cured. Also, secondary cutaneous aspergillosis responds well to treatment with Mycofit and Lamisil. Yeast fungi from the genus Candida or Malassezia are also often companions of other diseases, usually associated with a weakened immune system. With these mycoses, in addition to treating the underlying disease, treatment of the affected skin or bathing in shampoos containing miconazole, itraconazole, enilconazole or nystatin is recommended. Ketoconazole, which is part of some shampoos, can have a toxic effect with liver damage in some cats, so such shampoos should be used with caution. With extensive candidiasis of the mucous membranes, nystatin and probiotics (lactobacterin, bifidumbacterin, etc.) are prescribed to restore the normal microflora of the mucous membranes.
When eliminating generalized fungal infections in nurseries, the following set of measures is carried out:
Vaccination with therapeutic antifungal vaccines;
Bathing animals in a solution of the drug "Mikofit" 2-3 times with an interval of 5 days;
Subsequent relocation of treated animals to clean rooms or enclosures disinfected with bactericidal ultraviolet lamps;
Daily in between bathing treatment spray "Lamisil".
It should be remembered that very often healthy cats The onset of fungal infection can be focal, minor, and often self-limiting due to a good immune response. For such animals, it is enough to carry out external treatments without vaccination; the disease of cats with this type of fungal infection provides a protective effect similar to vaccination.
3. Bacterial infections
Cats have both wet and dry types of bacterial skin infections. With the wet type, there are areas of moist, weeping, reddened skin with the appearance of vesicles, pustules, cracks, crusts, itching of varying severity. In the dry type, there are signs of the above-described miliary dermatitis.
Bacterial infections of the superficial layers of the skin affect only the epidermis. Their causes may be a breed predisposition (pyoderma of the muzzle folds in short-faced breeds), pyoderma due to intense licking due to stress or due to severe itching due to allergies.
Bacterial infections of the deep layers of the skin are not the primary process - a predisposing cause should always be identified. Most often they develop on the background infected wounds and bites, as well as due to systemic diseases that cause a decrease in immunity - neoplasms, viral infections. Inadequate treatment with glucocorticoids can also contribute to the development of bacterial infections. When the deep layers of the skin are affected, an extensive swollen, warm to the touch and painful area with exudation, the formation of crusts and fistulas (holes from which ichor or pus oozes) is observed.
Treatment. When causative agents of bacterial infections are isolated in laboratories, their sensitivity to various antibiotics is also determined simultaneously. Antibiotics should be used according to the results laboratory research. Surface treatments are carried out depending on the form of skin lesions - for dry lesions, softening antibacterial ointments "Miramistin", "Levomikol", a solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate are used; when weeping - drying sprays "Chemi-Spray", "Aluminosprey", etc.
Separately, I want to dwell on the use of glucocorticoids. They are often and sometimes unreasonably prescribed in the treatment of almost all skin diseases in order to stop inflammation and itching. Frequent and uncontrolled use of glucocorticoids can lead to irreversible organ dysfunction. endocrine system- Diabetes mellitus, adrenal insufficiency. Therefore, glucocorticoids should be used with caution and under constant medical supervision.
If cultures and other laboratory tests are negative, the diet and environment are examined to identify food and contact allergens.
4. Allergic food and allergic contact dermatitis s.
Allergic food dermatitis is associated with intolerance to certain food components (dairy products, certain types of fish, beef, pork, eggs). More often the disease is observed in animals at 4-5 years of age. The most common signs are itching in the muzzle, including the auricles and neck area; alopecia on the abdomen and sides, miliary dermatitis. Systemic manifestations are often observed - diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy.
Allergic contact dermatitis is a reaction to certain houseplants, rubber, rosin, carpet deodorants, washing powders and fabric softeners, medicated sprays and ointments. Lesions are found in hairless places, with an acute onset, redness, vesicles and pustules of varying severity are observed. At chronic process- alopecia, pigmentary changes, thickening and peeling of the skin.
A variety of allergic dermatitis can be the so-called "solar" dermatitis, which manifests itself in animals on slightly pigmented skin. Lesions in the form of scales and redness occur at the tips of the ears, along the edges lower eyelids, in the area of the nose and lips. Chronic lesions are manifested by exudation, the formation of crusts and ulcers. Each year the lesions progress to more severe ones and can lead to squamous cell skin cancer.
Diagnosis of allergic dermatitis consists in the exclusion of other diseases, and then in the experimental removal of possible allergens. The ideal is to place the animal in a hypoallergenic environment for 10-14 days. If skin lesions are associated with allergies, they disappear or are significantly reduced. The cat is then carefully returned to the potential allergens to test for a reaction. The bandage test method can be used: a test substance is applied on a gauze pad to an intact cut area of the skin and fixed with a plaster. After 48 hours, the skin is examined and examined for signs of an allergic reaction. You can rub the test substance into the skin and observe for 5 days.
With food dermatitis, potential allergens are excluded from the diet, transferring the cat to hypoallergenic feeding with special feeds, or introducing foods such as duck, turkey, soy, and venison into the diet.
5. Atopic miliary dermatitis
Excessive or inadequate response of the body to environmental allergens. The causes of atopic dermatitis, like the causes of other allergic reactions, are associated with immunological mechanisms. Breed or sex predisposition is absent, obviously young animals are more predisposed. In cats with this type of dermatitis, itching is always noted. Manifestations on the skin are in the form of alopecia on the abdomen and lower parts of the limbs, rashes in the form of tubercles, crusts and scales, in cats it is noted severe itching and itchy inflammation ear canal with excess sulfur. Diagnosis of atopy consists in conducting intradermal allergic tests, as well as in the exclusion of similar diseases - dermatitis from flea bites and allergic contact dermatitis.
6. Eosinophilic Allergic Syndrome (EAS)
6. Eosinophilic allergic syndrome (EAS) is a systemic disease that manifests itself in a variety of ways. clinical signs, including skin changes. The cause is immunological processes, as with many other allergic reactions. EAS manifests itself as a sluggish ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, eosinophilic granuloma. It is also considered the basis of miliary allergic dermatitis. With the formation of an ulcer or granuloma, lesions in the lips and oral cavity, lesions are often red-brown, delimited, have raised edges and often ulcerate. Itching and pain are rare. The plaques have the same appearance, but have a smaller diameter.
Alopecia (baldness)
Alopecia is a very common occurrence in cats. They are congenital and acquired.
Congenital hereditary alopecia - universal sphinx alopecia and hereditary hypotrichosis (abnormally small amount of hair) in Siamese, Mexican and Devon Rex breeds. Sphynxes were essentially bred on the basis of animals with congenital alopecia universalis, however, they also have a small amount hair follicles. Due to the constant licking of the skin with a rough tongue and its injury, hairless cats sometimes weaken the desire to engage in grooming. As a result, exfoliating epithelium and sebaceous secretions accumulate on the skin and in the nail folds, which makes the skin oily and rancid. Anti-seborrheic shampoos with 1% selenium sulfide are used to control lubrication and odor. Accumulations in the nail folds are removed manually.
Hereditary hypotrichosis is manifested by the birth of animals with a body covered with down, which quickly falls out, and by the second week of life, the animals go bald. Then the hair grows back, and falls out again by 6 months. This disease is incurable, such cats should be excluded from breeding.
Strong molting - associated with the season and is characterized by a temporary uniform decrease in coat.
Parotid partial alopecia - thinning of hair in the area from the eyes to the ears in short-haired cat breeds. This is due to physiological causes and does not require treatment.
Psychogenic alopecia and dermatitis - often develops as a result of increased licking and plucking of hair with behavioral problems associated with anxiety and stress (moving, the appearance of a new family member or a new animal, etc.). Often manifested in "nervous" breeds - Siamese, Abyssinian, Burmese. In this case, alopecia are located on inner surface abdomen and thighs, sometimes they are accompanied by inflammation of varying degrees. When treating, the cause of stress should be excluded, if this is not possible, tranquilizers (diazepam) or mood modifiers (megestrol acetate) are prescribed.
Alopecia at the injection site, traumatic and cicatricial alopecia - the formation of a crust with subsequent hair loss at the injection site, after injuries, excessive licking. Does not require treatment, hair grows back after a few weeks or months;
Alopecia due to the above miliary dermatitis is a complication of miliary dermatitis. Treatment is aimed at eliminating its causes;
Alopecia of the auricle - occurs in short-haired cat breeds in the form of periodic alopecia of the auricle. Hair falls out spontaneously and also spontaneously grows back after a few weeks or months. Treatment is not required.
Alopecia under the collar - develops due to friction of the collar. After removing it, it goes away. This type of alopecia should be distinguished from an allergy to flea collar components, in which, in addition to alopecia, symptoms of dermatitis are observed.
Symmetrical (endocrine) alopecia - a manifestation of disorders hormonal balance in organism. It manifests itself on the inner part of the abdomen and hind limbs, in the area from the elbow to the wrist of the chest limbs, in the anogenital region, on the lateral parts of the abdominal and chest walls, in armpit. It's more of a diffuse decrease. total hair than complete baldness, with or without a clear boundary between the affected and healthy areas of the skin. Itching with endocrine alopecia is absent.
Endocrine alopecia accompanies the following diseases:
An underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). The disease, in addition to symmetrical alopecia, is manifested by generalized seborrhea, edematous cold skin, slow wound healing, hyperpigmentation;
Hyperthyroidism. Very common in cats. Manifested by increased growth of claws, increased fallout hair with the formation of symmetrical alopecia, usually in the flanks; generalized oily seborrhea, leading to tangled hair in long-haired cats;
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex (Cushing's syndrome). In cats, it is rare, while the skin becomes thin, inelastic, easily damaged even with the usual lifting of the animal, bruises form on the body. The skin becomes hyperpigmented, partial or complete alopecia develops on the back, sides and abdomen, comedones form;
Post-castration syndrome, in which baldness of the neck in the form of a collar is often observed;
Diabetes. Characterized by dry hair, dry seborrhea, baldness auricles, the appearance of subcutaneous nodules of white or yellow color;
Acromegaly ( overproduction growth hormone in adult animals). It is manifested by thickening of the skin and the development of excessive skin folds in the head and neck.
In all these cases, consultation with an endocrinologist, additional laboratory tests and the choice of treatment based on their results are required.
PIGMENTATION DISORDERS
Periocular leukotrichia - a decrease in the amount of pigment in the hair leads to the formation of lighter areas around the eyes ("glasses"). Found in Siamese cats and is associated with stress factors, systemic diseases. This is a temporary disorder, spontaneously disappearing after the growth of new hair.
Simple lentigo - characterized by the formation of dark brown spots of various sizes on the lips, gums, eyelids and nose, most often in red cats. It does not predispose to the development of melanoma (skin cancer). The causes of the disease are unknown, it is more of a cosmetic problem.
Congenital defect of pigmentation (albinism of the eyes and skin) - sometimes observed in persian cats. There is no treatment, such animals are not allowed to breed.
SKIN LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL INFECTIONS
Feline leukemia virus
Skin lesions in VLC are associated with secondary bacterial and fungal infections - recurrent abscesses, cellulitis, parronychia, poor healing wounds. Skin neoplasms, generalized seborrhea, eosinophilic plaques, and severe itching are also observed. due to reduced immunity skin pathology difficult to treat.
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Skin lesions include chronic otitis externa, pustular dermatitis, stomatitis, and gingivitis.
Calicivirus and herpesvirus infection
Calicivirus can present with blisters, erosions, and ulcers on the paw pads and in the mouth.
Herpesvirus infection can also be manifested by ulcers, they are localized more often in the chest, abdomen and extremities, as well as in the oral cavity. There may also be erosions in the inner corners of the eyes and around the nostrils.
Treatment of skin lesions associated with viral infections, is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause and includes the use of serums ("Vitafel"), antiviral drugs("Fosprenil", "Maxidin", "Anandin"), antibiotics. Locally, it is also possible to treat lesions with the above drugs, antiseptic solutions ("Stomatidin", "Dioxidin", etc.)
AUTOIMMUNE SKIN DISEASES
Autoimmune skin diseases ( various forms pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis) are very rare in cats. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by rashes with fluid-filled blisters. different sizes, erosion, ulcers, and subsequently pustules.
Diagnosis of these diseases is based on the study of smears of the contents of pustules and skin biopsy with the identification of characteristic changes.
Treatment autoimmune diseases the skin is long-term use steroid drugs (prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and long-acting glucocorticoids).
NUTRITIONAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN
These diseases are associated with a lack of certain nutrients in the cat's diet - protein, fatty acids, vitamins. These alimentary skin diseases manifest themselves in the form of generalized peeling, hair loses pigment, grows poorly, becomes thin, dry and brittle. These symptoms are accompanied by the development of systemic changes, primarily weight loss. Treatment consists in analyzing and balancing the diet.
NEOPLASIAS (TUMORS) OF THE SKIN
Skin neoplastic processes in cats can be benign or malignant. Differentiating them according to appearance is very complicated, therefore, in any case, consultation with a specialist and additional laboratory tests are required.
DISEASES OF THE SEBIC GLANDS AND SUBCUTANEOUS FIBRE
Inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (panniculitis) manifests itself in the form of single or multiple deep nodules on the lower and lateral parts chest. The nodules fill with fluid, burst, resulting in painful ulcers filled with thick oily contents. Heal slowly, leaving astringent scars. For diagnosis, histological studies are carried out. The cause of the disease is immune disorders, so treatment is associated with the elimination of these causes. Appoint also oral administration vitamin E and prednisolone injections.
Acne is a violation of the sebaceous glands, characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads). Comedones appear most often on the chin or lips in the form of black dots and slight baldness. When complicated by secondary bacterial flora, vesicles and pustules may develop. The causes of the disease have not been fully established, it is believed that acne develops on skin prone to seborrhea, as well as insufficient cleaning of the skin of the chin and lips after eating. In many cases, no treatment is required, comedones can be removed manually, followed by skin disinfection. antiseptic solutions(not with ointments, so as not to additionally clog pores) - chlorhexidine, dioxidine, etc. If the presence of a secondary bacterial infection prescribe antibiotics based on the results of determining the sensitivity of microorganisms.
Hyperplasia of the caudal glands (cauda equina) - characterized by the accumulation of wax secretion on the upper surface of the tail, where many sebaceous glands are located. It is manifested by a thickening of the base of the tail and the release of a gray-yellow oily secret, due to which the hair loses its shine and becomes thinner. The causes of the disease are unknown, the treatment is the same as for acne.
Seborrhea - as an independent disease in cats is rare, more often it is one of the symptoms of other diseases. Seborrhea is characterized by the appearance of light gray scales on dry skin and hair. The causes of dry seborrhea are described in the "miliary dermatitis" section. Often, dry seborrhea can develop within just a few hours, as a result of stress. At the same time, intense hair loss is also noted throughout the body. Oily seborrhea(scales on oily skin and wool) is often associated with chronic diseases of the liver and pancreas (diffuse hair thinning is also observed), drug allergies. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause, can also be applied medicated shampoos with sulfur or 1% selenium sulfide.
Blockage of the perianal glands is rare in cats, usually accompanied by licking and scratching of the anal area, pain during defecation, "hunting" for the tail, inflammation of the perianal region, and baldness of the tail. It is treated by squeezing out the secret of the glands, followed by the introduction into anus anti-inflammatory rectal suppositories and dietary prescription.
EAR DISEASES
CLAW DISEASES
Paronychia and pionichia. Paronychia is an inflammation of the soft tissues around the claw, and pionychia is a purulent infection of this area. They mostly occur together and are the result of a bacterial, fungal, and sometimes yeast infection. Diagnosis requires examination and culture to isolate bacterial and fungal cultures. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the infection. Sometimes an opening and drainage of infected areas is required.
Abnormal claw growth occurs in older animals suffering from hyperthyroidism. Growing claws are periodically cut off.
© MALC RUI. All rights to materials published on the site are protected in accordance with copyright law. In case of full or partial reprint of text materials on the Internet, a link to the site is required! Editorial email address
But also for the people around her. Therefore, in order to notice their first signs in time and help your pet, you should know well skin diseases cats, their causes, symptoms and necessary treatment.
Skin diseases: general characteristics
To begin with, it is worth noting that skin diseases can appear even in an animal that has never been on the street. In addition, many diseases have similar symptoms, but various reasons and manifest themselves differently depending on the conditions of detention, age and other factors.
Clinical studies begin with an external examination of the animal: the condition of his coat and skin, temperature, the presence of a rash, redness, itching and other abnormalities. Next, a study is carried out under a microscope of scrapings from the skin, pieces of wool, or detected ticks. Treatment of skin diseases in cats can be a long and painstaking process, which is why it is so important to correctly diagnose and prescribe the correct treatment.
Important! Don't rely on folk medicine, including various infusions and decoctions. Only contacting a qualified veterinarian can properly and fully help your pet.
Symptoms, causes, treatment of the most popular
The most common skin diseases in cats are:
- allergic reactions;
- cheiletiosis;
- flea infestation;
- notoedres;
- otodectosis;
- scabies;
- dermatitis;
- eczema;
- bedsores.
allergic reactions
Anything can be an allergen - for example, household dust and plants, cosmetics and perfumes, fresh paint, and even a new air freshener. And, of course, pet food can cause allergies, so you need to be especially careful when introducing a new type of food.
demodicosis
This disease is caused by ticks. As a result, large areas of the skin become infected, redness and itching appear. A characteristic, but not obligatory, symptom is hair loss, mainly on the muzzle. In addition, the cat has black or red dots in the coat at the site of entry of the demodectic mite.
Like any other disease, the treatment of demodicosis is very individual. All doses and preparations should be prescribed only by a specialist. Most often, treatment consists of applying special drops to the withers, local treatments and the use of antibiotics.
cheiletiosis
Another disease caused by microscopic mites. Outwardly manifested along the line of the animal's spine. In addition, the cat becomes restless, itchy, she rolls on her back. Treatment consists in the use of special preparations in the form of sprays, oral administration or in spot-on devices. Anti-seborrheic shampoos also showed themselves well.
Flea infestation
A characteristic feature of this problem is that that fleas are picked up even by those who are not in contact with other animals. They can even be carried by a person on their own shoes. In addition, fleas settle under skirting boards, in the crevices of parquet or furniture, therefore, in addition to treating the pet itself, you should also take care of the room.
A well-known manifestation of this problem is generalized itching of the animal's skin. In addition, dermatitis and even a slight allergic reaction may be added later.
Treatment is the treatment of the animal and its place of residence with special anti-flea drugs.
Notohedres
Called by a microscopic mite settling on the skin of a pet. As a rule, the disease begins with the head, and then spreads along the neck to the body of the cat. In advanced cases, it manifests itself as a thickening of the skin of the animal, while it forms folds, as it were, and the animal itself is depleted.
The diagnosis is made on the basis of scrapings from the skin, the treatment consists in treating the skin with acaricidal preparations.
Important! Do not forget about vitamins for your beloved cat - they help to strengthen its immunity and, as a result, the body's good resistance to viruses and infections.
Otodectosis
Treatment is prescribed based on the results of the analysis of the contents of the auditory canal and consists in cleaning the passage and treating it with acaricidal preparations.
Scabies
The disease is caused mites that live on the skin of an animal. As a result of the infection, the cat suffers from a severe unstoppable. The disease is very easily transmitted from one animal to another, so it is necessary to isolate the pet as much as possible.
As medical therapy scabies, injections of ivermectin drugs (Baymek, Novomek), as well as external ointments (Stomazan, Butox) are used.
mixed
The disease can be caused by several factors of a different nature.
Dermatitis
Dermatitis can be complicated by bacterial infections, manifested by rashes, peeling, etc.
Treatment consists of the use of special corticosteroid drugs, nutritional correction and elimination of the cause of the disease.
Did you know? The cat can move maximum speed 50 km/h. and jump to a height five times her height!
Eczema
The disease can be caused by various factors - problems with internal organs, nervous breakdown, improper wearing or synthetic for the animal. It is manifested by reddening of the skin, the formation of spots, rashes, papules. When a bacterial infection is connected, severe itching of the skin is observed. In this case, the cat itches to sores and its hair falls out.
eczema treatment, depending on the cause, consists in the use of sedatives, antihistamines, vitamins and local lotions. However, the most important thing is to find and eliminate the cause of the disease.
bedsores
This is a problem caused by poor blood circulation in an area of the skin. Appears in animals after an injury or due to advanced age, with a long lying on one side. As a result, the skin gradually loses sensitivity, acquires a brownish tint, necrosis appears on it, turning into ulcers, which eventually begin to fester.
Illness is treated like any other open wound by applying a solution of "brilliant green" or camphor alcohol. In addition, it is worth changing the forced position of the animal more often and replacing the bedding.
Skin diseases: is there a danger to humans
Cat skin disease transmitted from animal to human is ringworm. Therefore, when it is detected in a pet, it will not be superfluous to go through preventive treatment to all family members.
Moreover, it is very easy to get infected with this disease - one has only to stroke a sick cat a few times. Often children bring lichen from the children's sandbox, where homeless animals like to visit.
Therefore, if your pet is already sick, do not touch it with bare hands. Disinfect the apartment well, especially the cat's bedding. Treat the affected area with iodine and take the cat to the vet.
In addition, the following should always be observed simple rules animal content:
- do not forget about personal hygiene, after communicating with the animal, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water;
- regularly vaccinate and give the cat anthelmintics;
- protect as much as possible domestic cat from interacting with wild animals,
- feed the animal only high-quality and balanced
- At the first sign of skin disease in a cat or a family member, contact a specialist immediately.
Now, knowing what skin diseases cats have and their main signs, you can notice and recognize the problem in time and help your pet. And timely assistance is the key to health and wellness not only your cat, but all members of your family.