Rehabilitation period after abdominal surgery: regimen and diet. Recommendations for patients who have undergone surgery to remove a herniated disc

Recovery after surgical intervention depends on a number of objective factors:

whether the operation was emergency or planned;
state general health women before surgery;
volume and complexity of surgical intervention. The complexity of the operation determines its duration, and, therefore, the time spent under anesthesia;
whether the operation was laparoscopic or laparatomy or whether the perineal and vaginal approach was used;
what type of anesthesia was used: endotracheal or epidural anesthesia.

There are also subjective factors - this is a woman’s reaction to the need to undergo surgery on the most precious thing she has, her reproductive organs.

From experience working with patients, I know that an operation, for example, on the gastrointestinal tract is psychologically easier to bear than a minor gynecological operation.

In laparoscopy, the operation is performed with small, delicate instruments inserted into the abdominal cavity through several small holes in the abdomen. A camera is inserted into one of them, which displays the image on a large screen. The doctors' hands move from the outside to operate instruments inside the abdomen.

This approach can significantly reduce tissue trauma, blood loss during surgery, and the risk of adhesions.

The holes in the abdomen heal quickly and become invisible after 2-3 months. And no one, looking at you in a bikini, will guess that you have undergone surgery.

The disadvantage of laparoscopy is that it uses only endotracheal or, speaking in simple language, general anesthesia. That is, a special tube is inserted into the windpipe and drugs are injected to block one’s own breathing. And they breathe for the patient throughout the operation. artificial lungs. However, modern equipment makes it possible to minimize complications from this type of anesthesia.

Laparotomy is an operation through an incision in the abdomen, which modern medicine carried out along the pubic hair growth line.

The laparotomy approach is used in operations that require the removal of a significant part of organs and in emergency situations, which suggest the presence of a large amount of blood in the abdomen. For example, a ruptured tube during an ectopic pregnancy.

During laparotomy it is used as endotracheal anesthesia, and epidural anesthesia. As a method of choice for pain relief, epidural anesthesia is much safer than general anesthesia.

In the hole between the second and third lumbar vertebrae An anesthetic is injected through a thick needle. The patient completely loses sensation in the body below the navel. During the operation, she may be conscious or dozing under the influence of sleeping pills, but all vital functions of the body are preserved, the lungs breathe on their own.

Gynecological operations that are performed “from below” are operations for prolapse pelvic organs or plastic surgery of the perineum when its muscles diverge.

Surgeries via vaginal or perineal access are often performed under epidural anesthesia, which contributes to good general well-being after the intervention.

Recovery is easiest after removing small benign tumors ovaries. The most common of them are simple serous cystadenomas, endometrioid cysts and teratomas. The operation is performed laparoscopically and takes 30-40 minutes. This also includes gynecological cosmetology.

The next day the patient will be home. If you follow the surgeon's recommendations, recovery in this case occurs quickly.

It is much more difficult to recover after removal of the uterus and its appendages, including, possibly, the ovaries. And here there may be various options events.

I have patients who say: “I’m so tired of these fibroids, bleeding, abdominal pain.” And they easily go through a hysterectomy. They recover quickly and correctly after surgery and move on happily.

There are those who, despite the totality of disturbing symptoms and objective indicators of gynecological ill health, have great difficulty making a decision about surgery. Almost doomed. “Yes, I know that there is no other way...” And they have already tried everything: traditional and non-traditional.

And the saddest thing. The patient went to remove a small ovarian tumor or myomatous node, and after the operation the surgeon said that “they had to remove everything.”

Recovery after complex gynecological operations

First. "I can no longer have children"

This concerns isolated cases. Modern gynecological surgery is aimed at organ-preserving operations. And he fights with all his might for the possibility of motherhood for women. And even if necessary big operation in female patients reproductive age It is possible to save eggs, cryoembryos, use donor eggs, surrogacy.

Second. “What if I go into premature menopause?”

If the ovaries are preserved during surgery, then all physiological changes menstrual cycle persist, only there are no menstruation. Removing the uterus does not bring menopause closer. It occurs in accordance with the biology of the body.

If it begins to change for the worse or if the ovaries were removed during surgery, it makes sense to discuss with the gynecologist the transition to replacement hormonal therapy. Good now modern pharmacology provides a large number of sufficiently effective and safe hormonal drugs.

Third. “What about sex after?”

Very often, women worry about sex life after major surgery. I will answer from my extensive experience of communicating with patients after major gynecological operations. Libido does not decrease. Moreover, the disappearance of associated gynecological disease symptoms, such as intermenstrual bleeding, the disappearance of the fear of pregnancy makes sex life brighter and more intense.

No man will ever feel yours during sex" internal anatomy"A partner's doubts about his feelings during sex can only begin if a woman describes to him in detail the operation she went through.

If you experience vaginal dryness, you can use various lubricants.

The first is weakness. Patients often complain of persistent long time weakness and fatigue. In order to recover quickly after surgery, it is necessary to assess the degree of anemia. For this purpose, indicators such as serum iron and iron-binding capacity of blood are used, and not hemoglobin as such. It is also important to donate blood for microelements and vitamins and add those that are missing to your diet.

Balanced diet and sufficient quantity sleep is the key to any recovery.

The pain continues. Postoperative pain usually lasts no more than 2-3 weeks and is dictated by the fact that the wounds inside the body must heal. The pain is more likely to be aching character, do not require painkillers and intensify after physical activity.

For patients with a large surgical volume and a weakened abdominal wall, it is recommended to wear postoperative bandage. For everyone, there is a limit on lifting weights of more than 2-3 kg.

Transferred gynecological operations can lead to chronic pelvic pain. If there is, for example, a large uterine fibroid, the woman’s entire pelvis twists around it for a long time. And after removal of the organ, the ligaments and muscles of the pelvis need to find a new balance. The body does not always have the strength to do this, and through pain it communicates the need for help.

Sometimes after surgery the outflow of blood from the pelvis may be impaired and venous stasis talks about himself with bursting aching pains.

Adhesions may also form after surgery. And they are not related to the quality of the operation performed, but are more determined by a genetic predisposition to adhesions.

In such situations, a good opportunity for recovery is provided by osteopathic treatment. Osteopaths are able to create a new healthy balance in the pelvis, reduce adhesive process, remove venous stagnation. And after 3-4 sessions the pain goes away forever.

I would also recommend that every patient undergo at least one osteopathic session as a preventive measure a month after surgery. This will allow you to check the condition of the muscles, bones and ligaments after surgical intervention, loosen the tension of the suture on the anterior abdominal wall. Osteopaths know how to erase the “memory” of the anesthesia from the body.

Physical activity can begin 2-3 months after surgery. But in order to create a good outflow venous blood from the pelvic cavity, to prevent the abdominal press and pelvic diaphragm from weakening, I would recommend starting to do the “vacuum” exercise 2-3 weeks after the operation.

The exercise is performed strictly lying on a comfortable surface. Your legs should be slightly bent at the knees. Point your chin slightly toward your chest. Take 2-3 full breaths with your stomach. Next, as you exhale (!!), you need to pull in your stomach, imagining that you are zipping up tight jeans, pull your navel towards your spine, and your thoraco-abdominal diaphragm up. Hold the exhalation as much as possible. Next, smoothly inhale and 2-3 inhalations and exhalations. Repeat "vacuum".

This session can be performed for 5-7 minutes a day. The result will be a feeling of lightness in the stomach and good tone. abdominal wall. If the exercise brings pain and discomfort in the abdomen, it should be postponed for a week.

Regarding the restoration of the muscle corset, especially transverse muscle abdomen after laparotomy, then I would recommend starting classes strictly with a physical therapy doctor or medical fitness instructor. The deep muscles of the abdomen and pelvis are primarily subject to restoration. On your own or on group classes such a result is practically unattainable.

Separately, I would like to dwell on recovery after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. The fact that they were "lifted back" surgically, does not mean that they will not go down again. Physical rehabilitation is definitely needed, and this is not just Kegel exercises, the physiology of which, as a gynecologist and osteopath, I question greatly.

After such operations it is not necessary jewelry work to strengthen the short pelvic muscles, adductor muscles of the thigh and everything abdominals. Only then will the effect of the operation last for years.

What awaits you after heart surgery? What loads are permissible and when? How will the return to normal life? What should you pay attention to in the hospital and at home? When can you return to a full sex life, and when can you wash your car yourself? What and when can you eat and drink? What medications should I take?

All answers are in this article.

After heart surgery, you may feel like you've been given another chance—a new lease on life. You may think that you will be able to make the most of your “new life” and make the most of the results of the operation. If you have had surgery coronary bypass surgery, it is important to think about lifestyle changes, for example, losing an extra 5 kilograms or starting regular physical exercise. This should be taken seriously and you should talk to your doctor about your risk factors. There are books about health and cardiovascular diseases, they should be the guides of your new life. The days ahead will not always be easy. But you must move forward steadily towards recuperation and recovery.

In the hospital

In the inpatient department, your activity will increase every day. In addition to sitting on a chair, walking around the ward and in the hall will be added. Deep breathing to cleanse the lungs, and exercises for the arms and legs should continue.

Your doctor may recommend wearing elastic stockings or bandages. They help blood return from the legs to the heart, thereby reducing swelling of the legs and feet. If for coronary artery bypass grafting was used femoral vein, slight swelling of the legs recovery period- a completely normal phenomenon. Raising your leg, especially when you are sitting, helps lymphatic and venous blood flow and reduces swelling. When lying down, you should take off your elastic stockings 2-3 times for 20-30 minutes.
If you get tired easily, taking frequent breaks from activity is part of recovery. Feel free to remind your family and friends to keep visits short.
Possible muscle pain and brief pain or itching in the wound area. Laughter or blowing your nose can cause short-term but noticeable discomfort. Rest assured - your sternum is sewn very securely. Pressing a pillow to your chest can help reduce this discomfort; use it when you cough. Don't hesitate to ask for painkillers when you need them.

You may sweat at night, even though your temperature will be normal. These night sweats are normal for up to two weeks after surgery.
Possible pericarditis - inflammation of the pericardial sac. You may feel pain in your chest, shoulders, or neck. Typically, your doctor will prescribe you aspirin or indomethacin for treatment.

In some patients it is impaired heartbeat. If this happens, you will have to take medication for a while until the rhythm is restored.

In patients after surgery open heart Mood swings are common. You may be in a joyful mood immediately after surgery, but during the recovery period you may become sad and irritable. Sad mood, explosions of irritability cause anxiety in patients and loved ones. If emotions become a problem for you, talk to your nurse or doctor about it. It has been established that mood swings are a normal reaction, even if they continue for several weeks after discharge. Sometimes patients complain of changes in mental activity - it is harder for them to concentrate, their memory weakens, and their attention is distracted. Don't worry - these are temporary changes and should disappear within a couple of weeks.

At home. What to expect?

You are usually discharged from the hospital on the 10-12th day after surgery. If you live more than an hour's drive from the hospital, take breaks every hour while traveling and get out of the car to stretch your legs. Prolonged sitting impairs blood circulation.

Although your recovery in the hospital was probably fairly rapid, your recovery at home will be slower. It usually takes 2-3 months to fully return to normal activity. The first few weeks at home can be challenging for your family too. Your loved ones are not used to the fact that you are “sick”; they have become impatient, and your mood may fluctuate. Everyone needs to try to make this period go as smoothly as possible. It will be much easier to cope with the situation if you and your family can openly, without reproaches or showdowns, talk about all your needs, and join forces to overcome critical moments.

Meetings with a doctor

It is necessary that you be observed by your regular attending physician (general practitioner or cardiologist). Perhaps the surgeon will also want to meet with you after discharge after one or two weeks. Your doctor will prescribe a diet and medications and determine the permissible loads. If you have any questions regarding the healing of post-surgical wounds, please contact your surgeon. Before you leave, find out where to go if you have any possible situations. See your doctor immediately after discharge.

Diet

Because you may initially experience a loss of appetite, and good food It has important While your wounds are healing, you may be discharged home on an ad libitum diet. After 1-2 months, you will most likely be advised to eat a diet low in fat, cholesterol, sugar or salt. If you are overweight, calories will be limited. For most heart diseases, a quality diet limits cholesterol, animal fats, and foods containing high content Sahara. It is advisable to eat foods high in carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits, sprouted grains), fiber and healthy vegetable oil.

Anemia

Anemia (anemia) common condition after any surgical intervention. It can be eliminated, at least partially, by eating foods rich in iron, such as spinach, raisins or lean red meat (the latter in moderation). Your doctor may recommend taking iron tablets. This medicine can sometimes irritate your stomach, so it's best to take it with food. Please note that this may discolor the stool. dark color and cause constipation. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits and you will avoid constipation. But if constipation becomes persistent, ask your doctor to help with medications.

Wound and muscle pain

Discomfort due to pain in the postoperative wound and muscles may persist for some time. Sometimes pain-relieving ointments help if you massage the muscles with them. The ointment should not be applied to healing wounds. If you feel clicking movements of the sternum, notify your surgeon. Itching in the area of a healing wound is caused by hair regrowth. If your doctor allows it, a moisturizing lotion will help in this situation.

Contact your doctor if you notice the following symptoms of infection:

temperature above 38°C (or less, but lasting more than a week),

wetting or discharge of fluid from postoperative wounds, persistent or new appearance of swelling, redness in the area of the postoperative wound.

Shower

If the wounds are healing, there are no open spots or getting wet, you can decide to shower 1-2 weeks after the operation. Use plain warm soapy water to clean the wounds. Avoid bubble baths that are very hot and very cold water. When you wash for the first time, it is advisable to sit on a chair while showering. Using a gentle touch (not wiping, but blotting), dry surgical wounds with a soft towel. For a couple of weeks, try to have someone nearby when you bathe or shower.

General guidelines for home practice

Gradually increase your activity every day, week and month. Listen to what your body is saying; rest if you are tired or have shortness of breath or feel chest pain. Discuss the instructions with your doctor and consider any comments or changes made.

If prescribed, continue to wear elastic stockings, but remove them at night.

Schedule rest periods throughout the day and get a good night's sleep.

If you are having trouble sleeping, it may be due to your inability to get comfortable in bed. Taking a painkiller pill at night will help you rest.

Continue training your arms.

Shower if the wounds are healing normally and there are no weeping or open areas on the wound. Avoid very cold and very hot water.

First week at home

Walk on level ground 2-3 times a day. Start with the same time and distance as in last days in the hospital. Increase your distance and time, even if you have to stop for a short rest a couple of times. You can do 150-300 meters.

Take these walks at the most convenient time of day (this also depends on the weather), but always before meals.

Choose a quiet, non-tiring activity: draw, read, play cards or do crossword puzzles. Active mental activity beneficial for you. Try walking up and down the stairs, but don't do it frequently.

Travel with someone for a short distance in a car.

Second week at home

Lift and carry light objects (less than 5 kg) for short distances. Distribute the weight evenly on both hands.

Gradually return to sexual activity.

Do something easy homework: Wipe dust, set the table, wash dishes, or assist with food preparation while seated.

Increase your walking to 600-700 meters.

Third week at home

Do household chores and yard work, but avoid strain and long periods of bending or working with your arms raised.

Start walking longer distances - up to 800-900 meters.

Accompany others on short shopping trips by car.

Fourth week at home

Gradually increase your walks to 1 km per day.

Lift items up to 7 kg. Load both hands equally.

If your doctor allows, start driving for short distances yourself.

Do daily activities such as sweeping, briefly vacuuming, washing the car, cooking.

Fifth - eighth week at home

At the end of the sixth week, the sternum should have healed. Continue to continually increase your activity. Your doctor will order a stress test approximately six to eight weeks after surgery. This test will establish adaptation to stress and will serve as a basis for determining the extent of the increase in activity. If there are no contraindications and your doctor agrees, you can:

Continue to increase your walking distance and speed.

Lift things up to 10 kg. Load both hands equally.

Play tennis, swim. Tackle the lawn, weed, and shovel in the garden.

Move furniture (light objects), drive a car over longer distances.

Return to work (part-time) if it does not involve heavy physical labor.

At the end of the second month, you will probably be able to do everything you did before the operation.

If you were working before surgery but have not returned yet, now is the time to do so. Of course, it all depends on your physical condition and type of work. If the work is sedentary, you can return to it faster than heavy physical work. A second stress test may be performed three months after surgery.

Sex after surgery

Patients often wonder how the surgery will affect sexual relations and are reassured to learn that most people gradually return to their previous sexual activity. It is recommended to start small - hugs, kisses, touches. Transition to a full sex life only when you stop being afraid of physical discomfort.

Sexual intercourse is possible 2-3 weeks after surgery, when you are able to walk 300 meters at an average speed or climb one floor of stairs without chest pain, shortness of breath or weakness. The heart rate and energy expenditure during these activities are comparable to the energy expenditure during sexual intercourse. Certain positions (such as on your side) may be more comfortable at first (until the wounds and sternum are completely healed). It is important to rest well and be in a comfortable position. For sexual activity, it is recommended to avoid the following situations:

Being overly tired or excited;

Have sex after drinking more than 50-100 grams of strong alcoholic drink;

Overload with food during the last 2 hours before the act;

Stop if chest pain occurs. Some shortness of breath is normal during sexual intercourse.

Taking medications

Many patients after surgery need drug treatment. Take medications only as prescribed by your doctor and never stop taking them without consulting your doctor. If you forget to take a pill today, don't take two at once tomorrow. It is worth keeping a medication schedule and marking each dose on it. You should know the following about each of the prescribed medications: name of the drug, purpose of action, dose, when and how to take it, possible side effects.
Keep each medicine in its container and out of the reach of children. Do not share medications with other people because they may be harmful to them. It is recommended that you carry a list of your medications with you in your wallet at all times. This will come in handy if you go to a new doctor, get injured in an accident, or pass out outside your home.

Medicines to prevent blood clots (blood clots)

Antiplatelet agents

These bad cholesterol-lowering pills can reduce triglycerides and increase good cholesterol. Should be taken after dinner.

Eat fruits and vegetables more often. Try to always have them at hand (in the car, at your desk).

Eat lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables with every meal.

Try adding one new vegetable or fruit each week.

For breakfast, eat porridge with bran (for example, oatmeal) or dry breakfast (muesli, cereal).

At least twice a week, eat sea fish for lunch.

Use vegetable oil, preferably olive.

Instead of ice cream, eat frozen kefir yogurt or juice.

For salads, use diet dressings and diet mayonnaise.

Instead of salt, use garlic, herbal or vegetable spices.

Watch your weight. If yours is high, try to reduce it, but no more than 500-700 grams per week.

More movement!

Monitor your cholesterol levels.

Only positive emotions!

The rehabilitation process takes from 3 months to 1 year after surgery, depending on its complexity. After 6 months, patients are recommended to continue exercising on rehabilitation equipment under the supervision of a physical therapy doctor or instructor in order to prevent hernia recurrence intervertebral disc, for which a set of exercises is individually selected to create a muscle corset and improve blood circulation in problem areas.

The recovery period takes place under the supervision of a neurologist, who prescribes a course drug therapy, recommends consultation with other specialists for more effective treatment.

Early rehabilitation period(from 1 to 3 months).

Do not sit for 3-6 weeks after surgery (depending on the severity of the operation).
Do not make sudden and deep movements in the spine, bending forward, to the sides, twisting movements in lumbar region spine for 1-2 months after surgery.
Do not drive or ride in public transport in a sitting position for 2-3 months after surgery (you can ride as a passenger, reclining, with the seat unfolded).
Do not lift more than 3-5 kilograms for 3 months.
For 3 months after the operation, you should not ride a bicycle or engage in team sports (football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, etc.).
Periodically unload the spine (rest in a lying position for 20-30 minutes during the day).
Wearing a postoperative corset no more than 3 hours a day.
It is advisable not to smoke or drink alcohol during the entire rehabilitation period. Intimate life not contraindicated.

Rehabilitation:

As soon as the patient is allowed to walk, he should consult with a physical therapy doctor regarding the timing of the appointment and the complex physical therapy, which depend on the volume and nature of the surgical intervention, as well as postoperative complications. A month after the uncomplicated operation, classes are indicated in the gym (not in the gym!) under the supervision of a physical therapy doctor, without deadlifts. Swimming on your stomach is beneficial.

A month after the operation, in uncomplicated cases, you can begin to work (the issue of timing and specific work performed is decided in each case individually with the attending physician).

Late rehabilitation period (3-6 months).

It is not recommended to lift more than 5-8 kilograms, especially without warming up and warming up the back muscles, jumping from heights, or long car trips.
When going outside in bad weather: wind, rain, low temperature, it is advisable to wear a warming belt on the lumbar area.
Wearing a corset, especially long-term, is not recommended to avoid atrophy of the long back muscles.

Rehabilitation:

During this period, you can carefully, under the supervision of a physical therapy doctor, begin the formation of a muscle corset by doing exercises to strengthen the back muscles.

Healthy lifestyle, quit smoking, regular classes in the gym, swimming, sauna, and limiting weight lifting significantly reduce the risk of developing intervertebral disc herniations.

To prevent back pain, you should avoid: stress, hypothermia, prolonged monotonous work in a forced position, heavy lifting, sudden movements on cold, unheated muscles, overweight bodies.

In addition, at any stage of rehabilitation you can include in the complex rehabilitation activities acupuncture and physiotherapy.

Recommended set of exercises (one month after surgery)

Initially, do 1 to 5 repetitions of the exercises 2 times a day, working up to 10 repetitions of each exercise 2 times a day.
Perform the exercises smoothly and slowly, without sudden movements. If you feel discomfort while doing this or painful sensations, then don't do this exercise for a while. If such sensations become persistent, you should consult a doctor.
The intensity of the load depends on your well-being. As soon as pain appears, reduce the intensity of exercise.

Exercise 1. Lie on your back. Slowly bend your knees and press them to your chest, feeling the tension in your gluteal muscles. Relax your gluteal muscles. Keep your legs bent for 45-60 seconds, then slowly straighten them.

Exercise 2. Lie on your back, bend your knees, arms on the floor in different directions. Raise your pelvis above the floor and hold for 10-15 seconds. Increase the holding time to 60 seconds.

Exercise 3. Lie on your back, hands behind your head, legs bent at the knees. Turn your legs alternately, first to the right, then to left side touching the floor with your knee; the upper body remains in horizontal position. Hold your legs in the rotated position for up to 60 seconds.

Exercise 4. Lie on your back, bend your knees, cross your arms over your chest, press your chin to your chest. Tightening your abdominal muscles, bend forward and hold this position for 10 seconds, then relax. Repeat 10 to 15 times, gradually increasing the number of repetitions.

Exercise 5. Starting position on your hands and legs bent at the knees. Simultaneously left leg And right hand pull horizontally and lock in this position for 10 to 60 seconds. Repeat, raising your right arm and left leg.

Exercise 6. Starting position: lying on your stomach, arms bent in elbow joints, lie near the head. Straighten your arms and raise top part body and head up, bending in lumbar region, while keeping your hips off the floor. Hold this position for 10 seconds. Get down on the floor and relax.

Exercise 7. Starting position: lying on your stomach, hands under the chin. Slowly, low, lift your straight leg up without lifting your pelvis from the floor. Slowly lower your leg and repeat with the other leg.

Exercise 8. Starting position: stand on one leg, the other straightened, place it on a chair. Leaning forward, bend the leg lying on the chair at the knee and hold this position for 30-45 seconds. Straighten up and return to the starting position.

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the female reproductive organ. This operation is very common in gynecology. The uterus is removed in cases where all other treatment methods have been ineffective. Sometimes the uterus is removed along with fallopian tubes and ovaries. The postoperative period is important stage treatment of a woman, which may be accompanied by the development of complications, so it requires a professional approach.

Surgery to remove the uterus is quite common, which is carried out at very serious illnesses threatening a woman's health. According to statistics, about a third of all women who have reached the age of 40 are forced to resort to such a procedure.

Trauma occurs with any surgical procedure. varying degrees severity that is associated with damage to tissues and blood vessels. After a hysterectomy, damage also remains, and it takes time for the tissue to fully recover. Duration postoperative rehabilitation depends on the severity of the disease, type of operation and postoperative complications.

More often removal of the uterus is indicated in the following cases X:

Depending on the severity of the disease carry out the following types operations:

removal of the uterus only;
removal of the uterus and cervix (total extirpation);
removal of the uterus with appendages and lymph nodes located nearby (radical panhysterectomy).

How severe the trauma will be depends not only on the type of operation, but also on the method of its implementation. The most radical is the abdominal technology, in which the walls of the peritoneum are cut, and another method is vaginal method with an incision made in the vagina. The least traumatic way is to remove the uterus laparoscopic method. In this case, a special laparoscope is used, which makes a very small incision. After laparoscopic surgery, complications are not so dangerous.

How long do you stay in hospital after a hysterectomy? It depends on the type of operation. After laparoscopy, the patient can be discharged The next day. If abdominal surgery was performed, the patient can go home after 2 to 3 days.

Principles of rehabilitation

Recovery after surgery is divided into early and late stage. The early stage is carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of a doctor. Its duration depends on the consequences that occurred after surgery. Early stage of recovery after abdominal surgery usually lasts 9–12 days, after which the doctor removes the stitches and the patient is discharged. After laparoscopy, early rehabilitation is reduced to 3.5 – 4 days.

Main tasks early stage of rehabilitation are:

relief from pain syndrome;
elimination of bleeding;
prevention of dysfunction of internal organs;
avoiding infection of the affected area.

The late stage of rehabilitation is carried out at home. If complications do not develop after the operation, then recovery takes 28–32 days, and in case of complications it is extended to 42–46 days. This stage is characterized full restoration tissues, strengthening the immune system, improving general condition, normalization psychological state, full restoration of functionality.

What measures are taken immediately after surgery?

On the first day after surgery doctors are taking measures to eliminate painful symptoms, prevent complications from developing and inflammatory processes to exclude blood loss from internal bleeding and prevent the spread of infection. This period is very important early stage rehabilitation.

Key activities include specific activities.

Anesthesia. After the operation, the woman experiences natural pain in the inside and lower abdomen. To relieve pain, potent medications are prescribed.

Activation of organ functions. In this case, measures are taken to normalize blood circulation and stimulate the intestines. If such a need arises, then Proserpine is administered by injection to activate intestinal functions.

Diet. After surgery to remove the uterus and appendages, it is very important that normal intestinal motility is restored. The menu should consist of broths, drinks, pureed foods. If spontaneous defecation occurs at the end of the first day, it means that the event was carried out correctly.

Immediately after the operation the following drug therapy:

antibiotics to prevent infection;
anticoagulants to prevent the formation of blood clots in blood vessels;
infusion effect carried out using intravenous droppers to restore blood volume and normalize blood circulation.

Complications during early rehabilitation

The first stage of rehabilitation may be accompanied by the following complications after hysterectomy:

How to recover after surgery? It is very important to prevent infection in the first 1–3 days. If this happens, the temperature rises to 38.5 degrees. To eliminate the risk of infection, the doctor prescribes antibiotics and carries out antiseptic treatment seam area.

Activities for late rehabilitation

After the woman is discharged from the hospital, her recovery from the hysterectomy continues. The late stage of rehabilitation allows the body to fully recover. Must the following actions are carried out:

It is very important to organize proper nutrition after removal of the uterus. A woman should not “push” and strain her abdominal muscles, so it is recommended to reduce the load on the intestines, trying not to eat aggressive and difficult-to-digest foods. The diet should be such that a laxative effect occurs.

Diet after hysterectomy includes the following approved products:

crumbly porridge;
green tea;
vegetable oil;
fresh vegetables and fruits (except grapes and pomegranates);
mashed boiled vegetables;
low-fat fermented milk products;
boiled meat.

Diet after hysterectomy surgery prohibits the following dishes and products:

A diet after surgery should only be prescribed by a doctor.

Consequences

After extirpation of the uterus along with the ovaries, the location of many pelvic organs begins to change. This rearrangement negatively affects the health of the intestines and bladder.

Consequences after removal of the uterus for the intestines and bladder:

constipation;
the appearance of hemorrhoids;
pain in the lower abdomen;
difficulty going to the toilet;
frequent urge to urinate without producing enough urine;
urinary incontinence;
problems with urine output that occur due to compression of the bladder.

After operation the patient may experience the development of vascular atherosclerosis, and a woman can also gain excess weight. Lymphostasis of the extremities often develops during surgery. To prevent this from happening, the lymph nodes are removed during the removal of the uterus, ovaries and appendages. Amputation of the uterus and ovaries ends in premature menopause. The body begins to rebuild itself because a lack of estrogen leads to irreversible changes. Hot flashes appear very often.

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The need for general anesthesia during surgery is obvious. However, this effect on the body does not pass without leaving a trace and can be accompanied by complications of varying severity. In each case, the speed of recovery after surgery depends not only on the doctors, but also on the patient himself. undergone surgery. To ensure that the effects of anesthesia do not have long-term and negative influence, you should pay attention to nutrition. The patient needs to remember that no matter how well he feels, he should only eat and drink what the doctor allows.

After surgery, you must listen to the doctor’s recommendations and follow a diet.

After the operation, which was performed under general anesthesia, the human body is restored based on factors such as age, type of operation, heredity, general indicators health conditions, availability chronic diseases. So, if the surgical intervention was long and complex, then, consequently, the patient was in an unconscious state for a long time. In every case anesthetic drugs or their combination, as well as the dose and method of anesthesia are selected strictly individually. Therefore, food in postoperative period may have varying degrees restrictions for different patients.

A diet after surgery is needed because patients often develop acute shortage vitamins, protein, as well as dehydration and a tendency to acidosis. Following recommendations regarding what you can eat and drink in the first few hours and even days after general anesthesia will provide the body with important metabolic adjustments.

Thanks to a reasonable approach to the issue of nutrition, the patient’s body receives the energy necessary for healing the wound (surgical) and as much nutrients, as much as is needed for his physiological needs. If the surgical intervention involved the organs of the esophagus or intestines, a more strict and gentle diet is prescribed.

The body needs healthy food to restore itself.

In any case, the first days after anesthesia, it is strictly forbidden to consume such foods as:

whole milk;
drinks containing gas;
vegetable fiber;
concentrated syrups with sugar.

Nutrition Features

During surgery on the esophagus, stomach or intestines, you should not drink water or eat food orally (by mouth) for the first 2–4 days. During this period the patient is shown isotonic solution NaCl (sodium chloride) and glucose solution (5%), "tube feeding" can be used. After this period, the patient is shown a gentle diet, which gradually becomes stricter:

at first only liquid food (2-4 days);
then semi-liquid dishes are introduced into the diet;
pureed food is gradually being introduced.

Immediately after surgery, the patient is allowed only liquid food

After general anesthesia, a diet is required, even if the operation was simple and lasted less than half an hour. If the anesthesiologist has not prescribed stricter nutrition, you can drink water no earlier than an hour after anesthesia. At first, the patient is allowed to take only a few sips of clean, plain water. Water must be filtered, bottled or boiled and must be room temperature. If fluid tolerance is good, the amount of water drunk at one time is gradually increased. 5 hours after anesthesia, in the absence of nausea, vomiting, or bloating, you can eat light food.

After surgery, unless otherwise recommended by the attending physician, the following diet is allowed:

white meat poultry broths (turkey, chicken);
low-fat pureed soups;
jelly;
low-fat yoghurts;
mousses;
boiled rice porridge.

After anesthesia, you can eat and drink only in small portions, but often (up to 7 times a day). The doctor decides how long the patient should adhere to a gentle diet, based on the complexity of the operation and the nature of the digestive system sick.

Recovery after anesthesia

After surgery, with a decrease in the effect of anesthetics, the body gradually restores its functions. Some patients recover from anesthesia easily, without discomfort and disorientation, while others experience pain of varying intensity, nausea and confusion. It is impossible to predict how the patient will feel after the operation, so in each case the choice of diet is individual.

The duration and severity of the diet depends on the human body

Side effects of anesthesia sometimes persist for a long time even with mild forms of surgery. However, the patient needs to drink fluids and eat, as the body needs nutrients for recovery. At first, you can receive support artificially (through a probe or IV), but the faster the patient begins to eat on his own, the faster his brain begins to positively tune in to recovery. Therefore, in the absence of other recommendations, no later than 2 hours after emerging from anesthesia, you should take a few sips of water.

You can drink water in the first hours after surgery in small portions at intervals of 20-30 minutes. If the water is well tolerated, even if there is some discomfort, you can eat a spoonful of broth. When recovering from anesthesia, muscle control and even coordination of movements are often uncontrollable during the first day, so the patient requires constant monitoring and care. Health workers should be with the patient 24 hours a day to provide care and feeding.

In some cases, the patient's relatives can care for him after anesthesia. The decision about this is made by the attending physician. However, the patient’s relatives are strictly forbidden to give him liquids to drink or eat anything without the doctor’s permission.

Solid food after anesthesia

Food products such as meat, mushrooms, fish, vegetables in a wide range are necessary for everyone to the human body for full functioning. Introduce them into the diet of a patient who has had surgery General anesthesia is required. This should be done as carefully and individually as possible. Each patient is a special case and requires a competent approach and support from specialists, both before and after the operation.

At the end of the first week after surgery, you can try introducing solid foods into your diet.

Already during the first week after surgery, most patients are recommended to gradually introduce solid food into the diet, the amount of which can initially be limited to 30-50 g per day. Expanding your diet helps normalize your work gastrointestinal tract. On the psychological side, a patient who can calmly chew, for example, a piece of boiled fish or meat, in the absence of nausea and vomiting, as well as problems with peristalsis, begins to better believe in his recovery.

The main rule for all people who have recently undergone complete anesthesia is frequent meals in small portions. In addition, during the first weeks after anesthesia, it is strictly forbidden to eat fried, spicy, salty, smoked food and canned food. All food and drink must be freshly prepared and warm.