Is a diagnosis of motor syndrome made? Movement disorder syndrome in children: symptoms and treatment

Syndrome motor disorders in an infant or cerebral palsy - this is not one disease, as many people think. This is a complex of diseases that have something in common: brain damage and dysfunction nervous system child.

Signs of these diseases appear in infancy.

The part of the brain that is responsible for muscle movements is affected. Therefore, sick children have difficulty coping with purposeful movements, cannot coordinate them well, and are significantly behind their peers in physical development. They often have hearing difficulties.

All problems in combination provoke the main one - lag mental development and inferiority of intelligence. Despite the fact that in some children the symptoms are very pronounced, while in others, on the contrary, they are very weak, it is necessary to identify them.

The fact is that this disease does not progress: that is, when integrated approach The results of treatment can be very impressive.

What causes movement disorder syndrome?

The causes of this disease still remain not entirely clear to doctors. It is known that in approximately 80% of cases, disorders appear at the stage of intrauterine development. A chronic diseases and other reasons manifest themselves later.

The main reason occurrence of cerebral palsy, as already mentioned, this is a violation of brain activity. But why it is violated is more complicated. Doctors have so far identified about 400 reasons for this danger. But usually a newborn with SDN is born due to oxygen starvation.

It is because of hypoxia that brain cells responsible for various muscle processes.
In addition to hypoxia, there are several other main reasons that provoke this terrible childhood illness.

Among them:

• poisoning of the mother during pregnancy (not only chemical, but also food);
• chromosomal disorders;
• infectious diseases (in infants or children 3 months and older);
• birth injuries;
• X-ray irradiation.

Stages of disease development

Cerebral palsy develops in steps and gradually passes through three stages of its development. Signs of cerebral palsy can be seen as early as early stage– in infants up to 4-5 months of age. If a baby does not turn his head at 3-4 months, this is warning sign and a reason to contact a pediatrician. It is muscle tone disorders that are the first sign of the disease.

If the baby does not want to reach for toys at all and suffers from seizures (which parents often mistake for excessive motor activity), then you need to go to the doctor as soon as possible.
At stage 2, the signs become more noticeable.

In the period from 5 months to 2-3 years, the baby must master many movements. At this time, it is important for parents to observe not only what he does, but also how it happens.

Children with cerebral palsy develop unevenly - for example, if their peers are holding their heads at 8-10 months, they cannot do this, but they can try to sit up or turn around. Or, on the contrary, they sit only with support, but try to walk and stand, and the posture is often unnatural.

On late stage(that is, after 3 years), skeletal deformation has already begun, which will be incredibly difficult to combat. By this point, problems with hearing and vision, speech, mental and mental development in general are already obvious.

Uncomplicated symptoms

Sometimes with the task of identifying true symptoms Even a specialist can’t cope right away, because the first signs are very similar, for example, to rickets.

But for the most part they are pretty obvious:

• an infant may be lethargic and have difficulty sleeping;
• often look at one point, which is generally not typical for newborns;
• suffer from convulsive twitching and shuddering. At the same time, he cannot spread his legs not only on his own, but even with the help of his mother;
• The head practically does not turn.

A very common sign is when a child presses one arm tightly to the body and moves only the other. Often there is also complete relaxation or complete tension of the body - this is how muscle disorders manifest themselves most clearly.

You should also know that the signs of the disease differ depending on the form that the baby suffers from.

Little's disease or diplegia

With this form, the legs suffer the most. The arms can even retain full mobility. It is not difficult to notice: the child moves quite normally, but at the same time “drags” his legs. He begins to walk much later than his peers.

Spastic hemiplegia

It is dangerous because it is practically invisible in newborns, since only one half of the body suffers from it. Double hemiplegia develops quite rarely, but it is impossible not to notice: even the swallowing function is impaired in children affected by it.

They also cannot crawl and, of course, stand and walk due to damage to all limbs at once. Often they do not develop speech and have very severe mental retardation.

Atonic-astatic form

This is the most severe form, in which the sick child is practically motionless. With age, he almost always becomes oligophrenic. The psyche of such children is extremely unstable.

Diagnostics

Only a doctor can make or refute a diagnosis, using not only the history of the mother’s pregnancy and the first days of the baby’s life, but also laboratory tests, Ultrasound, MRI and encephalography of the brain.

Often parents whose children are diagnosed with cerebral palsy begin to worry that it will shorten their life. In fact, such a baby will grow up and live a long time, but if light form, then it is completely complete. It is important to start treatment on time and not neglect even the simplest opportunity to improve the situation.

Therapy for cerebral palsy

Parents must realize: there will be no stops on this path, because the first of them will lead to a deterioration in the baby’s condition, and getting back on track will be more and more difficult each time. What makes me happy is that the right approach Many children manage to experience the joy of a fulfilling life.

It is best if the disorder is detected in a newborn - during this period baby brain has the ability to recover. But even if everything happened a little later, for example, at 2-3 months from birth, the situation can be smoothed out as much as possible - with the help of drugs that reduce intracranial pressure, as well as the addition of vitamin B, which will activate brain processes. Other special means are also used as prescribed by the doctor.

Another one important role is given to physical therapy and special massage. Suffering cerebral palsy child must persistently learn to do what ordinary children learn by instinct.

And here the patience and perseverance of parents play a decisive role. If they manage to work with the child correctly and daily, then he will be able to do everything that healthy children do, just a little later.

IN last years Many devices have been invented to help parents. For example, exoskeletons. It is also worth using long-proven balneotherapy and mud therapy. You can give your child the opportunity to communicate with dolphins and horses more often.

Timely diagnosis of movement disorder syndrome allows for earlier treatment. And since cerebral palsy does not progress, it is possible to save more of the baby’s motor functions, giving him hope for a normal, long and happy life.

Often in medical records newborn children can see the abbreviation PEP, which frightens young mothers. The term itself perinatal encephalopathy" was proposed in 1976 and comes from four Greek words: the prefix "peri" - located near, at something, "natus" - birth, "pathos" - disease and "enkefalos" - brain.

The perinatal period is the time from the 28th week of pregnancy until the seventh day after birth (up to the 28th day in premature babies), and encephalopathy is the term that means various pathologies brain.

Thus, PEP is a kind of collective diagnosis to designate neurological disorders in newborns, and the specific symptoms, causes and severity of this condition may vary.

IN international classification There are different types of encephalopathy, their names indicate the cause of the disease (for example, hypoxic or diabetic encephalopathy), but there is no perinatal form, since this term only indicates the time interval for the appearance of disorders.

In recent years, domestic pediatric neurologists are also increasingly using other diagnoses, for example, perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

The prenatal development of the brain and nervous system as a whole is influenced by various unfavorable factors, in particular maternal health and condition environment.

Complications can also occur during childbirth.

1. Hypoxia. When a child in the womb or during childbirth lacks oxygen, all body systems suffer, but primarily the brain. The cause of hypoxia can be chronic diseases of the mother, infections, incompatibility by blood group or Rh factor, age, bad habits, polyhydramnios, malformations, unsuccessful pregnancy, unsuccessful childbirth and many others.
2. Birth injury, causing hypoxic or mechanical injuries(fractures, deformations, hemorrhages). The following can cause injury: weak labor, quick birth, poor fetal position or obstetrician error.
3. Toxic lesions. This group of reasons is associated with bad habits and taken during pregnancy toxic substances(alcohol, drugs, some medicines), as well as environmental influences (radiation, industrial waste in air and water, heavy metal salts).
4. Maternal infections– acute and chronic. The greatest danger is posed by infection of a woman while carrying a child, since in this case the risk of infection of the fetus is very high. For example, toxoplasmosis, herpes, rubella, and syphilis rarely cause symptoms in the fetus infectious disease, but cause serious disturbances in the development of the brain and other organs.
5. Developmental and metabolic disorders. These can be congenital diseases of both mother and child, prematurity of the fetus, and developmental defects. Often cause of PEP is severe in the first months of pregnancy or gestosis in the last.

The above factors can cause various types of disease. The most common are the following:

• hemorrhagic form, caused by bleeding in the brain;
• ischemic, caused by problems with blood supply and oxygen supply to brain tissue;
• dysmetabolic is a pathology of metabolism in tissues.

Symptoms and prognosis

Immediately after birth, the child’s well-being is assessed using a ten-point Apgar scale, which takes into account heartbeat, breathing parameters, muscle tone, skin color, and reflexes. Scores of 8/9 and 7/8 are given to healthy newborns without signs of perinatal encephalopathy.

According to research, the severity and prognosis of the disease can be correlated with the scores obtained:

• 6–7 points – mild degree violations, in 96–100% of cases restoration is unnecessary drug treatment and without further consequences;
• 4–5 points – average degree, in 20–30% of cases leads to pathologies of the nervous system;
• 0–3 points – severe, most often leading to serious impairment of brain function.

Doctors distinguish three stages of encephalopathy - acute (during the first month of life), recovery (up to six months), late recovery (up to 2 years) and the period of residual effects.

Neonatologists and obstetricians speak of encephalopathy if a child under the age of one month has the following syndromes:

1. Nervous system depression syndrome. Characterized by lethargy, decreased muscle tone, reflexes, and consciousness. Occurs in children with average degree severity of the disease.
2. Comatose syndrome. The child is lethargic, sometimes to such an extent that there is no physical activity. Cardiac activity and breathing are inhibited. Basic reflexes (searching, sucking, swallowing) are absent. This syndrome occurs as a result of hemorrhage, birth asphyxia, or cerebral edema and leads to the need to place the child in intensive care with the connection of an artificial respiration apparatus.
3. Increased neuro-reflex excitability. Anxiety, shuddering, frequent and unreasonable crying, similar to hysterical, bad dream, arms and legs. Premature babies are more likely to have seizures, e.g. high temperature, up to development. This syndrome is observed in mild forms of PEP.
4. Convulsive syndrome. Unmotivated paroxysmal movements of the head and limbs, tension in the arms and legs, shuddering, twitching.
5. Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome. Characterized by an increase in the number cerebrospinal fluid and increase intracranial pressure. At the same time, the head circumference grows faster than normal (more than 1 cm weekly), and the size of the large fontanel also does not correspond to age. The child's sleep becomes restless, there is monotonous prolonged crying, regurgitation, throwing back of the head and bulging of the fontanelle, as well as characteristic trembling of the eyeballs.

During recovery period perinatal encephalopathy is accompanied by symptoms:

1. Convulsive syndrome.
2. Syndrome of increased neuro-reflex excitability.
3. Syndrome of vegetative-visceral changes. Due to the pathological functioning of the autonomic nervous system, the child experiences delayed weight gain, regurgitation, disturbances in breathing rhythm and thermoregulation, changes in the functioning of the stomach and intestines, and “marbling” of the skin.
4. Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome.
5. Movement impairment syndrome. Normally, up to a month old, a child’s limbs are semi-bent, but easily unbend, and then immediately return to their original position. If the muscles are flaccid or so tense that it is impossible to straighten the legs and arms, then the cause is decreased or increased tone. In addition, limb movements must be symmetrical. All this interferes with normal motor activity and purposeful movements.
6. Psychomotor development delay syndrome. Child later than normal begins to raise his head, roll over, sit, walk, smile, and so on.

About 20–30% of children diagnosed with PEP recover completely; in other cases, complications develop, depending on the severity of the disease, completeness and timeliness of treatment.

Perinatal encephalopathy can lead to the following consequences:

• attention deficit disorder;
• delayed speech and mental development, brain dysfunction;
• epilepsy;
• Cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy);
• oligophrenia;
• progressive hydrocephalus;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Diagnostics

Perinatal encephalopathy is diagnosed by a pediatrician and pediatric neurologist based on examination data, tests and examinations of the child, as well as information about pregnancy, childbirth and the health of the mother.

The most effective and modern methods diagnostics are as follows:

1. Neurosonography (NSG) – ultrasound examination brain through the fontanel to identify intracranial damage and the condition of brain tissue.
2. Electroencephalogram (EEG) – records the electrical potentials of the brain and is of particular value in diagnosing PEP with convulsive syndrome. Also, using this method, it is possible to establish the asymmetry of the brain hemispheres and the degree of delay in their development.
3. Doppler ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in the tissues of the brain and neck, narrowing or blockage of blood vessels.
4. Video monitoring. Video recording is used to establish spontaneous movements.
5. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is electrical stimulation of a nerve to determine if there is a violation of the interaction between nerves and muscles.
6. Positron emission tomography (PET), based on the introduction into the body of a radioactive tracer, which accumulates in tissues with the most intense metabolism. It is used to assess metabolism and blood flow in various departments and brain tissue.
7. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – research internal organs using magnetic fields.
8. Computed tomography (CT) is a series of x-rays used to create a complete picture of all brain tissue. This study makes it possible to clarify hypoxic disorders that are not clearly identified in NSH.

For diagnosis, NSG and EEG are the most informative and most often used. IN mandatory the child should be sent to an ophthalmologist to examine the fundus, condition optic nerves and identification of congenital disorders.

It is worth noting that, according to various sources, in Russia perinatal encephalopathy is diagnosed in 30–70% of newborns, while according to foreign research only about 5% of children actually suffer from this disease. There is overdiagnosis.

Reasons for this may include failure to comply with inspection standards (e.g. increased excitability in a child examined in a cold room strangers), attributing transient phenomena (for example, throwing up limbs) or ordinary signals of needs (crying) to pathology.

Treatment

The central nervous system of newborns is plastic, capable of development and recovery, so treatment of encephalopathy must begin as early as possible. It depends on the severity of the disease and specific symptoms.

If brain dysfunction is mild or moderate, the child remains on home treatment. In this case, use:

• individual regime, calm atmosphere in the house, balanced diet, lack of stress;
• assistance from correctional teachers, psychologists, speech therapists for alalia and dysarthria
• massage and physical therapy to normalize tone and development motor functions and coordination of movements
• physiotherapy;
• herbal medicine (various sedatives and herbs to normalize water-salt metabolism).

With pronounced motor movements, nervous disorders, delayed child development and other PEP syndromes, medications are used. The doctor prescribes medications, as well as other treatment methods, based on the manifestations of the disease:

1. For movement disorders, dibazole and galantamine are most often prescribed. At increased tone muscles - Baclofen and Mydocalm to reduce it. These drugs are introduced into the body, including through electrophoresis. Massage is also used special exercises, physiotherapy.
2. If PEP is accompanied by convulsive syndrome, the doctor prescribes anticonvulsant drugs. For seizures, physiotherapy and massage are contraindicated.
3. Delayed psychomotor development is a reason for prescribing drugs to stimulate brain activity and increase blood circulation in it. These are Actovegin, Pantogam, Nootropil and others.
4. For hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, herbal medicine is used, and in severe cases– Diacarb to accelerate the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid. Sometimes part of the cerebrospinal fluid is removed through a puncture of the fontanel.

For the treatment of PEP of any severity, B vitamins are prescribed, as they are necessary for the normal development and functioning of the nervous system. In many cases, swimming, salt baths, or herbal infusions, osteopathy.

Perinatal encephalopathy is one of the most frequent diagnoses pediatric neurologists. This is due to the fact that PEP is a collective term denoting disorders of the child’s brain function in perinatal period having various reasons including maternal health, the course of pregnancy, lack of congenital diseases, complications during childbirth, ecology and other circumstances.

Symptoms can be different, relating to disorders of the nerves, muscles, internal organs, metabolism, therefore, for an accurate diagnosis, the doctor must not only examine the child, but also collect the entire history regarding the health of the mother and father, complications during pregnancy, labor activity, as well as order additional examinations.

Movement disorder syndrome is a complex pathology of child development. It usually occurs in the prenatal period or during childbirth.

Symptoms

It is important to monitor the baby and honestly report to the doctor any abnormalities noticed. Movement disorder syndrome can be expressed in different ways. Experts distinguish three types of SDN:
— paresis (weakening of motor functions of the limbs);
- muscle hypertension and hypotension (increased or weakened muscle tone);
- disturbance of reflex activity.

Symptoms of movement disorders in a child:
- articulation disorder;
- sluggish or absent facial expressions;
- delayed visual-auditory reactions;
- a weak and monotonous cry of the baby, without changing intonation.

In general, children who suffer from SDN are physically weaker, phlegmatic and lethargic than their healthy peers. However, the syndrome can manifest itself not only from the physical side, but also from the psychological side. For example, a baby can independently pick up a toy, but he will not understand what to do with it.

Causes

Negative influence on the fetus during pregnancy - this is one of the main causes of movement disorder syndrome. Also with this disease there are injuries received during childbirth.

Treatment

If you don't start timely treatment, then this may subsequently cause more serious illnesses, up to cerebral palsy. Parents should pay attention to whether the child’s development is appropriate age standards. The complexity of treatment depends on how early or late the parents/doctor noticed the symptoms of the disease.
Today, there are a number of techniques that contribute to effective and sufficient quick treatment. As a rule, after a qualified complex treatment the symptoms of the disease are eliminated. Often, a set of measures is used for SDN:
- massage;
— physiotherapy;
- physiotherapy;
- medications;
- vitamin therapy.

Note that it is therapeutic massage that helps eliminate the symptoms of the disease and stimulates physical development child.
Don't forget that advanced stage movement disorder syndrome is cause of cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, weather dependence.

This is what I found:

Childhood movement disorder syndrome
“Motor impairment syndrome” - this diagnosis should not frighten parents. The disease manifests itself already in the first months of a child’s life, as a violation (decrease or, conversely, increase) of muscle tone, the appearance of incomprehensible motor activity. Sometimes muscles develop with different intensity on different limbs - this is also a problem. Often this disease causes a slowdown in physical and mental development.

Why is this happening? Violations of tone prevent the child from developing correct motor functions, as a result of which the child begins to crawl and walk much later, and difficulties appear in mastering speech. At normal development Children can already hold their heads up at 3-4 months, and babies who have been diagnosed with movement disorder syndrome cannot cope with this task even at 12 months. Notice the very first symptoms abnormal development must be a specialist. And the sooner this happens, the better.
It is important to detect the syndrome as early as possible

What should first alarm parents and force them to contact a specialist? These are disturbances in facial expressions, lack of a smile, weak (or absence) visual or auditory reactions. Read special literature for parents, communicate with experienced people, carefully monitor your child - this will help detect the disease as early as possible. If this could not be done and you discovered the disease quite late, for example at 7-9 months (at 8-10 months), then the situation becomes more complicated and you will need long-term and qualified assistance.

Well, this happened and you were diagnosed with “motor impairment syndrome” - you don’t need to get your hands dirty, you need to act. Every human body is individual and can resist the disease with some success. We just need to help him. Moreover, initial signs so subtle that neurologists often make such a diagnosis “just in case” so as not to waste time. After some time, this diagnosis is removed and the child grows up completely healthy.

Even if everything is fine with you, but you are prudent and want to avoid problems: schedule regular visits to a specialist, approximately once a month. After a year, visits may become less frequent, for example, once every 3 months. It is better to prevent a problem than to fight it. The main thing is that the doctor notices the symptoms of the disease in time and recommends the correct treatment.
How is movement disorder syndrome treated?

Treatment also depends on the level of intensity of the syndrome. If motor activity is reduced, drugs that stimulate neuromuscular connections are prescribed, with increased activity On the contrary, those drugs that reduce such connections. Special attention is given to nutrition: you need to give foods rich in vitamin B.

To others effective means is massage - it allows you to achieve excellent results at correct use. But the newborn’s body is still weak and it is important to find a person who specializes in baby massage, at a newborn massage. You need at least 10-15 massage sessions to see changes for the better. Before the massage, you should warm the child, especially the limbs, and after the exercise it is better to wrap them in soft woolen fabric or small felt boots for a while.
Therapeutic exercise – how to do it?

First of all, consult a specialist - he will tell you necessary exercises taking into account the specifics of your child. From general advice frequent repetition may be recommended different movements to develop a motor stereotype. Learn several new movements with your arms and legs, repeat each about 30 times. The child should not lie down and calmly watch what is happening around him. Try to somehow attract his attention, make him stretch. Stimulate your baby's motor activity.

Keep in mind that movement disorder syndrome in children is treatable, especially if it is started in a timely manner. Early treatment can help in quite complex cases, and, conversely, delay in treatment can turn an easy case into a complex one

Brr... she better play it safe.....

What diagnosis do you think is considered in the public consciousness almost a death sentence, which a priori makes treatment meaningless and the patient’s fate sad and tragic? Various problems With cardiovascular system? Oncological diseases? “Incurable” hereditary pathologies? Hardly. Such ailments, of course, can ruin the life of even the most persistent and self-confident person, but with an appropriate approach and competent treatment, the problem can be dealt with one way or another (we especially note that complete recovery in in this case no one speaks). But when cerebral palsy is detected in newborn children or infants, the world around the parents suddenly collapses to the size of a doctor’s office, who reports in a professional, absent voice terrible diagnosis. Ask how movement disorder syndrome relates to childhood cerebral palsy? That's the point, no!

Cerebral palsy, if we discard the complex and obscure for ordinary person terminology, is a complex of movement disorders caused by organic damage brain during intrauterine development. The movement disorder syndrome that we will talk about today is a much more multifaceted phenomenon. Domestic neonatologists and pediatricians tend to see its signs in any more or less noticeable deviation from abstract norms adopted back in the days of developed socialism. We will not discuss the reasons for this approach now, but we consider it our duty to once again remind you that movement disorder syndrome and cerebral palsy are (attention!) not the same thing.

Remember the characteristic passage from Sir William Shakespeare's play King Richard III, in which one of King Edward IV's brothers described his physical condition:

“I, who have neither height nor posture,

To whom is nature a fraud?

In return, she gave lameness and lopsidedness”?

Many particularly “advanced” pediatricians, when faced with characteristic clinical manifestations, make a diagnosis of “cerebral palsy”. This actually condemns children (most often newborns) to complete disability. Parents will be told that they cannot count on any effective treatment in this case, but massage, sessions physical therapy and various physiotherapeutic procedures can only slightly improve the baby’s condition. And, casually, they will recommend sending the baby to a special institution.

Movement impairment syndrome (hereinafter referred to as DSS for simplicity) is not a death sentence. Consequently, with adequate treatment, children most often make a full recovery. They may need regular massage sessions, observation by a neurologist, and minor restrictions in the future. physical activity. But this, you see, is not at all the same as cerebral palsy. And if the parents don’t give up, everything will be fine for the child.

Symptoms

Before moving directly to the manifestations of SDN, it is worth noting that none of them can be called unique. In other words, such “symptoms” can be observed even in absolutely healthy children, so there is no need to “panic” and run to the doctor after every sneeze. On the other hand, stubbornly ignoring progressive developmental delays can lead to the most tragic results (and massage alone is unlikely to help the patient). Therefore, in this issue It is necessary to show special flexibility, trying not to go to extremes. The symptoms of SDN themselves may be as follows:

• monotonous crying for no apparent reason;
• slow visual and auditory reactions to external stimuli;
• the baby picks up toys (often it takes him several attempts to do this), but does not understand well what to do with them next. In children with various disorders in development (note, we are not talking about SDN) this happens quite often;
• limited facial activity;
• obvious expression of emotions may be delayed (the first smile at 3-4 months is not that uncommon);
• incorrect articulation, due to which children experience late activation of speech zones (parents may hear the expected “ma”, “pa”, “ba” and “da” not at 6-8 months, but much later);
• labored breathing.

The opinion that fathers and mothers should closely monitor the baby and communicate more often with “colleagues” on specialized forums deserves special mention. It’s stupid to argue with the first part of this statement, but we would advise you to refrain from overly active discussion with the parents of other children. The adequacy of some regular visitors to children's forums is a big question, so do not be surprised if, for example, you are advised to treat a minor disorder or a cold loading doses antibiotics.

Stages of psychomotor development of children

• thalamopallidal (from birth to 4 months);
• striopallidal (up to 10 months): gradual decline muscle tone, increasing the number of targeted movements;
• the period of manifestation of higher cortical functions, the development of speech and complex conditioned reflexes.

Phases of development of children's motor skills

• SDA: spontaneous motor activity (from the first days of life to 8-9 weeks);
• monokinetic (2-5 months): independent control of limb movements;
• dromokinetic (5-12 months): the baby’s motor behavior becomes conscious, and any movements receive a specific goal (reach out to a toy, take this or that object);
• cratikinetic (from 12 months): final normalization of muscle tone, transition to “adult” motor skills, significant improvement in coordination of movements.

Types of movement disorders in SDN

1. Hypotonia (decreased tone) of muscles. The problem is most common in newborn babies, although serious violations can also be diagnosed in older children.

2. Muscle hypertonicity, leading to a significant decrease in motor activity. Most characteristic clinical manifestation- delay in the development of grasping ability (we already talked about this when discussing possible symptoms HAPPY BIRTHDAY). In addition, parents may notice that the child is not able to maintain balance for a long time, and if he is placed on his legs, he does not rely on the entire area of ​​​​the foot, but only on his toes. It is also worth understanding that massage for muscle hypertonicity (and it is most often prescribed by pediatricians) in itself cannot help the baby and treatment in this case must be comprehensive.

3. A child (even a fairly “adult”) one is very reluctant to accept vertical position, preferring to crawl, and when this does happen, he often falls.

4. Cerebellar syndrome. Spontaneous incoordination problems can occur from time to time in all children, but if the problem is observed much more often than the theory of probability allows, one should consider how “random” they are. After all, it is quite possible that a touching baby, who repeatedly loses his balance when walking, is seriously ill.

5. TLR (tonic labyrinthine reflex) in children. It is manifested by a whole complex of disorders, among which the following symptoms have the greatest diagnostic value:

• an “adult” child, lying on his back, is unable to sit up, stretch his arms forward or tilt his head;
• it is difficult for a baby lying on his stomach to turn onto his side or back;
• Children with SLI have a persistent reluctance to assume a sitting position.

6. SSTR (symmetrical neck-tonic reflex). Leaning on his knees, the baby cannot transfer the center of gravity to his hands. This condition is called in neurology the “pointing dog pose”: the head is tilted forward, the hands are clenched into fists, and the arms are bent. All this leads to the fact that the baby’s muscle tone in the joints of the legs increases significantly. SSTD requires qualified complex treatment (massage, exercise therapy sessions, various procedures), and the sooner it is started, the better.

Treatment

Prevention

• do not forget about the benefits of therapeutic massage, because SDN is much easier to prevent than to deal with it later;
• give your baby “complete freedom” of action, without limiting him to the narrow confines of the cradle (of course, within the limits of what is permitted);
• If possible, give your child a separate room where he, and not you, will set the rules and procedures.