Thrush is a disease that appears due to a fungal infection, in girls it most often appears due to reduced immunity, it can also occur in girls who have diabetes mellitus, dysbacteriosis, chronic diseases in the digestive organs, in case of dysfunction in thyroid gland. Often appears after taking antibiotics, after suffering stress, if she does not observe personal hygiene. It can be transmitted by the oral-genital route. No need to think girl if she don't lead sexual life she won't get thrush.
This disease does not apply to sexually transmitted diseases. Each girl has thrush individually, so the symptoms may differ, but in general they are similar to the symptoms of thrush in women.
Symptoms of thrush in girls
1. Most often, it appears before menstruation, itching and burning are observed in the genitals, most often they are very strong, while the girl is very irritable, cannot fall asleep normally. When urinating, there may be aching, nagging pain, which is localized in the lumbar region.
2. The discharge is profuse and thick, milky, yellowish-green in color, cheesy in nature, with an unpleasant and sour smell.
3. The external genital organs and the vagina often turn red.
4. If a girl has allergies, the symptoms may worsen.
5. Most often, thrush is asymptomatic.
What should a girl do with thrush?
First of all, he will turn to a gynecologist, because the symptoms of thrush resemble other diseases - mycoplasmosis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, the exact diagnosis can be established after laboratory research, take a smear from the vagina.
In no case should a girl delay a visit to a doctor and start exercising self-treatment. Because the thrush has different forms manifestations - acute, chronic. If the form is acute, then it can last up to 2 months, the chronic form of thrush in a girl is dangerous, such treatment is long-term, the symptoms do not appear so acutely, but the disease recurs quite often.
Remember that thrush is treated more than once with medications. fungal infection manifests itself over time due to the fact that the girl's body does not have a protective force. Be sure to treat thrush should be carried out in a complex.
Forms of thrush in a girl
1. Carrier of candida, symptoms of thrush do not appear, but when they conduct a vaginal examination of a girl, yeast fungi can be found. Often the carriage turns into chronic thrush, which has a number of characteristic symptoms. Thrush without symptoms and when a fungus is found is not treated.
2. Acute form of thrush. When the disease lasts more than two months. In this case, such symptoms appear - itching, redness, swelling, the appearance of white characteristic of thrush.
3. Chronic form of thrush in girls. The disease lasts more than two months, the symptoms of thrush are not acute - discharge and itching appear. Chronic thrush is put after thrush recurs more than 4 times in a year.
4. Asymptomatic course of thrush. Characteristic white discharge does not always occur with thrush. It is very difficult to distinguish discharge without analysis from the norm. With an asymptomatic course of thrush, the girl does not experience abdominal pain. It is very important for a girl to visit a gynecologist for preventive purposes.
Causes of thrush in girls
Milkmaid not only women's problem, it can often occur in girls and is a yeast infection that spreads in the vaginal area.
Thrush can most often occur during puberty. You need to understand that thrush in girls most often has a yeast nature. Therefore, it must be remembered that the sexual route does not play any role in infection with Candida fungi.
Features of the course of thrush in girls
Most often, thrush appears in girls after prolonged and uncontrolled use of antibiotics, after taking hormonal drugs, which can reduce the protective power in the girl's body, its resistance to fungal infections. That's why it's so important to take medicines inside and use them in local treatment.
Girls with a violation hormonal background With a menstrual cycle, it is very important to constantly monitor your menstrual cycle. If the vaginal mucosa is not sufficiently saturated with the hormone, an imbalance of the microflora in the vagina may occur, as well as a deficiency in lactobacilli, which prevent the appearance of thrush.
If a girl is engaged oral sex, she may have. Most often, it affects up to 50% of the mouth.
Often infection with thrush occurs when there is a violation intimate hygiene, the intestines can self-infect, and it contains yeast mushrooms at the girl. Therefore, it is very important to direct water from front to back when carrying out all necessary hygiene procedures.
The girl runs the risk of getting thrush if she sits for a long time dieting. Due to the fact that the necessary amount of vitamins for normal functioning body, go on the attack Candida yeast.
Vaginal thrush can occur in girls who suffer from it in the mouth, skin and intestines.
So, most often the symptoms of thrush in girls are not so pronounced, weak discharge may appear and they do not bother the girl. She begins to use panty liners, and this only exacerbates the disease. Therefore, it is so important for the prevention of thrush to be checked by a gynecologist twice a year, only in this way can up to 20% of the disease be detected.
The treatment of thrush in girls is complex, because thrush will become dangerous when the girl becomes a woman. It can affect internal female organs and lead to infertility. That is why it is so important to figure out the problem in advance and start treating it.
The urogenital disease got its name "thrush" because of the similarity of secretions with cottage cheese. Doctors call the pathology candidiasis, since the cause of the disease is the defeat of the genital tract by fungi of the genus Candida.
In women, the infection is activated in the vagina and causes unbearable discomfort. Let's see what causes thrush, whether men get sick with it and what symptoms it manifests.
Chronic forms of thrush with frequent recurring episodes and complications are caused by a variety of fungal flora Candida non-albicans. A recurrent disease is treated with non-traditional schemes, since the generally accepted antimycotic therapy in this case will not be effective.
How does thrush manifest itself
Candidiasis affects women, men and children. Girls who are not sexually active also get thrush. Pregnant curdled discharge bring not only discomfort, but also worry about normal development future child. In men, candidiasis is characterized by an asymptomatic course or mild symptoms.
The main symptom of thrush in women is abnormal discharge from the genital tract. At first, the vagina rejects the cloudy white mucus. Subsequently, when the disease progresses, they acquire a thick curdled consistency. Body temperature remains normal. If it rises, this indicates the connection of the infection with the inflammatory process.
Additional symptoms of thrush:
- Swelling of the vulva and labia.
- Painful urination and sex.
- Itching and burning inside the vaginal tube and on the external genitalia.
- Fouling of the genitals with white cheesy grains.
If you neglect the treatment of thrush, she will take chronic form and will give complications to the intestines, urinary system and provoke vaginal colpitis. During pregnancy, chronic candidiasis is dangerous by infection of the placenta, infection of the embryo, miscarriage early dates gestation or preterm birth.
In newborns infected with thrush from a pregnant mother, doctors detect damage to the mucous tissues of the upper respiratory tract, intestines and oral cavity. In virgins, the symptoms of candidiasis do not differ from the manifestations of the disease in women familiar with the intimate side of life.
In men, candidiasis is rare. Its signs are:
- Itching and burning in the groin.
- Pain during sex and urination.
- Redness and swelling of the foreskin.
- White cheesy coating on the head of the phallus.
The diagnosis is made by gynecologists, urologists, dermatologists and venereologists. Self-medication is unacceptable, since trichomoniasis, genital herpes, gonorrhea and gardnerellosis have identical symptoms.
Causes of the appearance of a fungal infection of the genital organs
The initial form of the disease can really be suppressed in 1-2 days. To prevent further development and recurrence of candidiasis, an accurate knowledge of the reasons why thrush appears will help.
Dietary Disorders
Passion for food that can increase the number of fungal colonies is one of the reasons why thrush can appear. Sweet and flour products disrupt the work of bifidus and lactobacilli and lead to dysbacteriosis of the vaginal and intestinal microflora.
Decrease in quantity beneficial microorganisms pleases the representatives of the opportunistic flora, and they are immediately activated. Preventing candidiasis in this case is easier than treating. It is enough to give up sweets, smoked meats, pickles, beer, kvass, muffins. Glucose-rich foods create a breeding ground for fungal agents.
Hormonal imbalance
Sudden onset of candidiasis may be associated with hormonal changes. Before menarche, with menopause, disorders menstrual cycle and in its certain periods, the fair sex notices itching, burning and strange discharge. The disease in this case provokes a surge in the hormone estrogen, which accelerates the reproduction of the fungus.
Reception oral contraceptives with their high content also changes hormonal status organism. Therefore, periodic thrush in women who prefer to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy with the help of such means, becomes commonplace. The risk of developing candidiasis is always high for women taking OCs or changing them to pills with increased dosages hormone.
Pregnancy and thrush
Many women first become infected with candidiasis or become carriers of the infection during pregnancy.
The widespread incidence of thrush in expectant mothers is due to several factors:
- Diet failure.
- Abuse of sweet and starchy foods.
- Weakened immunity.
- Imbalance of the vaginal environment with a shift in pH to the acid side.
- Increased load on the body, which has to work for two for 9 months.
Gynecologists always offer pregnant women to treat thrush, because the disease undermines the mother's immunity and creates the preconditions for infection of the child. Doctors prescribe medicines for expectant mothers only safe ones.
Violations of intimate hygiene
It has been noticed that thrush develops more often in women who prefer synthetic underwear, are fond of using tampons and panty liners, rarely wash and change hygiene products during menstruation. The "greenhouse effect" with an abundance of bacteria in the vagina and on the surface of the genitals is ideal condition for the development of candidiasis.
The wrong washing technique is also capable of provoking thrush. If a jet of water is supplied from the anus to the pubis inguinal zone, or a woman leads a soapy hand in such a direction, this leads to the ingress of harmful microbes. Fungi begin to multiply intensively with abuse hygiene products that affect the microflora of the vagina.
Incorrectly selected mechanical contraception in the form barrier methods protection comes into contact with the vaginal environment, irritates the delicate internal tissues and violates the local biocenosis. After using certain spermicides, condoms, vaginal rings and other devices that are not accepted by the body, women have to fight candida.
Diabetes
High blood sugar levels like infections. Many women in parallel with this disease are treated for candidiasis. Very dangerous fungus on the soil endocrine disruption during pregnancy, so ignore both pathological process it is forbidden.
Stress and chronic fatigue
emotional stress, constant fatigue and thrush seem, at first glance, incompatible concepts. However, doctors say that stress stimulates the production of the hormone cortisol. And continuous tension keeps his systems in constant tone and impair immunity. An exhausted body loses its resistance to infections.
Use of antibiotics
Bacterial ailments are usually treated with strong medicines such as antibiotics. Therefore, after tonsillitis, cystitis, gynecological inflammation, operations and diseases respiratory system there is an imbalance of beneficial and harmful flora with the predominance of the second group. In the vagina and in the intestines that have lost natural protection, colonies grow pathogenic microbes and fungi.
The causes of thrush we have considered require women and men to take care of their health. This is especially true for couples planning to have offspring. In pregnant women, the risk of getting candidiasis is always high than in other women. It is necessary to treat it in all cases, after receiving the advice of a specialist.
Many people know what thrush looks like in girls, since this is the most common disease among young people who are sexually active. In addition, thrush can also affect girls who do not have sexual intercourse. It is necessary to determine the causes and signs of thrush as soon as possible, and consult a doctor. In girls, self-medication can lead to serious consequences up to the inability to have children.
Main reasons
Young girls often develop pathology at the age of 16-17. The main reason is early sexual intercourse. But it also happens that girls do not have sexual intercourse, but at the same time, a symptomatic picture of thrush is detected. In this case, the cause of candidiasis lies in such factors:
- Reduced protective functions immune system. For this reason, the disease can manifest itself even in a 5-year-old girl. Immunity is also weakened in such diseases:
- HIV infection;
- diabetes;
- chronic tonsillitis;
- bronchial inflammation.
- Hormonal imbalance and changes in the microflora of the vagina. For this reason, thrush appears in adolescence or at 10 years of age, when puberty is celebrated.
- Constant stress, worries, abrupt change climate.
- Antibacterial therapy, taking corticosteroid or cytostatic drugs often provoke the development of thrush. With such therapy, dysbacteriosis develops in the intestine.
- Venereal diseases that a girl can pick up after the onset of sexual activity. Thrush develops as a result of chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis or gonorrhea.
Infection of candidiasis also occurs after a girl visits public baths, pools, or because of the abuse of sweets.
Intimate hygiene products of poor quality create a favorable environment for the development of the fungus. In addition, local causes of thrush in a girl are also distinguished:
- Improper observance of intimate hygiene.
- The use of pads with fragrances, colored toilet paper. In children under one year old, poor-quality diapers can cause thrush.
- Use of synthetic underwear.
- Application antibacterial agents when washing.
Forms of candidiasis in girls
| Form | Peculiarities |
| superficial | With thrush of this form, they are noted exclusively superficial damage oral mucosa or genital mucosa |
| Visceral | Enough severe course a disease in which the first signs appear on the genitals, and then affect the internal organs |
| Erased | Symptoms are similar to others infectious diseases, so sometimes it is problematic to recognize thrush |
| Chronic | Candidiasis is characterized by a sluggish course, the symptomatic picture is repeated several times a year. |
Symptoms of candidiasis in girls
The process of excretion of urine is accompanied painful sensations. Very rare in girls asymptomatic course candidiasis. In most cases, the symptoms of thrush in girls appear in a fairly acute form and cause great discomfort. The brightest clinical picture observed at the onset of the menstrual cycle. The girl complains about pathological signs:
- Feeling severe itching and burning in the genital area. These discomfort may be present all the time or may be physical activity, while using pads or after washing.
- Painful sensations aching character when urinating, as well as pain in the lower abdomen or in the lumbar region.
- Curdled discharge with a sharp sour smell, painted whitish or yellow.
- Edema in the genital area, perineum, the presence of plaque white-grey on the labia majora. If you try to wash off the plaque that has formed, then small lesions may appear, from which blood will come out.
If a girl is already sexually active, then with thrush, unpleasant and painful sensations will occur. This is due to the fact that during the disease, the production of vaginal secretions is reduced and the mucous membrane dries up. And also exists Great chance pass candidiasis to a guy during sexual contact.
Possible risks
The chronic course of the disease provokes a complication. If it was not possible to avoid the occurrence of thrush, then you should not delay treatment, because in this case they threaten dangerous consequences. The most common complication of candidiasis in girls is the transition of the disease to a chronic form, as a result of which pathological signs begin to bother at least 4 times a year. If chronic candidiasis is not treated on time, then the risk of developing such complications increases significantly:
- manifestation of cervicitis, in which the cervix becomes inflamed;
- development of urethritis or cystitis, which causes inflammatory processes in the urinary system;
- the occurrence of infertility (in the event that candidiasis is combined with a sexually transmitted disease).
How is the diagnosis carried out?
Before treating thrush in girls, you should complex diagnostics and find out the sources that provoked the disease. As a rule, it is not difficult for doctors to determine the presence of thrush by common features. But in order to fully to know the clinical picture of the disease, it is required to undergo the following diagnostic procedures:
- colposcopy;
- analysis of a smear from the vagina and cervix for microscopy, and bacteriological culture.
Since thrush is often accompanied venereal diseases, an additional blood test is required to detect diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse. If available chronic diseases, then the girl must undergo the following procedures:
- donate blood to determine the level of sugar;
- undergo a coprogram and pass feces for dysbacteriosis;
- undergo irrigoscopy and gastroscopy;
- take a smear from the urethra;
- execute ultrasonography urinary organs.
IN transitional age due to the changes taking place in the body, symptoms and signs of the disease often appear, which may be left without proper attention.
Therefore, it is important for every mother and young lady to know what thrush is in girls and how it manifests itself.
As a rule, before the onset of menstruation, this disease does not occur so often. But after reaching puberty, the risk of this disease increases significantly.
Thrush in girls is a common inflammatory disease genital tract, which occurs due to damage to the vaginal mucosa yeast-like fungi Candida.
The causative agent is part of a healthy vaginal microflora and is considered an opportunistic pathogen. But under certain conditions, the fungus begins to actively multiply, which leads to the occurrence of candidiasis. Most often, girls get sick, in guys, thrush is less common and has a mild clinical picture.
Factors provoking the onset of the disease
In order to prescribe an adequate and effective treatment candidiasis, as well as to avoid recurrence, it is necessary to determine the causes of its occurrence. The most common factors contributing to the development of thrush in a girl are poor personal hygiene and features physiological development adolescent organism.
The main causes of thrush include:
Also, the reasons for the appearance of thrush in a girl can be prolonged stressful conditions, heat environment, microtrauma of the vaginal mucosa, visit public places(saunas, swimming pools), etc.
Symptoms of the disease
Thrush in girls can be asymptomatic, be in the stage acute course illness or have chronic. Often the manifestation of candidiasis occurs in the premenstrual period, it can be recognized by the following signs:
The manifestation of symptoms of the disease, the occurrence of discomfort affects the psychological condition teenagers. They become irritable, emotionally unstable, sleep poorly. Such states may even end strong neurosis. But in most cases, the first signs of thrush in girls go unnoticed, and when untimely treatment, inflammation can become chronic.
How to get rid of it?
Most medicines aimed at eliminating thrush are antifungal in nature and prevent the uncontrolled reproduction of Candida fungi. Treatment is usually carried out within one or two weeks using local preparations or tablets.
In order not to start the disease, avoid negative consequences and relapses, self-medicate and contact folk medicine not worth it. Recovery in this case will be difficult to achieve, it can be temporary and only briefly hide the symptoms of candidiasis. Treatment should be prescribed by a gynecologist after evaluating the results of all necessary tests.
Local preparations for a girl include ointments, gels, vaginal suppositories. They are most effective at the very beginning of the disease, get rid of in a few applications. Such medicines act on the breeding ground of fungi and are practically not absorbed into the blood. The most famous are the drugs: Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Livarol.
At systemic treatment candidiasis, it is necessary to drink tablets, which are usually prescribed for acute and chronic forms of inflammation.
Mechanism of action oral medications thing is active substance it is absorbed through the walls of the intestine into the blood and penetrates into all organs and tissues, affecting the entire body as a whole.
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Candidiasis is one of the most common diseases of the genital organs, its clinical picture may be mild. But untimely adoption of measures aimed at its elimination may have bad consequences for good health.
It happens that the treatment does not lead to recovery, after some time the symptoms of thrush in girls resume, a relapse occurs. The reason may be the insufficient duration of the course, addiction to the drug, improper use of local drugs, non-compliance with the instructions for use.
Therefore, therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor who will monitor the course of the disease and correct the treatment in time.
The composition of the vaginal microflora is formed under the influence of external and internal factors. Normal biocenosis includes lactobacilli, represented by rod-shaped flora, and not a large number of cocci. Glucose of epithelial cells is fermented by lactobacilli, lactic acid is formed. It is a breeding ground for candida. Yeast-like fungi are also found on the vaginal mucosa and are opportunistic pathogens. IN normal conditions they do not show activity, but with some changes, signs of thrush appear.
What influences the development of infection
Before the onset of the first menstruation and sexual life, the risk of thrush is very low. In girls, it occurs only in the case severe immunodeficiency. Girls who have had sex have a much higher risk. Men rarely get sick, but they are carriers of pathogens.
Not necessarily after the penetration of the fungus develops thrush. The disease can occur in three ways:
- Asymptomatic carrier. In the analyzes, fungal cells or mycelium are determined, but there is no inflammatory reaction.
- Acute infection - inflammation in the vagina with bright clinical symptoms, a large amount of the pathogen in the smear.
- Chronic infection - recurrence of outbreaks of the disease 4 times a year or more.
In the development of acute or relapse chronic thrush certain factors play a role. Thrush in girls occurs for reasons that are determined by lifestyle and health.
- Violation of personal hygiene.
This group includes the use antibacterial soap, flavored sanitary pads, toilet paper with dyes. Thrush occurs when wearing underwear made of unnatural fabrics, as well as tight and not sized. It creates a greenhouse effect and favorable conditions for fungal growth.
- Irrational nutrition.
With a diet dominated by refined foods, simple carbohydrates thrush appears. Intestinal dysbacteriosis affects the state of the vaginal flora. Insufficient intake of vegetables fermented milk products violates the balance of microflora.
- Chronic diseases, immunodeficiency.
Candidiasis can occur in a girl suffering from diabetes, heavy chronic diseases that lead to decreased immunity. Treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids can cause thrush.
One of the causes of thrush may be a decrease in immunity
- Change of sexual partner.
Sometimes a girl has thrush after a new unprotected sexual contact. The more often sexual partners change, the higher the likelihood of developing the disease. At the same time, the risk of being infected with a virus human papillomas.
- Stress.
The causes of thrush can be in long-term experiences, constant nervous tension. This creates an additional load on the adrenal glands, depletes them, which causes immunodeficiency. Against its background, a thrush appears.
How to recognize the disease
The first symptoms of thrush in girls are a feeling of discomfort in the vagina, which quickly turns into itching and burning. The sensations are intrusive and irritating. The causes of this symptom are inflammatory and allergic reaction arising on the waste products of fungi.
You can understand that a girl has thrush by changing the nature of the discharge. At the age of 16, with normal sexual development, under the influence of a cyclically changing hormonal background, vaginal discharge is mucous. In the middle of the cycle they become more abundant, but remain transparent and odorless. With candidiasis, curdled discharge appears, sometimes similar to sour cream. Color ranges from white to yellowish. In the absence of treatment, their number is constantly increasing. During hygienic procedures, they are washed off the vulvar mucosa, but the discomfort remains, and may even intensify.
Candida uses carbohydrates for life, from which gas and lactic acid are formed. They give the secretions a sour smell.
When urinating, itching increases, there may be pain in the urethra. The labia looks swollen, reddened. Sexual intercourse is also accompanied by painful sensations. Vaginal dryness increases pain, cracks and small droplets of blood may appear.
One of the symptoms of thrush is itching.
You can recognize the first signs of the disease in girls by subjective symptoms. But after determining them, you need to consult a doctor who will prescribe a quality treatment.
What does thrush look like during gynecological examination, can be understood from the above photo. A milk film is noticeable on the mucous membrane of the vagina and vulva. It is hard to peel off with a spatula, and edematous, easily bleeding tissues are found under it. The resulting sensation of itching leads to the formation of scratches and cracks. Chronic vulvovaginitis is accompanied by atrophy of the mucous membrane, its dryness.
Attention! Only by visual signs can not diagnose candidiasis. Be sure to take a smear to determine the state of the vaginal flora.
Often candida infection combined with another non-specific bacterial. If the smear is determined increased amount cocci, a combination of antifungal and antibacterial drugs is necessary.
How to beat an infection
You can treat thrush at home, hospitalization and sick leave not required. The infection is affected in two ways - by administering drugs orally or using them locally. The first method has a number of advantages:
- The course of admission is short.
- Convenience.
- There is an effect on all foci of infection.
- Can be combined with local treatment, why the method is more effective in chronic candidiasis.
Treatment with candles vaginal cream has its advantages:
- No systemic effect negative impact on the liver gastrointestinal tract, fewer side effects.
- Action only in the focus of infection.
This method of administration is best combined with tablets in order to completely cure the disease.
Various medications are used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis is carried out with drugs different groups. Acute infection responds to the use of the following drugs:
- Candles or cream Clotrimazole.
- Itraconazole vaginal tablets.
- Miconazole in the form of vaginal tablets.
- Vaginal cream Butoconazole.
Fluconazole capsules or tablets from thrush Itraconazole are taken inside once. Treatment with suppositories or cream is carried out for 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.
Causes of chronic candidiasis - incomplete course of therapy acute infection, immune disorders or inappropriate drug. If a girl decided to drink Fluconazole on her own, there is a high probability of incomplete elimination of the fungus. Repeated symptoms will appear when exposed to provoking factors, reduced immunity, before menstruation.
Treating thrush that has become chronic is much more difficult. For selection the right drug conduct a culture study that helps determine the type of fungus and its sensitivity to medicines. Treatment is carried out in two stages:
- It is necessary to drink Fluconazole once and continue to be treated vaginal suppositories or tablets for 14 days.
- Relapse prevention is done with vaginal preparations Natamycin, Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, which are administered once a week for 6 months.
This combination of therapy good results and contributes to the elimination of the pathogen. When combined with bacterial vaginosis use complex preparations Terzhinan, Klion D, Polygynax.
Attention! Terzhinan vaginal capsules can be continued to be used even with the onset of menstruation, without stopping treatment.
For the treatment of chronic thrush, gently consult a specialist
It is important to eliminate the reasons why young girls could have thrush. In the presence of diabetes consultation of the endocrinologist with possible correction of insulin is necessary. If there was a course of antibiotics, then with next treatment another infection in order to prevent vulvovaginal candidiasis at the beginning and end of the course, fluconazole is taken once.
Should a guy drink antifungal drugs- a moot point.
Drink dietary supplements homeopathic preparations, immunomodulators can only be taken after consultation with your doctor. Full-fledged studies on their use have not been conducted, which raises the question of their effectiveness in therapy.
After the appearance of signs of the disease, it is necessary to seek help from a gynecologist and understand why the pathology has developed. This approach will help to conduct adequate treatment and choose appropriate methods for preventing relapse.