What is thrush symptoms and treatment. When treating thrush, the patient should

Thrush is a disease caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. The fungus affects the mucous tissues, causes inflammation, itching and burning. Reproducing strongly, the colonies of the fungus turn into abundant white curdled discharge. Because of the color of the discharge, the disease has received the popular name "thrush". It looks like this:

Doctors call thrush candidiasis, after the name of the genus of fungi. Most often, when they talk about thrush, they mean candidiasis of the vaginal mucosa in women, since it is he who is most common. But not only women suffer from thrush, but also men and children.

Children most often become infected with thrush from a sick mother during childbirth. In children, thrush appears as a light plaque in the oral cavity - on the gums, tongue and palate. At the same time, it is unpleasant or even painful for the child to suckle the breast.

In men, the disease is accompanied by itching, a feeling of dryness, redness in the foreskin and glans penis.

Candida fungus is conditionally pathogen. In a certain amount, it is present on the skin and mucous membranes of a healthy person, but it does not lead to thrush. Why does thrush sometimes develop?

Causes of thrush

Causes of thrush are various factors leading to an imbalance of microorganisms on the mucosa. Let's look at some of the reasons.

Taking antibiotics. Antibiotics are often indicated to treat a disease. Yes, antibacterial drugs kill harmful microorganisms, but at the same time many useful ones suffer. If, when taking antibiotics, you do not take care of the balance of microflora and do not take probiotics, the amount of beneficial flora on the mucosa is significantly reduced. Colonies of harmful fungi grow in the vacated territory, including those that cause thrush.

Antibacterial soap. Intimate gels, sprays and soaps with antibacterial properties can also upset the balance of microflora and reduce local immunity.

Hormonal contraception. Changes in the hormonal background in the body leads to a decrease in its protective abilities. The body cannot effectively fight the infection, and the infection multiplies. Thrush while taking hormonal contraceptives is a common occurrence.

• Thrush in pregnant women

  Due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, favorable conditions for the development of candidiasis arise. The disease is diagnosed in every second pregnancy.

  Thrush during pregnancy not only brings discomfort to a woman, but also causes infection of the fetus. Therefore, even in pregnant women it is necessary to treat thrush.

  Treatment of thrush during pregnancy imposes restrictions on the list of drugs. Most of them are contraindicated during pregnancy, as they pose a danger to the fetus. For the same reason, local treatment is carried out in most cases.

  Complications after thrush

  The most terrible complication after chronic thrush - infertility - is possible if the thrush was accompanied by sexually transmitted infections. Behind the obvious symptoms of thrush, these infections can be overlooked if an appropriate examination is not carried out in time.

  In addition, at running form thrush fungus can spread to the cervix, to urethra and further into the bladder, causing cervititis, and urethritis.

  To avoid complications, thrush should be treated promptly and with the correct diagnosis. But problems with thrush may not be, if you deal with its prevention.

  Prevention of thrush

  To prevent thrush, first of all, you should avoid contact with the source of infection, follow the rules of personal hygiene. When using tampons and pads, change them often (use a tampon no longer than 3-4 hours). Strengthen the immune system, avoid stress as much as possible and do not overeat sweet buns. Regularly see a doctor, treat emerging infections and other diseases in time. Try not to wear tight or synthetic underwear. Do not stay in wet clothes for a long time and dry yourself after bathing. Take probiotics as prescribed by your doctor when treating with antibacterial drugs.

  Be healthy!

  
  
  

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What's happened female diseases? This question worries almost all girls who at least once in their lives have encountered such a nuisance. Thrush is a common disease today. A third of the fair sex of the country suffer from this disease and are forced to fight it all their lives.

Diseases in girls, and why they are terrible

So what is a thrush? This disease is caused by a fungus and has medical name candidiasis. People call her a thrush. Often it is intractable and has a chronic form, periodically resuming after the treatment. Its resistance may be associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives used by modern ladies. Such medicines are a favorable environment for the occurrence of thrush.

Causes of thrush. There are many of them. It could be weakening immune system, which can be associated with ecology, which is of great importance and affects health in general. Reception of chemical and biological preparations can also be included here. Thrush in a woman may still be associated with disruption of work endocrine system and the absence of a permanent partner. It is important to know that the disease is affected by improper and irrational nutrition. Namely, the use alcoholic beverages, flour products, sweets. The list of causes of candidiasis should be added:

The use of antibiotics;

Estrogens (hormonal contraception);

Pregnancy;

Diabetes.

Thrush can occur not only in women, but also in men. Therefore, a variety of this disease is marital candidiasis. This disease is caused by the same Candida fungus in partners as a result of sexual intercourse. This type of disease is very rare. This can be explained by the fact that there is a culture of sexual relations between spouses or strong immunity in one of the couple. Oral-genital relations have a greater degree of infection, because the favorable conditions for the reproduction of a fungus of the genus Candida is the oral cavity.

If a girl suffers from a chronic form of thrush, then she can observe a frequent decrease in immunity, which has a local character. Such women suffer from a special form of allergy caused by a fungus, which is the causative agent of frequent exacerbations of this disease. Clinically, the deterioration of immunity can be proved with the help of certain studies.

How to determine the disease in women

There are several symptoms that primarily indicate that a woman has thrush.

Severe itching in the vagina, depending on the sensitivity of the girl and the degree of progressive disease.

Burning sensation in the genital area.

Redness and painful feeling in the genital area.

- Pain in the vagina, accompanied by severe itching.

White, cheesy discharge that does not have a strong odor.

There may be pain during intercourse.

Discomfort when urinating.

As a rule, thrush, the symptoms of which occur a week before menstruation, goes differently for each girl.

Women who are prone to allergies usually experience pain and burning in the vagina, which most often occurs in the evening when the girl is warm. For example, while sleeping or taking a bath. The presence of such symptoms affects sleep and lack of sexual contact between partners, leading to bad mood And increased irritability the weaker sex.

How is the disease diagnosed?

What is a thrush? This is an ailment for the diagnosis of which there are several methods. One of these methods is smear microscopy, that is, examining it under a microscope. First, white discharge is taken from the walls of the vagina with a swab, and then a smear is made on a glass slide, which is examined under a certain device. The specialist will notice the presence of any infection. But this does not indicate a disease, because the fungus is present in the vagina in many women. An in-depth diagnosis is needed to clarify.

Another way to study this disease is sowing - growing a separate culture of the fungus Candida from scrapings. This method is very efficient. And if the study indicators exceed 10,000 CFU / ml, then we can say about the presence of thrush.

Treatment of thrush in women

What is a thrush? This is an infectious disease caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. Therefore, its treatment must be approached with all seriousness. The main thing in this matter will be the destruction of the pathogen and the prevention of its occurrence.

Yet most women cannot quickly cope with this disease. The reason for this may be the wrong approach to treatment. Antifungal medications can be ineffective for many reasons:

Incorrect dose selection;

Short treatment time;

drug resistance;

The causative agents of infection are different types of microbes, some of them are not sensitive to the same drug;

relapse of candidiasis.

It makes no sense to prescribe drugs that increase immunity, and it is not necessary. You should not treat your husband if he is healthy and nothing worries him. Treatment will be ineffective.

Means of getting rid of the disease

So, how to treat thrush? Nowadays, there are many medicines to eliminate candidiasis. They can be divided into the following groups:

Antifungal agents for internal use (tablets for thrush), this includes "Miconazole", "Natamycin", "Pimafucin";

Preparations local action, namely: "Nystatin", "Fluconazole", "Betadine";

Combined medicines - tablets "Kandibene", palliative "Antifungol".

To treat the disease, women are increasingly resorting to topical medications, but with long-term treatment, such therapy is not entirely effective.

Treating thrush with natural remedies

The ineffectiveness of many antifungal drugs forces girls to use thrush remedies from the arsenal traditional medicine. But for this you need to know accurate diagnosis. Because the treatment of a fungal disease (in this case thrush) is different from fighting diseases caused by bacteria. Therefore, it is so important to prescribe adequate treatment so as not to aggravate the situation.

Such drugs are divided into two groups:

Antibiotics and antiseptics of natural origin;

Folk remedies.

Folk prescriptions for medicines

Thrush, the treatment of which may take several days, is curable and with the help of non-traditional methods. As medicinal product use honey. If you are not allergic to bee products, then it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and lubricated with mucous membranes.

In case of illness, it will be very useful to take a bath with sea ​​salt How antiseptic.

In the initial stages of thrush, douching with infusion of chamomile and calendula can be used. It is very easy to prepare it. To do this, you need to take one tablespoon of chamomile, and two tablespoons of calendula. spoons, pour boiling water (1 liter) and let it brew. When the infusion has cooled, it must be filtered, and you can douche.

Also, thrush at home is curable with lemon. Its juice is detrimental to this type of fungus. To do this, mash a slice of lemon and pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, let it brew. Then strain and use for douching and washing. It is better to perform this procedure in the evening, before going to bed. The course of treatment is ten days.

candidiasis during pregnancy

Often, women who bear a child suffer from this disease. This is associated with an increase in hormone levels in pregnant women. Because of this, a favorable environment arises for the reproduction of this type of fungus in the vagina. This disease has the medical name of genital candidiasis. Medicines for thrush should be prescribed by a doctor. There should be no self-treatment so as not to harm the unborn child.

How to cure an ailment during pregnancy

To cure thrush in a woman who is carrying a child, she must follow some rules:

personal hygiene and correct mode days;

Medical treatment.

And now a little more about each of them.

Diet

Throughout pregnancy, a woman needs to monitor her diet. It is advisable to limit the intake of those products that increase the acidity in the vagina and thereby contribute to the reproduction of the fungus. These are sweet, spicy, sour and pickled foods. But her diet should be replenished with vitamins. The table should be dominated by vegetables and fruits, meat, fish and dairy products nutrition. Thanks to this, the expectant mother will not be bothered by thrush, the treatment of which is always unpleasant.

Hygiene and mode

Compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine is another factor in solving this problem. A woman suffering from this disease during pregnancy must be washed twice a day, using infusions. different herbs(if there are no doctor's contraindications) and gels with a neutral ph. Sanitary pads must also be used.

Treatment of thrush in women during pregnancy

Only your treating gynecologist can prescribe treatment for pregnant women suffering from candidiasis. After all antifungal drugs have a toxic effect on the fetus. Therefore, most often pregnant women use topical drugs and avoid medicines that are used inside.

Candidiasis in newborns

What is thrush in babies? This is a disease that causes the same fungus of the genus Candida. In newborn babies, thrush manifests itself in the oral cavity. It occurs in infants when the microflora is disturbed or decreases immune defense organism. Therefore, most often the disease appears in children during teething.

Also, the disease is possible in babies who begin to walk or crawl on their own. At such moments, it is very difficult to keep track of them, and they put everything in their mouths that comes to hand. Adaptation of the child to the kindergarten can cause a decrease in immunity, and hence the development of candidiasis stomatitis.

Thrush in infants occurs in the form of white spots on the tongue, gums, or on the entire oral mucosa. They have a curdled texture. Such plaque is removed very easily. Under it, the mother may notice sores or wounds. The disease in newborns is best treated in the initial stages, as the infection can go down and begin to affect the mucous membrane of the throat. A small child refuses to eat because of pain and burning in the throat, often being naughty.

If your baby has symptoms that indicate thrush, be sure to see a doctor. Such a specialist can be pediatric dentist or local pediatrician. Do not take up treatment on your own, because you can only worsen his condition.

Treat this disease in infants local funds. And when the child is six months old, the doctor may prescribe antifungal drugs.

Treatment of thrush in newborns

To eliminate the disease, you can use the solution baking soda, which is processed oral cavity child. Method of preparation: dissolve one teaspoon of soda in a glass of boiled water, moisten a finger wrapped in gauze, and wipe the tongue, gums, inside. This must be done 30 minutes before meals. For the method to be effective, this procedure is repeated after 2-3 hours.

If the child is not allergic to bee products, you can use a honey solution. It is prepared 1:2 - one teaspoon of honey to two teaspoons of boiled water.

In order for your baby to be healthy, you must follow simple rules hygiene. Namely: sterilize all pacifiers and bottle nipples, take a shower at least once a day, wash hands before each feeding. You can list a lot, but the main thing: cleanliness is the key to the health of your baby. By adhering to all of the above tips, you will never know about thrush and how to deal with it.

Thrush or candidiasis is an infection caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. In general, not a terrible, but very nasty itchy phenomenon that can occur both in the vagina in women and on the penis in men. The itching at the same time can be so strong that the person literally jumps up and has an irresistible desire to scratch a known place.

Why is this fungal infection received such a "milk" name? Everything is very simple: if candidiasis affects the vagina, whitish curdled “flakes” appear inside it, which then turn into discharge of the same color.

If the fungus settles on the penis, then it is covered with a white "milk" coating. At the same time, the genitals itch in both sexes equally strongly and constantly.

The reasons for its occurrence

In both girls and women, the vagina is normally moderately acidic: its microflora consists mainly of lactobacilli. As long as such an environment inside the vagina is maintained, and lactobacilli multiply and function normally, they create a kind of barrier for the development of a fungal infection.

For favorable conditions for the vital activity of lactic acid bacteria in female body the hormone estrogen is responsible: its balanced production contributes to the formation of natural microflora.

It has been proven that spores of fungi of the genus candida are also normal in large numbers inhabit the vagina. Only, while lactobacilli are in force, the number of these spores is insignificant, therefore a person does not feel their presence in any way.

If there is a change in the microflora of the vagina, the number of lactobacilli decreases significantly, the level of acidity rises and the environment becomes extremely favorable for the reproduction of fungi. As a result, candida becomes active, begins to grow and multiply - thrush occurs.

Taking antibiotics

Ceteris paribus, if a person is generally healthy, thrush most often develops after antibiotics. Even a gynecologist or urologist who has discovered thrush in a patient who does not suffer from chronic diseases, first of all asks the question: “Did you take Lately antibiotics?

In the matter of destruction harmful bacteria these potent drugs do not act on the principle of “pointed blows”. They kill all bacteria resistant to this species antibiotics. Therefore, the “useful inhabitants” of the microflora living in the intestines, in the vagina, in the oral cavity and even on the skin can suffer.

The consequence of the death of lactobacilli, as noted above, is a change in microflora internal environments the body to the acidic side, and this contributes to the reproduction of the fungus.

Thus, in cases of strong or prolonged exposure to antibiotics on the body, thrush can develop not only in the vagina in girls and women, or on the penis in men, but also in the intestines, in the oral cavity, as well as on the surface of the skin and nails.

Presence of untreated or chronic diseases

chronic infections, diabetes, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) - all these are also the causes of thrush. All of these diseases weaken the immune system, affect the natural microflora, and are accompanied by the growth of a fungal infection.

Well, STDs also serve as an independent channel for the transmission of thrush from person to person. This means that if one of the sexual partners already has it, then the other is likely to get it too.

Weakened immunity

A decrease in the body's immune forces associated with stress, hypothermia, beriberi, overwork can also lead to candidiasis.

Reduced immunity for any of the above reasons is characterized by a change in the hormonal background, and hence a violation acid-base balance. And we already know: if the microflora changes in the acidic direction, conditions arise for the reproduction of fungi.

Pregnancy period

Pregnant women have hormonal changes, so sharp that it can be compared with a hormonal storm. And not just strong, but long lasting.

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can lead to an acid-base "imbalance", leading to an increase in the acidity of the vaginal microflora. And as we remember, such an environment is favorable for the development of candidiasis.

Thrush symptoms

We found out for what reasons men and women have thrush, and what it is. But what are the characteristic features that make it possible to determine that it is she, and not something else?

Actually, milky and curdled discharge from the vagina or on the penis is the most main symptom candidiasis.

In addition to this, thrush may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

1. Since the mucous membrane of the vagina or penis is irritated by the fungus, both women and men may experience extremely unpleasant sensations during urination: burning, pain.
2. The genital area may become quite red and swollen. In this case, on top of the reddened mucosa there will be the white coating already mentioned above. In men - just a plaque, in women - something like curdled flakes with a slight sour smell.

1. Sexual relations cease to be enjoyable: during intercourse, severe discomfort, pain, burning or itching may occur.
2. In girls, all of the above manifestations of the disease before menstruation can also intensify.

Actually, the listed symptoms of thrush already in themselves force her to be treated, since the sensations of her carrier are extremely unpleasant, and the quality of life, including sexual life, is noticeably reduced.

Why is it dangerous if left untreated?

To convince you of the need for treatment, here are a few more examples of negative consequences:

1. Untreated thrush can lead to deeper inflammation genitourinary system, for example, in women to hit the urethra and bladder, cervix. In men - provoke inflammation of the head of the penis and foreskin.
2. From the genitals, candidiasis can spread to other parts of the body: into the mouth, stomach, intestines, external skin, nails.
3. Thrush not cured during pregnancy is terrible for the unborn baby: during the passage through the birth canal, he can become infected with candidiasis from the mother. And since newborns have not yet developed their own immunity, the disease can be very difficult.

Can thrush appear in men?

Yes, and we have already mentioned this more than once. Dear men! Please do not underestimate the danger of candidiasis for you: this is not a purely female disease!

1. Watch your health and get treated for any diseases in time, because they can weaken your immunity, and this, as we have already understood, is a favorable factor for thrush.
2. Be vigilant in your sex life, because candidiasis can be picked up from a sexual partner.
3. Follow the rules carefully intimate hygiene.

If you become:

• it hurt to urinate
• burns the head of the penis,
• the skin on the penis inexorably itches,
• obscenely want to scratch the causal place,
• the penis was covered with some kind of whitish coating - you know, this is how thrush appears.

These are the most characteristic of her symptoms and a reason for an urgent visit to the urologist!

What to do if symptoms of candidiasis are detected?

First of all, of course, visit a doctor. Women - the road to the gynecologist, men - to the urologist. To confirm the diagnosis, a swab is usually taken, which, after laboratory analysis, will allow you to give a confident answer, including about a specific type of fungus.

Remember, self-medication, self-selection of medicines, as well as the use of all kinds of folk remedies (baths, douches) at home can only aggravate the course of the disease and even lead to complications.

Itching, burning and vaginal discharge are not only thrush, they are a frequent companion of other gynecological and urological diseases, such as vaginosis and trichomoniasis.

Therefore, put or refute the presence of thrush, as well as prescribe right treatment Only a doctor can, based on the results of tests and examinations.

How is thrush treated?

The use of drugs

After the diagnosis is made, antimycotic drugs are usually prescribed. Most likely for women it will be vaginal suppositories(suppositories) of local action, for men - a special ointment, also locally. With prolonged candidiasis, drugs for internal use in tablets can also be prescribed.

Maintaining hygiene and avoiding panty liners

To speed up the treatment of thrush, as well as to prevent its reappearance, it is necessary to regularly wash and change underwear. This applies to both women and men. Washing panties in the machine should be done at high temperatures.

Also, ladies are strongly advised to at least for a while (or better for good) stop using panty liners, especially colored and flavored. It has been proven that they can provoke and even aggravate the course of vaginal candidiasis, as they create a warm, humid environment on their surface.

Gaskets for critical days it is also necessary to choose without flavors with a maximum natural composition and change them as often as possible. It is also better to refuse tampons until complete recovery.

Refusal of synthetic underwear

In continuation of the hygiene topic, we note that the use of synthetic underwear during the fight against candidiasis is highly discouraged, since synthetics impede air circulation in the genital area and create a humid, fungal-friendly environment.

Therefore, it is better to prefer panties made from natural materials: cotton, linen, bamboo. In general, it is advisable to do this on permanent basis, and for the period of treatment of the thrush - it is obligatory.

Power correction

In the process of treating thrush, it is necessary to pay attention to the diet.

From the diet should be excluded or at least severely limited:

• all kinds of sweets (replacing them with a moderate amount of fresh fruit);
• foods rich in starch (potatoes, peas, corn, white rice, and White bread and other products made from white flour);
• products containing yeast (baking, beer) and mold (blue cheese),
• spicy, sour, pickled and smoked foods,
• vinegar, ketchup, mustard, soy and other sauces and dressings.

Sugar and starch are the ideal environment for fungi, including candida. And sour and spicy food, although harmful to fungal colonies, may increase perineal irritation.

But kefir, curdled milk and other fermented milk products (without sugar!) should, on the contrary, be included in your daily diet.

Watch your food reactions and watch your diet. And be healthy!

Video: causes of thrush and its treatment

Many women periodically experience symptoms of a disease called thrush or candidiasis. Only at an appointment with a qualified gynecologist will you receive complete information about what thrush is and how to heal from it. Self-treatment in this case is very undesirable, because. disease, if ignored or improper treatment, smoothly turns into a chronic form, which has more dangerous health consequences than its initial stage.

Causes of thrush

What is a thrush? This is a disease caused by the yeast fungus Candida. Representatives of conditionally pathogenic flora are found in the body of all people, in the mouth, intestines, genital mucosa and on the skin. Surprisingly, these fungi can be beneficial, they are involved in the synthesis of B vitamins. But, due to certain conditions, the number of fungi increases and then the person feels all the “charms” of candidiasis.

You can literally get sick with candidiasis from everything. Scientists are still arguing about what thrush is, a variety of versions have been put forward. There is not one reason, but several. Vaginal candidiasis - manifests itself mainly in women, but the manifestation of symptoms of thrush is not excluded in children and men. Consider a few possible causes.

Among women

What is thrush and what causes it? The most basic reason is a decrease in acidity in the vagina, i.e. violation of its normal microflora, this occurs due to a number of circumstances:

• underwear made of synthetics, which creates conditions for the reproduction of bacteria;
• taking antibiotics. They affect the microflora human body by destroying beneficial bacteria, called saprophytes, which have a protective function and prevent the reproduction of fungi;
• taking contraceptive drugs often causes hormonal disorders;
• sweet tooth are more prone to fungal manifestations;
• mismatched or cheap remedy for hygiene of intimate zones;
• stressful situations, depression;
• during a long journey by train or bus, due to a forced sitting position;
• hormonal disorders due to diabetes and pregnancy lead to hormonal disorders.
• during the climax.

In men

Men are also susceptible to infection with thrush. In the stronger sex, candidiasis can be caused by balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans penis of fungal etiology). Candidiasis in this case strikes the inner leaf of the foreskin with great speed, causing a lot of inconvenience. feature male disease is as bright abrupt start and its rapid disappearance, although this does not mean that it is not necessary to be treated.

In children

In virgin girls adolescence when formation occurs hormonal system, the thrush can begin. Provoke the disease can:

• improper hygiene;
• wearing synthetic tight-fitting underwear;
• sitting on cold surfaces such as tiles, stones, earth.

If the expectant mother has candidiasis, then during childbirth, passing through the birth canal, the baby in 98% of cases will become infected with these bacteria. The disease often appears in children under one year of age in the mouth. This trouble appears in infants or in those whose diet is one milk. Reasons for the manifestation of candidiasis in children:

• the dry air of the room where the child is located leads to a decrease in saliva in the mouth, which protects the mucous membrane;
• rare walks in the fresh air;
• prolonged baby cries;
• difficult nasal breathing leads to the drying of saliva, the protective functions of the mucosa decrease, which contributes to the growth of the fungus;
• Mold in the room promotes the growth of fungus.

Types of disease

There are a lot of types of candidiasis, more and more often researchers are discovering new subspecies of this disease:

1. Acute - the initial stage of the development of thrush, when all the symptoms appear brightly, the clinical picture is confirmed by the result of the tests. This period lasts up to one month.
2. Chronic candidiasis is acquired due to ignoring the symptoms, the infected person does not seek help from a specialist or self-medicates.
3. Candidiasis sepsis is the most severe and rare form, when blood and all internal organs mushrooms. Starts due to strong decline the body's defenses, for example, during immunodeficiency syndrome or after chemotherapy for cancer patients.

According to its localization, candidiasis is divided into the following types:

1. Candida fungus of the genitourinary system. The area of ​​the vagina is affected with the transition to the external genitalia, sometimes the urethra and bladder become inflamed. In men, it manifests itself on the glans penis in the form of redness and the formation of ulcers, microcracks.
2. Thrush of the oral mucosa - the disease manifests itself in both young children and adults. It is localized on the tongue, cheeks, gums and is called candidal stomatitis.
3. Candidiasis of the surface of the skin, nails.

Symptoms

What is vaginal thrush and how does it manifest itself? Symptoms help to suspect the disease, but only diagnostic tests can reliably confirm it. Candida albicans can greatly worsen a girl's well-being. In the early days, when candidiasis is in acute form, the symptoms of the disease are:

• general weakness, increase in body temperature;
• unbearable itching inside the vagina and genital area;
• vaginal discharge in large quantities, they have a bright white color and a sour smell;
• pain when urinating;
• itching and pain in the sphincter area, the presence of microcracks on the walls of the anus, pain during defecation;
• pain during sexual activity.

What's happened male thrush and what to do when it appears? In the stronger sex, the disease often occurs without symptoms, but if they are, then some inconvenience is felt:

• redness of the entire head of the penis;
• pain and burning during urination;
• plaque on the surface of the glans penis.

What is a baby thrush? This disease in the oral cavity, manifests itself in the form of small red spots with a characteristic whitish coating on the tongue and cheeks. At the same time, it is considered the norm when a child under one year old has a whitish coating, in which case you can not panic and do not consult a doctor. In most cases, the manifestations do not cause inconvenience to the child.

What does it look like

The doctor during the appointment and visual examination can easily determine the presence of candidiasis in a woman. The characteristic features are severe swelling external genitalia with a pronounced red color. During examination on a gynecological chair, a specialist can see white, thick discharge and swelling of the labia - clear sign diseases.

When a man goes to the doctor for complaints discomfort, the urologist notes:

• severe redness urethra;
• the head of the penis is edematous and crimson;
• the surface of the glans penis is loose, not smooth, has white coating, sores, microcracks, slight discharge.

In children, it is easy to determine the disease using a visual examination of the oral cavity:

• sores in the form of pale red spots on the cheeks and tongue;
• white coating on the tongue and cheeks inside.

Is it sexually transmitted

Candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, however, it is highly likely to be transmitted sexually. This ailment is especially common in men and women who are promiscuous. sexual life without contraceptive protection. Especially young people who abuse alcohol and drugs.­

How to treat

To get rid of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a complete, effective and adequate treatment. Many people think that taking one magic pill, even the most expensive one, will solve the problem and permanently save you from the disease in one day - this is an erroneous opinion. Special attention you need to pay attention to strengthening the immune system, this will help vitamins. The doctor prescribes antifungal drugs, the course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days.

Adult drugs

Treatment for men and women is no different, in both cases it is aimed at the destruction of fungi of the genus Candida. The treatment is carried out as a local method with warm baths, with the addition of soda, and douching. herbal infusions for washing away plaque and secretions, as well as a course of taking antifungal drugs, in the form of tablets and suppositories.

Women

For the treatment of thrush, women use such drugs:

• Diflucan. This drug is available in the form of tablets, has the property of suppressing the reproduction of yeast fungi. Indicated for use in the fight against all types of candidiasis. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days. Contraindicated in pregnant women during breastfeeding and children under 16 years of age. It is used as a single course, the dosage is determined by the attending physician, depending on the severity of the disease and the location of its localization. Before use, talk to your gynecologist.
• or ointment, is an analogue of Diflucan. It is used as an antiseptic after operations, to combat and prevent the occurrence of streptococci, staphylococci and yeast fungi. Actively affects sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment is carried out by irrigation of the affected areas of the mucosa. People with a reaction to the components of the drug this product contraindicated. Sometimes the treatment of the disease with Mirimistin has a side effect in the form of redness and itching in the area where the solution or ointment is applied.
• Clotrimazole is prescribed topically in the form of ointments, aerosol, vaginal tablets for the treatment of urogenital candidiasis. Before going to bed, a tablet is injected deep into the vagina, and the external genitalia is lubricated with a thin layer of ointment or irrigated with a solution. The course of treatment of the disease consists of 2 weeks of continuous use. There are no side effects. Contraindication is the first three months of pregnancy.

men

How to treat candidiasis for men:

• Flucostat is produced in the form of capsules, solutions. The course is from 2 weeks, while the dosage is prescribed by the doctor. Instructions for the use of flucostat suggest side effects in the form of sleep disturbance, stool, digestive system, skin rashes. Contraindicated in children under 3 years of age.
• Fluconazole has an active antifungal effect. Available in the form of tablets and capsules. It is taken once every 24 hours, the course is from two weeks to one month. About the drug Fluconazole, the doctors' reviews are positive, candidiasis passes rapidly. During the reception, there may be a violation of the stool and flatulence. Instructions for the use of Fluconazole provides contraindications for children under 14 years of age.
• Pimafucin is an antifungal drug. Available in the form of suppositories, tablets and cream. No more than 4 tablets per day are prescribed, the duration of treatment is from 7 days. Candles are administered rectally (into the rectum), the glans penis is lubricated with cream twice a day. Instructions for use pimafucin suggests side effects: mild itching, which goes away on its own.

During pregnancy

During pregnancy, doctors prefer to treat candidiasis locally in the form of baths, irrigation antiseptic solution or drawing antifungal cream on the affected mucous membranes. Folk remedies also enter the course of treatment, although they take more time in the fight against the fungus. Such procedures will not harm the bearing of the child. Acceptable drugs during pregnancy: suppositories and ointment Clotrimazole, Nystatin ointment, Epigem aerosol, oil tea tree.

For a child

To cure fungal stomatitis in a child, the following drugs are sometimes prescribed:

• Nystatin for children in granules is convenient for preparing a treatment solution. According to the instructions for treatment, the drug is diluted with water and the child's oral cavity is lubricated no more than twice a day. Discuss the medication with your pediatrician.
• Sodium tetraborate is produced in the form of a ready-made solution, which is applied to a bandage wrapped around the finger and the tongue is processed, inner surface baby's cheeks. You need to press on the affected areas with force to remove the plaque. Talk to your pediatrician before use.

Treatment with folk remedies

The safest method of treatment for health - folk recipes. Due to the natural components, these methods are suitable for the treatment of women, men and children. For girls, the following options are suitable:

1. In 1 liter of warm boiled water, dilute 2 tsp. soda, mix well. With this solution, it is necessary to douche at home several times a day. soda water not only destroys the reproduction of fungi of the genus Candida, but also relieves itchy sensations in the vagina.
2. 1 st. l. tea tree oil dilute 250 ml warm water, moisten a cotton swab in the solution and treat the entrance to the vagina. This procedure is carried out before going to bed.

For men, the following procedures are suitable:

1. In 1 liter of warm water, dilute 1 tbsp. l. soda and 1 tsp. iodine. It is necessary to place the foreskin in this solution, having previously opened the glans penis, hold it for at least 15 minutes. The process of treating the disease is repeated several times a day for one week.
2. In the fight against candidiasis good results showed celandine juice, you need to drink it on an empty stomach, once a day for a month. It is an antibacterial, antifungal agent.

Children are treated too. folk remedies:

1. soda solution wipe the oral cavity, removing white plaque.
2. Chamomile or St. John's wort is brewed in the amount of 2 tsp. 250 ml of boiling water, insisting on a water bath. The resulting solution wipes the tongue with a sterile bandage, moving from its root to the tip.

Complications

modern medicine warns that by ignoring the symptoms of candidiasis, you are putting your life in danger. transformation initial stage diseases into chronic, in which the entire human body is affected by the fungus, in this case only inpatient treatment will be effective. Women with a chronic form of candidiasis are at risk of developing cervical erosion. As a result of the disease in men, erections and sexual activity decrease. In the absence of treatment, cases of infertility in both cases are not uncommon.

Prevention of thrush

In order for the disease not to catch up with you again, you need to completely reconsider your lifestyle and carry out a series of comprehensive preventive measures:

• Adjustment of the food culture involves the replacement harmful sweets on fruits. Reduce, and it is better to completely abandon fatty and cholesterol-rich foods, including animal products - meat, fish, milk, eggs. Incorporate into your daily diet more vegetables and greens. Thanks to this diet, you will forget about candidiasis forever.
• Change thick synthetic underwear to cotton.
• If antibiotics are needed, use prophylactic drugs based on lactobacilli.
• Avoid panty liners.
• Establish daily intimate hygiene with the help of high-quality products for the care of this area.
• Daily work on the psycho-emotional state, avoiding stress and depression in your life.

Thrush in women is vaginal candidiasis(yeast mycosis), which manifests itself precisely in the form of thrush, which is localized in the vaginal area and is caused yeast-like fungi genus Candida. They can cause both acute thrush and recurrent mycoses.

The frequency of this disease has been steadily increasing in recent years. So, according to modern data, thrush in the structure of infectious and inflammatory morbidity of the vagina and vulva ranges from 35 to 45%.

The main peak of incidence occurs in women of reproductive age. Therefore, every woman should know the first signs, and characteristic symptoms thrush, the treatment of which must be started immediately with the help of special preparations. Symptoms of the disease can be either bright, intense, or they may be absent or subtle.

If the diagnosis and treatment of thrush is not carried out in a timely manner, then the disease becomes chronic, often recurrent, causing severe discomfort, pain, which significantly worsens the woman's well-being.

Signs of thrush in women

Since thrush is often asymptomatic, and it often accompanies other gynecological diseases, including latent sexually transmitted infections, it should be established correct diagnosis contact a qualified professional. With intensive reproduction of pathogenic fungal agents, a pronounced thrush occurs in women, the symptoms of which are quite typical:

• Thrush in women often disappears on their own during menstruation, since the microflora of the vagina becomes more alkaline, unfavorable for fungi;
• At the same time, the volume of secretions increases, they become white with a sour smell, but there may not be a smell;
• For thrush, the heterogeneity of the consistency of the discharge is characteristic, they take the form of small lumps, similar to particles of cottage cheese, as they say, curd consistency, hence the name of vaginal candidiasis - thrush in women;
• Many women who are diagnosed with candidiasis complain of an increase in discharge at night, after various water procedures or after intercourse;
• A frequent symptom of thrush in women is redness and swelling of the small, large labia, spreading to the anus;
• Not infrequently thrush accompanies others infectious diseases such as genital herpes, chlamydia in women, ureaplasmosis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis;
• One of the signs of thrush in women is itching and burning in the vagina and in the vulva. Particularly intense is an internal burning sensation when a woman sits cross-legged, this is one of the tests for thrush (Itching in the vagina - causes, treatment);
• Often recurrent thrush in women is more difficult to treat and leads to complications when the intestines, bladder and other organs and tissues are involved in the pathological process;
• The situation becomes more serious if the disease becomes chronic. Recurrence occurs more than 4 times a year, appearing, as a rule, a week before menstruation;
• Inflammation, burning, itching, swelling of the vaginal mucosa provoke pain during intercourse;
• For the same reason, pain can also occur during urination;
• It is not uncommon for an erased course of candidiasis, when the symptoms of thrush in women are mild and only one of the listed signs can disturb.

Causes of thrush in women

Even at completely healthy people Candida fungi are present, which are the causative agents of thrush. However, it does not occur until the quantity Candida mushrooms fine. But due to certain factors, they can acquire pathogenic properties, thereby causing the appearance of candidiasis.

Taking hormonal drugs with a high content of estrogen. It has been scientifically proven that women taking drugs with a high content of the female sex hormone can provoke the appearance of thrush in themselves. These can be either gels used to build up the endometrium in the uterine cavity, or some of the types of oral contraceptives.

This is because under the influence large doses estrogen, the mucous membrane of the vagina and vulva changes and becomes favorable for the emergence of pathogenic properties in Candida fungi. Do not forget that phytoestrogens, such as sage and knotweed, can also provoke the appearance of candidiasis if they are used frequently and in a sufficiently high dosage;

1. Diabetes. A metabolic disease, such as diabetes mellitus, can also cause the pathogenic properties of Candida fungi. The reason for this is the increased sugar content in the urine of the patient. As a result of urination, an environment is formed on the vulvar mucosa that favors the development of thrush;
2. Taking antibacterial drugs. Taking large doses strong antibiotics most often it is a factor conducive to the primary (and subsequent) appearance of thrush. Having arisen against the background of taking antibiotics once, in most cases it will also occur with subsequent antibiotic therapies. Destroying some types of infections, antibiotics, however, weaken the immune system and allow Candida fungi to acquire pathogenic properties and turn into thrush;

Decreased immunity. Not only antibacterial drugs can affect a decrease in immunity in humans. Stress, lack of sleep, chronic fatigue, HIV infection and even colds and flu - all this immediately affects the body's ability to keep the development of microorganisms living in it under control.

As a result, there is a high risk of candidiasis, and not only in the vagina and on the vulva, but also on other mucous membranes, as well as on those parts of the body whose humidity is often high: the area under the breast, elbow and knee folds, armpits.

Thrush in women photo

Symptoms of thrush in women

Thrush in women, or urogenital candidiasis, can occur in the form of two main clinical options:

• Vulvovaginitis - simultaneous inflammation both the vulva and the vagina;
• Dermatitis of the vulva - damage only to the skin of the external genitalia.

In women, the main symptoms of thrush are the following:

1. Urination disorders in the form of soreness and rapidity;
2. Pain during intercourse and discomfort;
3. Allocations can also be from the urethra, given its proximity to the vagina;
4. Feeling of itching and burning in the vulva and / or vagina, which may be constant or intermittent;
5. Under the raids, areas of bright red color are determined;
6. Swelling of the vulva;
7. Redness, abrasions and macerated areas appear on the skin of the vulva;
8. Pathological discharge from the genital tract, which have a curd-like appearance;
9. Plaques of gray-white color on the mucous membranes, which are poorly removed even with a spatula;
10. Redness and increased bleeding of the mucous membranes.

When frequent relapses thrush clinical symptoms may be completely different. In this case, marked the following signs: vaginal dryness; atrophy of the mucous membrane; increased keratinization in the vulva; whitish discharge in a very scanty amount.

Methods of infection with thrush

The most common way to get candidiasis is through sexual contact. Moreover, the man is most often completely unaware of the presence of this infection. Usually, the representatives of the stronger sex are asymptomatic carriers of this disease, passing it on to a woman, sometimes even in cases where sexual contact was protected.

How can you get thrush

Another way to become infected with thrush is during childbirth, when the child passes through the birth canal. As a result of direct contact with infected mucous membranes of the mother, a newborn child also becomes infected with candidiasis.

When to See a Gynecologist

Thrush in women recurs more than 4 times a year If the treatment for a week did not relieve the woman of the symptoms of thrush If, when taking the first doses of drugs prescribed by the doctor, irritation of the genitals appeared.

If, in addition to thrush, you are worried about temperature, weakness, pain in the lower abdomen If a relapse of the disease occurred after a course of treatment or soon after it - after 2-3 months During therapy, purulent or bloody discharge appeared (brown discharge in the middle of the cycle - is it dangerous?)

Diagnosis of thrush

When visiting a gynecologist, a woman should be ready to answer questions that the doctor may ask her in order to find out clinical picture and the symptoms that bother her:

• What do you have chronic diseases what are you sick now or in the past?;
• Day last menstrual period, is the cycle regular, how long does the menstruation last and how many days does the menstrual cycle last?;
• How do you protect yourself, what methods of contraception do you use?;
• Describe the consistency, smell, color and amount of discharge;
• How many sexual partners do you have and are you sexually active?;
• Have you recently taken any antibiotics or other medicines?;
• Describe in detail all the symptoms that bother you;
• Were there similar symptoms earlier?;
• When did they first appear?;
• If there is a regular partner, does he have discharge from the penis?;
• Do you use douching, by what means and why? (Douching with thrush with soda, chamomile, chlorhexidine is not recommended, since it is both useless and dangerous);
• Have you been treated for any STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) before?;
• What provokes a deterioration in your condition, what, on the contrary, helps?;
• How much have the signs of the disease changed after they appeared?

After collecting anamnesis, the gynecologist conducts an examination on the chair, takes a swab from the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix. Microscopic examination of a smear in women with thrush finds fungal mycelium, in large quantities. However, this is considered fast method, but not informative because it does not give information about the type of fungus that is the cause of the disease.

At a gynecologist's appointment with thrush

To find out the type of fungus, it is necessary to carry out a bacterial inoculation of a smear on nutrient special media, with a further determination of the formed colonies, and their sensitivity, the susceptibility of Candida fungi to various antifungal drugs in gynecology. The quantitative factor of the identified fungal colonies is also taken into account, since the detection small amount is the norm for healthy microflora vagina.

Clinical studies and observations conducted by specialists indicate that thrush in women often occurs not as an independent disease, but in combination with other sexually transmitted infections.

With thrush in women, the symptoms perfectly mask hidden infections, which in recent decades have tended to become widespread. Therefore, a differential diagnosis of thrush with gardnerelosis, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes is necessary. To do this, it is enough to consult a venereologist, pass complex PCR analyzes for STIs, as well as donate blood using the RIF and ELISA rapid tests.

In addition, at chronic course thrush should be passed comprehensive examination women, because often the first symptom of diabetes in women is the appearance of thrush, so you should donate blood for glucose in the blood. If the norm is exceeded, then it is necessary to contact an endocrinologist, and in the future to follow a diet.

Smear on thrush

Also, with thrush, a woman should be examined by a gastroenterologist - to do an ultrasound abdominal cavity, pass an analysis for intestinal dysbacteriosis, pass feces for a coprogram, if there are indications, then undergo FGS and other diagnostics. If the thrush has already provoked complications in the urinary tract, then you should also visit a urologist, take a swab from the urethra, urinalysis according to Zimnitsky, and conduct an ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys.

Treatment of thrush in women

In women, the treatment of acute thrush and chronic recurrence is somewhat different from each other, which is associated with different sensitivity of fungi to antifungal (antifungal) agents. As a rule, primary episodes of the disease respond well to ongoing antifungal therapy.

With exacerbation of chronic urogenital candidiasis, the use of not only antifungal drugs, but also other means of adjuvant therapy is indicated. The latter looks like this:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that suppress the activity of the inflammatory response;
• Vitamin complexes that help increase the state of nonspecific resistance;
• Antihistamines, since in the chronic course of candidiasis a large role belongs to the development of allergic reactions;
• The use of immune preparations;
• Lactic acid is used only after all of the above measures and their inefficiency.

The main place in the treatment of both acute and recurrent candidiasis belongs to antifungal agents (see suppositories for thrush). In non-pregnant women, they are prescribed both locally and systemically. This significantly increases the likelihood of a cure for patients. Only used during pregnancy local forms antifungal agents.

After the course of treatment, it is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness. To do this, use a microscopic examination of smears from the vagina and urethra. They must be taken no earlier than 2 weeks after the end of treatment. If candida is re-detected in them, then this is an indication for the appointment of other antifungal agents.

The result of therapy is regarded as satisfactory if the following conditions are met:

1. Normal culture results (no growth of candida colonies on special media);
2. Clinical recovery - all the symptoms that bothered the person before disappear;
3. Normal picture of microscopic examination.

In mild cases of thrush, one of the antifungal drugs Flucostat, Fluconazole, Mycoflucan, or Mycomax may be used to treat women. A single dose is sufficient. Optimal drug for the treatment of an uncomplicated form of thrush, tablets or suppositories with the active ingredient Ketoconazole (Livarol, Mycozoral, Brizoral) or Clotrimazole (Antifungol, Candizol, Kanesten) are used.

Depending on the choice of drug, acute thrush should be treated for 1 to 7 days. Do not self-medicate, each drug has certain contraindications, moreover, illiterate or untimely treatment can lead to unpleasant consequences.

What happens if you don't treat

What happens if thrush is not treated

With absence timely detection thrush in women and appropriate treatment may develop certain complications that pose a threat reproductive health and in general general health. To these negative consequences urogenital candidiasis include:

• Transition inflammatory process on the urinary system - involvement of the bladder, urethra, which are very often combined with each other (ureterocystitis);
• Antenatal death of the fetus, that is, before its birth. Urogenital candidiasis with a significant decrease general immunity can become a generalized infection. In this case, most often there is a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be noted that this situation most often detected when a patient has HIV infection, which is accompanied by damage to the cells of the immune system (CD4-lymphocytes);
• Premature birth is the termination of pregnancy from the 22nd to the 37th week of pregnancy;
• Intrauterine infection with the development of candidal pneumonia, which very often leads to severe respiratory failure in newborns and is difficult to treat;
• The development of an inflammatory process in the pelvic organs, namely in the uterus, appendages, periuterine tissue.

Complications of thrush

With chronic thrush, a woman may experience whole line complications (thrush in women - causes of occurrence):

The spread of a fungal infection occurs in the absence of treatment, or a weak immune response to ongoing therapy. First of all, the cervix may be susceptible to the development of candidiasis, leading to cervicitis, the bladder - cystitis, the urethra - urethritis.

The consequences of thrush in women

The combination of STIs with thrush is especially dangerous, it is fraught with serious inflammatory gynecological processes leading to infertility. With a slight development, thrush does not cause serious harm to a woman's health, but constantly worries and creates discomfort for a normal sexual life.

Thrush in women may be the first sign of serious illness, such as HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, etc. And if, having treated it once, the thrush returns, this indicates a weakening of the immune system, and candidiasis is a signal, an indicator, outward manifestation a decrease in the body's defenses or a violation of metabolic or hormonal processes.

With recurrent frequent thrush in women whose symptoms are bright, along with the treatment of candidiasis, the cause of the decrease in immunity should be found and eliminated. Otherwise, thrush may occur again and again.

Prevention of thrush in women

Preventive measures that prevent the development of urogenital candidiasis are as follows: the presence of one sexual partner; compliance with the rules of intimate hygiene; balanced diet; timely treatment gynecological diseases; timely treatment of infections; regular visits to the gynecologist (once every six months) and the passage of a minimum examination; fight against constipation.

FAQ

Milkmaid in questions and answers

Is it possible to infect a partner with thrush?

If you do not heed the doctor's instructions, then infection of the partner is likely to occur even if such drugs are used. protective equipment like condoms. Candida fungi do not penetrate the pores contraceptive, however, during intercourse, there is still contact of the mucous membranes. Of course, when using a condom, the partner is less likely to become infected than if the sexual intercourse was unprotected. However, it must be remembered that the risk of infection still remains.

Can you get pregnant with thrush?

To answer the question of whether it is possible to get pregnant with candidiasis, you need to know how conception occurs. The sperm travels from the vagina to fallopian tube, where he needs to fertilize an egg that has matured and left the follicle in the ovary.

Therefore, only the adhesive process in the tubes or the cervix can prevent the sperm from reaching the target. But thrush in women cannot prevent pregnancy. The only barrier it can create for the sperm is hyperacidity cervical fluid and increased acidity of the vagina, which will kill a slightly larger number of sperm than is usually the case.

However, if this circumstance reduces the chances of conception, then only minimally. As a rule, a woman who has candidiasis retains her reproductive functions in full, if we are not talking about any global, neglected scale of candidiasis.

Thus, it is possible to get pregnant with thrush. Another question, is it worth it? Naturally, it is better to cure the disease first.

Is it possible to have sexual intercourse with thrush?

By itself, candidiasis does not interfere with sexual activity, nor does it affect the health of the fetus if it was conceived during this disease. Sexual contact is not recommended by doctors for other reasons. First, there is high risk infect a partner. In men, candidiasis is rarely noticeable, but during subsequent sexual intercourse, he is able to pass it on to a woman even if she has already been treated for thrush.

Secondly, sexual contact is not recommended because the mucous membrane of the vagina and vulva will be unnecessarily traumatized, and the more microcracks, the more opportunities for a woman to become infected with some other infection, much more serious than candidiasis. Yes, and the sexual intercourse itself due to inconvenience and pain unlikely to give the desired pleasure.

Is it possible to eat dairy products with thrush?

With thrush, you should adhere to certain diets, which must include dairy products. They will be an additional source of prebiotics for the body, they contain live lactobacilli that will help to establish a balance of microorganisms. However, it must be remembered that some types of sour-milk products during thrush are best excluded due to the high sugar content. A typical representative of such a product would be, for example, a snowball.

The fact is that the increased sugar content, on the contrary, contributes to the strengthening of thrush. As a result, the treatment of this disease can be significantly complicated. Other fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt) will be an excellent helper in the fight against candidiasis, but you need to know that they should not be used as an independent type of treatment.

Traditional antifungal drugs should be the main treatment for the disease, and fermented milk products are only an additional source of combating thrush.

Video what is thrush in women and its symptoms