Violation of posture in children of school age treatment. Treatment of posture disorders in children and adolescents

Violation of posture in children is noticeable to the naked eye not only by a qualified orthopedist-traumatologist, but also by parents. Hunched back, asymmetrical shoulder girdle, protrusion of the abdomen - classic manifestations pathology. In about 30% of cases, the displacement of the vertical axis of the body is due to the presence of scoliosis (lateral deviation spinal column).

Posture in children is formed up to 24 years due to constant growth body. Against this background, any impact can provoke a curvature of the spinal column in the horizontal and frontal planes, so it is important to check the presence of curvature of the vertical axis annually.

Verticality of the body;
deployed rib cage;
Retracted shoulders;
Close location of the shoulder blades;
Tightened belly.

Any deviation from the above signs indicates the presence of pathology.

Types of posture disorders in the sagittal plane:

Stoop - lower back and increased kyphosis of the chest;
– smoothing of all bends of the spinal column;
- flattening of the thoracic kyphosis with normal lumbar lordosis;
- increased thoracic kyphosis throughout the thoracic region;
- Increased lordosis in the lower back and kyphosis in the chest.

A scoliotic curve appears in the frontal plane. It is not a disease, unlike scoliosis (lateral curvature of the axis of the spine), but only a consequence increased tone skeletal muscles in one half of the body.

Grade 1 - the child, if desired, can take a normal position, but in a free position, a curvature of the spinal axis can be traced;

2 degree - the deformation is eliminated when hanging on the horizontal bar or the Swedish wall, and straightening the body;

Grade 3 - the curvature remains when the child is straightened and hung on the gymnastic bar.

Posture in children when the axis of the spine is shifted to the lateral plane is called the scoliotic arch. Without performing X-ray of the spinal column in frontal and lateral projections, it is difficult to distinguish it from true scoliosis. However, the curvature of the spine in the frontal plane in the 3rd and 4th degree leads to disability in children.

Types of scoliosis and posture disorders in children

On initial stage lateral curvature of the back is difficult to differentiate between scoliosis and scoliotic curve. The only sign on the radiograph that allows you to do this is the rotation of the vertebrae around the axis (torsion) with true scoliosis. The magnitude of the curvature does not exceed 30%.
A curvature of 31-60% is clearly seen during a visual examination of the child's back and appears at stage 2 of scoliosis;
Deformation of the spinal column up to 90% is characterized by a change in the shape of the vertebrae (they become wedge-shaped) and indicates a stage 3 pathology;
With a curvature of more than 90% of the spinal column (grade 4), a pronounced curvature of the vertical axis of the body appears in the lateral plane with a disproportionate displacement of the anatomical structures and internal organs.

Scoliosis is more typical for girls aged 12-14 years with rapid growth and puberty. IN this case changes are due to the fact that the musculoskeletal apparatus does not have time to adapt to the rapid growth of the bone structure.

Impaired posture in children can be combined with the vertebral hump. When reviewing the back of a child with this pathology, a large protrusion in the thoracic region is clearly distinguished. Children with a humpback cannot lean against the back of a chair when sitting and always complain of pain in the thoracic spine.

Correct posture in children should be formed from a very young age. How to prevent curvature of the spine in infants:

The baby should not be placed on a soft feather bed, and also planted on pillows;
When the baby is 3 years old, it should already be shifted to the stomach;
Do not prematurely try to teach the baby to walk;
You can not carry children on one arm all the time;
When walking with a child, it is better to lead him not by the hand, but by a wide ribbon passed through the armpit area;
From 2-3 years old, teach children to sit in a chair correctly;
Try to teach them to sleep on a hard bed from an early age.

Parents should remember that all their previous efforts to develop correct posture in children can be crossed out by improper seating at a school desk or carrying a heavy backpack on one shoulder.

Medical principles for correcting the spine in a child

Incorrect posture in children requires their mandatory dispensary registration. In this case, the orthopedic traumatologist will determine best practices corrections:

With progressive scoliosis of 3-4 degrees, which is detected in 0.6-0.7% of children, hospital treatment is required: traction, underwater massage, special exercises;
Non-progressive scoliosis is treated on an outpatient basis until the end of the growth process of children;
When correcting the pathology, corrective gymnastics is carried out in the group of physiotherapy exercises;
Displacement of the axis of the spine in the lateral plane of 2-3 degrees requires a careful approach to treatment. Such children are assigned physical therapy classes in medical institution or medical and physical education dispensary.

With a stoop, flat and round back, it is necessary to orient children to regular exercise (at least 3 times a week).

Before performing therapeutic exercises, it is necessary to work out the posture of correct posture. Set the child against the wall and put a book on his head. It is necessary to hold it for the maximum time. With the help of this training, the correct posture is subconsciously fixed.

To prevent curvature of the back, you should pay attention to the following features:

Help prevent functional shortening of the limb correct selection shoes. With congenital flat feet, special shoes must be worn;
To sleep, the child needs to purchase a hard mattress;
Strict observance of the daily routine;
Rejection of some bad habits: wearing a backpack, incorrect position of the body at the school desk, throwing one leg to the other.

We draw the attention of parents to the fact that common cause postural disorders in children is flat feet. Unfortunately, the incorrect formation of the arch of the foot in the baby does not alarm parents. However, when walking in a child with flat feet, the weight of the body falls on the joints and spine, the depreciation function of the latter is disturbed.

Because the flat foot in children at first it does not hurt, the problem does not cause discomfort. Pain syndrome will occur only when calcium salts are deposited in the bones, and the human body does not have enough strength to ensure the function of movement.

Over time, after flat feet, there will be varicose veins veins of the lower extremities due to the load on the circulatory system of the legs.

Due to the rapid development of complications, doctors try to treat posture disorders as soon as they are discovered. The effectiveness of therapy directly depends on the patient's interest in the correctness, regularity and duration of the doctor's recommendations.

Strengthening the muscular corset

Exercises for violation of posture can strengthen the muscular corset of the back, improve the dynamic properties of skeletal muscles and prevent further displacement of the spine.

The course of therapeutic exercises should be carried out regularly and for a long time. The systematic exercise should not be less than 3 times a week.

Gymnastic exercises for, depending on the mechanism of action, are classified into 2 types:

static;
Dynamic.

Static exercises are designed to strengthen "slow" muscle groups. These fibers are often in a tonic state and relax very slowly. When the axis of the spine is curved, the "slow" muscles on one side of the body are in a spasmodic state. To prevent it, static exercises are prescribed.

Training of dynamic skeletal muscles is aimed at increasing its elasticity. In this case, “fast” muscle fibers are strengthened. They are able to quickly contract and relax. Activated with active physical movements.

Gymnastic exercises according to the characteristics of the impact on the muscles can be divided into 3 varieties:

symmetrical;
Asymmetrical;
Mixed.

Symmetrical exercises work symmetrical muscle groups on both sides of the body. Asymmetric - aimed at strengthening individual muscle fibers. Combined options include both of the above groups.

Gymnastic exercises

Here is an approximate list of exercises that are used to correct spinal deformity in children:

Lift straight legs in a standing position. At the same time, for each count, try to reach the toe of your foot with the palm of your hand;
If you perform the “bicycle” exercise daily, you can quickly strengthen the abdominals. It involves simulating cycling while sitting on a chair;
Raise your legs to a height of 40 cm above the floor and change the height of the rise of the lower extremities constantly. In this case, one leg should move up and the other down;
Stretch your legs straight and place your arms along the body. In this position, lift your legs and fix them for 30 seconds at an angle of 30 degrees;
If the previous exercise is easy to perform, you can apply its complicated version: raise your legs at an angle of 45 degrees;
Lie on your back and perform "scissors" about 30 times (alternately wind one leg after the other in a raised position);
Lying, raise and lower your legs behind your head 10-15 times;
Sitting on a chair, secure your legs under a support (it could be a chair). Put your hands behind your head. Slowly unbend and lower;
Hang from the bar. Raise your legs straight to a right angle. The number of repetitions is 10-15 for 10 seconds;
Pull your knees towards your stomach lying position. The number of repetitions - according to well-being.

The above exercises for children can be performed by parents. They are convenient because they do not require long repetitions and strengthen the muscular corset of the back.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that there are no drugs that would make the muscles strong and the ligaments elastic. Only therapeutic exercises can lead to a royal posture.

Today, every tenth schoolchild is diagnosed with a violation of posture upon admission to the first grade, and after graduation, every fourth hears such a diagnosis. About 70% of children have posture disorders, and 10% have lateral curvature of the spine or scoliosis. Hippocrates explained the occurrence of this pathology - a violation of muscle balance.

Posture is a posture of ease standing man, which is determined by the ability to keep the head and body straight without tension. Posture depends entirely on the position of the spine and how it is in vertical position holds the musculoskeletal system. In children with incorrect posture, the chest seems to be sunken due to the shoulders being flattened, the head is tilted forward.

Correct posture can be characterized by the following indicators:

the position of the torso and head in an upright position;
the lower limbs are straightened at the knees and deployed at the hip joints;
the chest is "deployed";
shoulders slightly laid back;
abdomen is tucked up.

It is necessary to monitor the correct formation of posture not only for aesthetic reasons. If the posture is distorted, then this can lead to mental and physical illness varying degrees manifestations, as well as a significant decrease.

As a rule, a violation of posture appears during the period rapid growth: 5-8 and 11-13 years old. During this period, the muscles and bones increase significantly in length, and the posture maintenance mechanism adapts to the ongoing changes with a slight delay. Deviations are observed mainly in children of seven to eight years.

Many factors provoke curvature of the spine, for example:

Negatively affect the formation of the spine of the disease and malnutrition, as they disrupt the growth and proper development of bone, muscle and cartilage tissues.
Significant factors include birth defects development of the musculoskeletal system. An increase in lumbar flexion is almost inevitable if there is a bilateral congenital dislocation in the hip joint.
The propensity to deviate increases with uneven development certain groups muscles, especially when general weakness muscles. For example, if the shoulders are lowered to the bottom, this indicates that the trapezius muscles of the back are not working enough. If the shoulders are stretched forward, this indicates the predominance pectoral muscles and weak strength of the muscles that bring the shoulder blades together.
Overloading the unilateral work of certain muscles also plays an important role in the formation of posture, for example, the wrong position of the body during classes, games.

All of the above causes strengthen or weaken the existing curves of the spine, subsequently, the position of the shoulder blades and shoulders changes, the position of the body becomes asymmetrical. Gradually, incorrect posture becomes habitual and can be fixed. Be sure to watch your child!

sitting position

Parents should ensure that the child sits at the table correctly, does not put one leg under him, does not slouch, does not squint, leaning on his elbow. An incorrect body position is also a landing in which the torso is tilted to the side, turned or bent forward. The reason may be a chair far from the table, or a table (desk) that is too low. Perhaps the book being studied by the child is moved far away.

The habit of sitting with the right shoulder high will inevitably lead to the formation of an asymmetric position of the shoulder girdle. The table at which your child is engaged should not be too high or low for him. The left hand should not hang from the tabletop, and this is often the case if the table is round.

standing position

The most common reason for the formation of an asymmetric body position is the habit of standing with a half-bent leg to the side.

Hypodynamia

It is hypodynamia (a decrease in the strength of muscle contractions and motor activity) that is one of the main causes of violations of children's posture. Sad as it may seem, but the 20th century can be called the century of a sedentary person, or even a sedentary civilization, not unreasonably. The development of large urban agglomerations, modern transport, more and more new machines that facilitate work at home, at school - all this leads to cardinal changes in lifestyle.

Starting from the age of three, many kids join the ranks of groups of mental early development, and then this process moves forward. WITH early years children join watching video products, TV, outdoor outdoor games are replaced by virtual ones. At the same time, the musculoskeletal system is deliberately “turned off”.

The physical health of the muscles and skeleton clearly suffers from this inactivity. Day by day they become weaker and attract many pathologies. However, the child must develop harmoniously, and physical development should never be allowed to lag behind.

How to recognize a violation of posture in children in time?

The main signs of this pathological condition are as follows: When viewed from the back, when the child is standing: the shoulder blades and shoulders should be at the same level. Infragluteal folds of the spine - at the same level.

When viewed from the front, it should be noted whether the nipples and collarbone are at the same level. You can identify from the side and sluggish posture, stoop. This can be determined by eye, or you can use special tests.

Place the child with his back to the wall, buttocks, shoulder blades, back of the head - in contact with the wall. Then the child takes a step forward, while maintaining the correct position. If you find a curvature, then lay the baby on a hard, flat surface, face down, and arms extended along the body. If in the supine position the curvature of the spinal column is not preserved, then in this situation there is a violation of posture, which can be corrected.
Legs stand straight, the child leans forward, hands should touch the floor. During the tilt, on the back, the protrusion of the costal tubercles occurs strictly symmetrically on the left and right.
The shoulders are fixed, and the center of the chin with a turn of at least 80-90 degrees must touch the shoulder.
Muscle test. Lay the child on the couch, face down, the part of the body above the hips should be in weight outside the couch, hold the legs. The child must keep the horizontal position of the body. Normally for 5-6 years old - 30-60 seconds, for 7-10 years old - 1-1.5 minutes, for 12-16 years old - from 1.5 to 2.5 minutes. This test determines your child's ability to maintain long-term tension in the back muscles.

After you have identified weakness at home muscular system or poor posture, we strongly recommend that you consult with an orthopedist. If necessary, will be assigned additional methods research: electromyography, radiography, topographic photometry (a method that appeared not so long ago).

How to prevent posture problems?

The main condition for correct posture is the correct development of the body. The generally accepted norm is the observance of the general hygienic regimen: staying on fresh air, regular meals, alternating rest with classes. Strengthen the muscular corset should be from the first days of birth. But don't rush physical development, for example, to sit a child if he is not yet sitting, or to force him to walk in order to overtake his peers. In the future, excessive early vertical load can lead to the occurrence of orthopedic diseases. If your child is not going to sit or walk, then let him move to the maximum in a prone position, or crawling.

Try to engage in physical exercises with your child, as the lack of physical activity becomes the main obstacle to the development of the muscular corset. The strength of the muscles of the back and abdominal corset with rapid growth is necessary. If physical exercise are chosen correctly, they will prevent a violation of posture or help to determine it.

A few tips for selecting exercises:

If there is a tendency to stoop, then the back should be unbent to the position of the most straightened;
If the shoulders are brought forward - do it with children circular motions simultaneously with two hands back, bending the arms to the back of the head, to the shoulders, moving them back;
If the shoulder joints "hanging" - raising the shoulders, moving the arms through the sides up, with resistance stretching the arms up;
Correct posture is supported by balance exercises. For example, walking on a log, a bench with arms outstretched to the sides.

For the smallest, all exercises should be playful. For example, children will stretch and straighten their spine with great pleasure if they are asked to show an even column, or “frog jumps” will help correct lumbar lordosis, etc. Preschoolers are able to perform many more complex exercises, the main thing is to hide them beautifully behind the game form.

The developed habit of starting and ending the day with exercises to strengthen the back muscles will have a very positive effect on the posture of the child, abdominals. It is desirable to interest children in the problem of their posture, teach them to think about it during the day, during classes and rest. You can offer the child to monitor not only his own posture, but also the position of the back and shoulders of a friend. Such a competition can develop the habit of monitoring posture.

The above tips are more of a preventative method, as they are primarily useful for healthy children. If a child has posture disorders, then it is necessary that the doctor selects an individual set of exercises. The process of treating pathologies of the musculoskeletal system is complex, lengthy, and requires considerable effort. It happens that medical measures and problems with posture make some aspects of children's "social" life inaccessible, therefore it is better to prevent the occurrence of problems with posture than to treat later.

Keep your child interested sports activities, To gymnastic exercises and never learn about posture problems. Teach your child to live healthy!

Stages of development posture

Constant muscle activity is a powerful stimulus for their growth and proper formation. posture. In a newborn, the spine has the form of an arc, convexly facing backwards, such a relief is preserved for the first time after birth. When the child begins to hold his head (on average, by the end of the first month of life), the first bend appears in the neck, facing the bulge forward (cervical lordosis). Then, when sitting, from about 6 months, a bend in the thoracic region gradually forms. spine, facing the bulge back (thoracic kyphosis). For children of 10 months of age, a vertical posture is characteristic, they begin to stand and walk. But vertical posture is imperfect: abdominal muscles the child is very weak, therefore, in a vertical position, the stomach protrudes under the influence of gravity and in lumbar there is a slight bend forward bulge (lumbar lordosis). Gradually, at preschool age, the protrusion of the abdomen decreases, but does not disappear, the lumbar curve becomes more noticeable. The chest is flattened, and the shoulders are rounded, but located somewhat back. The knees are straight in the vertical position, but when walking they remain slightly bent. Formation of bends spine ends at 6 or 7 years of age. At primary school age posture the child basically retains the features before school age. A pronounced lumbar lordosis and a moderate bulge of the abdomen in a child are normal. bends spine necessary for a person to maintain balance in an upright position. They increase the elasticity of the spinal column, soften shocks and tremors during movement.

Posture disorders in children: causes

Development issues Usually a violation posture occurs during periods of rapid growth: at 5-8, and especially at 11-12 years. This is the time when the bones and muscles increase in length, and the mechanisms for maintaining the posture have not yet adapted to the changes that have occurred. Deviations are observed in most children 7-8 years old (56-82% junior schoolchildren). There are many factors that cause curvature spine.

For example, malnutrition and disease often disrupt correct height and development of muscle, bone and cartilage tissues, which adversely affects the formation posture. An important factor is congenital pathologies musculoskeletal system. For example, with bilateral congenital dislocation hip joints there may be an increase in lumbar flexion. An important role in the formation of deviations is played by the uneven development of certain muscle groups, especially against the background of general muscle weakness. For example, shoulders pulled forward are the result of a predominance of pectoral muscle strength and insufficient strength of the muscles that bring the shoulder blades together, and “hanging shoulders” are the result of insufficient work of the trapezius muscle. back. Important role plays an overload of certain muscles with one-sided work, for example, the wrong position of the body during games or classes. All these causes lead to an increase or decrease in existing physiological curves. spine. As a result, the position of the shoulders and shoulder blades changes, resulting in an asymmetric position of the body. Wrong posture gradually becomes habitual and can be fixed.

Wrong posture

Sitting position. Be sure to pay attention to how the child sits at the table during classes: does he put one leg under him. Perhaps he stoops or "skews" to one side, leaning on the elbow of a bent arm. An incorrect body position when sitting should include a landing in which the torso is turned, tilted to the side, or strongly bent forward. The reason for this position may be that the chair is far away from the table or the table itself is too low. Or maybe the book the baby is looking at is too far away from him. An asymmetric position of the shoulder girdle can be formed as a result of the habit of sitting, raising right shoulder. Take a closer look: perhaps the table at which the child is studying is too high for him, and left hand hangs down instead of lying on the countertop (the same can happen if the table is round).

Standing position. The habit of standing with the leg set aside and half-bent, as well as the crooked landing, develops an asymmetric body position. This can exacerbate lateral curvature spine caused by other causes (for example, underdevelopment of the lumbosacral spine).

Hypodynamia ... kids

Another important factor in the occurrence of violations posture children should be considered a notorious way of life. It is sad, but modern children began to move less. Starting from the age of 3, many kids join the ranks of early development groups (primarily mental), then the process of acquiring knowledge is on the rise, and during classes the child is forced to sit for a long time. In addition, children early join watching TV, video products, they can sit for hours at a computer games, and on the street, having met with friends, instead of outdoor games, they enthusiastically discuss the features of the passage and the codes of this or that electronic "shooter". What to do, you want to be modern, follow current trends life. However, a person must develop harmoniously, physical development should not lag behind. The weakness of the muscular corset in our children is primarily due to the lack of adequate physical activity, while with rapid growth, the strength of the abdominal muscles and back just needed.

Violation of posture in a child: how to recognize in time?

Main signs. In order to notice the deviation in time, parents need to pay more attention to the position of the shoulders and back baby. His shoulders and shoulder blades should be at the same level. Correct posture is also important. spine- whether it is curved to the right or to the left, whether the subgluteal folds are located at the same level. These signs of lateral curvature can be seen by examining the child from back when he is standing. When viewed from the front, it should be noted whether the clavicles and nipples are at the same level. From the side view, you can determine such violations as stooping or sluggish posture. This can be done by eye or use a special test. The child stands with his back to the wall so that the back of the head, shoulder blades, buttocks, shins are in contact with the wall, and then takes a step forward, trying to maintain the correct position of the body. (The same test can be used as an exercise to develop a good posture.)

If a curvature is detected, it is necessary to examine the baby's back, laying him on a flat hard surface face down, arms along the body. If the curvature of the spinal column in the prone position is not preserved, then we are still talking only about a violation posture which can be corrected. Muscle test . There are several simple tests to determine the state of the child's muscular system. To do this, assess the baby's ability to prolonged stress muscles back . The child is placed face down on the couch so that the part of the body above the hips is out of the couch in weight, hands on the belt (the child's legs are held by an adult). Normally, children 5-6 years old can hold horizontal position torso 30-60 seconds, children 7-10 years old - 1-1.5 minutes, 12-16 years old - from 1.5 to 2.5 minutes. Development abdominal muscles, is determined by the number of continuous repetition of the transition from a lying position to a sitting position and back (with fixation of the legs) at a slow pace, no more than 16 times per minute. The norm for preschoolers is 10-15 times, for children 7-11 years old - from 15 to 20 times, at 16-18 years old - from 20-30 times. If violations are found posture and/or weakness of the muscular system, the child should be consulted with an orthopedic doctor, traumatologist or physiotherapy doctor. The doctor examines the child, if necessary, additional research methods are performed: radiography, electromyography, etc. Lately appeared new method research - topographic photometry, - allowing not only to diagnose violations of the state musculoskeletal system but also evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The method is based on photography posture of the patient after the doctor applied the main landmarks on the back of the child with a marker.

Prevention of posture disorders in children

Since one of the basic conditions for the correct posture- the correct development of the body, you need to try to create as much as possible favorable conditions for growth. In particular, it is very important to observe the general hygienic regime: regularity in eating, sufficient exposure to the air, the right combination classes and recreation, the use of hardening agents. Strengthening the muscle corset should be done from infancy, but at the same time, one should not rush the physical development of the child and forcibly plant him when he is not yet sitting on his own, or force the baby to walk at 9 months, or even earlier. Early axial (vertical) loading can cause the development of orthopedic diseases in a baby. Let the baby move more in a lying position or crawl until he sits or rises to his feet. No less preventive importance is a group of activities that affect the overall physical development and functional state muscular system, since the active retention of the body, upper and lower extremities in the correct position is possible only with the active participation of the muscles. For this, special exercises are used. Lack of physical activity hinders the development of the muscular corset, while with rapid growth, the strength of the abdominal muscles and back necessary. Properly selected physical activity prevents violations posture and help to overcome them. Exercises are selected depending on the type of curvature spine: for children with a tendency to stoop, extensions are recommended back with an effort to the most straightened position, for children with shoulder joints brought forward, circular movements are useful simultaneously with both hands back, moving them back, bending the arms to the shoulders, to the back of the head. When "hanging" shoulder joints useful abduction of hands through the sides up, raising the shoulders, stretching the arms up with opposition (an adult puts his hands on the shoulders of the child). Working out the right posture Balance exercises also help. For example, walking on a bench or a log with your arms out to the sides. In addition, the age of the child must be taken into account. For babies It is recommended to select exercises of a game nature. So, for example, children will be happy to perform the straightening-stretching exercise. spine, if you ask them to depict a column of mercury in a thermometer under the rays of the sun. While doing the "Lumberjack" exercise, children "chop wood" by turning the upper body. The frog jump exercise helps correct lumbar lordosis. preschool children (from 4-5 years old) are able to understand and cope with more complex gymnastic tasks. sidebar

Approximate complex special exercises to strengthen muscles back and the press (can be performed from 4-5 years old and up to adolescence): 1. Initial position- standing, hands on the belt. Spread your elbows, bringing your shoulder blades together - inhale; return to i.p. - exhale. 2. I.p.- standing, legs apart, hands to the shoulders. Lean forward with a straight back - exhale; return to i.p. - breath. 3. I.p.- standing with a gymnastic stick in his hands. Raise the stick forward up - exhale; return to i.p. - inhale .. 4. I.p.- standing, stick in lowered hands. Sit down with arms outstretched forward; return to i.p. The back is straight. 5. I.p.- standing, stick on the shoulder blades. Lean forward, stretching your arms up (take out a stick); return to i.p. 6. I.p.- lying on your back, on an inclined plane, holding hands on the rail of the gymnastic wall. Bend your legs, pull up to your stomach - exhale; straighten - inhale. 7. I.p.- lying on your back, arms along the body. Bicycle leg movements. 8. I.p. - lying on your back, arms to the sides. Stretch your arms forward raise left leg and touch your hand, then right leg. Accept i.p. 9. I.p. - lying on the stomach, arms to the sides. Raise the body by bending thoracic region spine(reach for ceiling) return to i.p. 10. I.p. - lying on the stomach, hands on the belt. Raise the body up and raise the right leg - inhale; return to i.p. - exhale. Repeat the exercise by lifting the straight left leg. eleven. I.p.- lying on the stomach, arms bent in elbow joints, a gymnastic stick is held on the shoulder blades. Raise the body by bending it through a gymnastic stick; return to i.p. Breathing is arbitrary. A set of exercises is performed daily in the morning or in the evening, depending on the peak of the child's activity, but not earlier than an hour after a meal or 30-60 minutes before it. The pace is slow, you should start with 5 repetitions, bring to 10, the whole complex takes 30-40 minutes. In order for the exercises to work accurately enough, they must be performed intensively, that is, above the usual level of ability of children. At first, easier exercises are given with a gradual transition to more difficult ones. During the session, pauses for rest are repeatedly made. It is recommended to rest in a prone position:

lying on your back, legs slightly pulled up to the stomach, hands behind the head;
lying on the stomach, the chin rests on the hands.

If the child is significantly weakened, it is advisable to combine daily exercise with physiotherapy exercises to strengthen muscles. back and abdominal press in the clinic with a doctor of physiotherapy exercises. At the beginning and at the end of each lesson, children should practice correct posture. For this, a test exercise is suitable, which is performed against the wall. Get them interested in the problem. posture, make you think about it during the day, check it not only during gymnastics, but also during classes at the table, on a walk. child attending kindergarten, you can offer to monitor not only yourself, but also the posture of your comrades. Usually this turns into a kind of competition between children: who will find whom more often in the position of the wrong posture. Such a competition forces children to be alert and always maintain a normal position. back- eventually, it will become a habit. The set of exercises given by us can be considered more prophylactic. It is primarily useful for practically healthy children, and not only for those who have a violation. posture(for such small patients, depending on the defect, the doctor will select an individual set of special exercises). Treatment of the pathology of the musculoskeletal system is always long, complex, requiring significant efforts not only from specialists, but also from the patient himself. Sometimes problems with posture and therapeutic measures make certain aspects of the "public" children's life inaccessible to the child. Therefore, it is important to prevent the occurrence of violations posture, i.e. systematically engage in adequate physical activity and regularly (annually) visit an orthopedic doctor with the child for preventive examinations. Besides, general development the baby can be improved with the help of sports sections, which can be visited from 4-5 years old. better development posture promotes swimming (preferably breaststroke, backstroke). In addition, volleyball, basketball, cross-country skiing are useful. Try to keep your child interested in sports, and this will allow him to avoid many problems associated with posture.

Various types of postural disorders are not always painless. But in the worst cases, they are accompanied by severe symptoms and lead to complex diseases. Correct posture is the basis healthy spine. Even with the most harmless deviations, it needs correction in order to avoid the development of dangerous pathologies.

Disease Definition

Violation of posture is a musculoskeletal imbalance, during which the load on the supporting structures of the body increases. Subsequently, this leads to injuries and progressive deformation of the spine.

The function of posture is carried out by maintaining the head and torso of a person in space. Due right position skeleton and muscles, formed under the influence of gravity, we can move freely, stand or sit.

The main tasks of posture include:

maintenance of the musculoskeletal system

less wear and tear on joints

cushioning in motion

Posture is considered not only physical, but also mental feature person. It has been scientifically proven that it affects the formation of personality. A person with correct posture is more confident and attractive to others.

What causes posture disorders? Postural imbalance is caused different reasons: congenital curvature of the spine, the presence of diseases, past injuries and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Age also leads to deformation of posture. Since the support of the spine and legs is based on muscles, the aging process weakens them.

However main reason impairment is considered immobility. When a person spends most of its time in one position, the spine quickly gets used to it. Factors contributing to poor posture:

Heredity
Chronic bone diseases
Passive lifestyle
Lack of physical activity
Joint stiffness
muscle weakness
Non-ergonomic sleeping furniture

Violation of posture in children is even more common than in adults. A child is born with a straight spine, and his physiology is shaped in the process of growth. IN childhood incorrect posture quickly leads to deformation of the spine, chest, pelvis, lower extremities and feet. Schoolchildren and adolescents often experience posture disorders due to improper load distribution (for example, wearing a backpack on one shoulder). And a bent position sitting at a desk leads to stoop. In children, these habits are enhanced by stretching the muscles and ligaments of the neck.

Also for complex therapy How additional funds can be used for primary treatment medications from categories and , such as corsets and special bandages.

In order to avoid postural imbalance, it is important to eliminate everything that leads to poor posture. Some recommendations will not only prevent the development of problems with the spine, but also improve well-being in general.

Prevention of postural disorders is carried out by observing healthy lifestyle life:

Daily regime. It is necessary to strictly adhere to sleep, your activities and food intake.

Physical activity is a pledge general health person. Swimming, walking, exercising and any set of exercises will keep your muscles and body always in good shape.

Shoe selection. Incorrect correction of shoes leads to a defect in the feet.

Load distribution. When performing heavy physical labor and carrying a load, it is important to maintain balance. The load on the body must be uniform.

Pose. Always be aware of how you stand, work at your desk, or sleep. The more time you spend in wrong position the faster the body gets used to it.

posture disorder,

- changes in the physiological position of the spine due to structural and functional changes V musculoskeletal system. Posture disorders in children can be manifested by stoop, asymmetry of the spine, pain in the chest or back, headaches, asthenovegetative syndrome. Diagnosis of postural disorders in children includes a visual examination, radiography (CT, MRI) of the spine. Correction of posture disorders in children is carried out with the help of physiotherapy exercises, massage, manual therapy; according to the indications, the wearing of corrective corsets is prescribed.

Causes

Defects in posture in children can be congenital or acquired. Congenital posture disorders in children are associated with intrauterine disorders of the formation of the spine (wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebrae, the formation of additional vertebrae), dysplasia connective tissue, myotonic syndrome and others. Birth injuries can lead to a violation of posture in children, first of all, subluxation of the 1st cervical vertebra (atlas injury), torticollis.

Acquired posture disorders occur in 90-95% of cases and are usually detected in children with an asthenic physique. The immediate causes leading to a violation of posture in children may be unfavorable social and hygienic conditions: insufficient physical activity(hypokinesia), inconsistency of educational furniture (table, chair) with the height of the child and low illumination of the workplace, carrying a briefcase in the same hand, etc. All of these factors contribute to prolonged incorrect fixation of the position and the development of the skill of a pathological position of the body. It should also be noted here adverse effect on the emerging child's posture of such actions of adults as the constant wearing baby on one arm, trying to sit the child down too early or put him on his legs, leading the child while walking by the same hand.

Acquired posture disorders in children can be formed due to rickets, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, spinal fractures, osteomyelitis, hallux valgus deformity, flat feet, osteochondropathy, deforming scars on the back, shortening of one limb, etc. Quite often, children suffering from myopia, astigmatism, strabismus or hearing loss , are forced to take the wrong posture during work in order to compensate for the defect in visual or auditory perception.

Predisposing factors for the formation of postural disorders in children are poor physical development, improper regimen, malnutrition or obesity, somatic weakness of the child, lack of intake of trace elements and vitamins.

Classification

Diagnostics

All cases of postural disorders require consultation of children by a vertebrologist or pediatric orthopedic traumatologist, clinical and radiological examinations.

Inspection of the child is carried out in a standing position in front, side and rear. The main visual criteria for violation of posture in children are: the shoulder blades protruding backward and located at different levels and at different distances from the spine; deviation of the processes of the spine from the midline of the back; asymmetry of the gluteal folds, multi-level arrangement of the popliteal fossae; concave or convex chest; asymmetry of the ribs, abduction of the shoulders forward, etc. Sometimes, for greater accuracy, they resort to measuring various parameters (the distance between the 7th cervical vertebra and lower angles of the shoulder blades, the distance between the shoulder blades, the length of the lower limbs, the calculation of the shoulder index, etc.).

Important in the diagnosis of posture disorders in children is the Adams test (forward torso), which determines the functional state of the spinal curves and the presence of a rotational component, which is a differential diagnostic sign of scoliosis.

Instrumental methods of examination are the most accurate, since they allow avoiding subjective errors associated with the visual diagnosis of posture disorders in children. If necessary, the child undergoes X-ray, CT or MRI of the spine.

Treatment of posture disorders in children

The treatment complex for violations of posture in children should be aimed at the formation of a full-fledged muscular corset, the development of the correct functional stereotype.

The main role in the correction of postural disorders in children belongs to physiotherapy exercises

Prediction and prevention of posture disorders in children

In most cases, a properly organized therapeutic-motor regime contributes to the complete correction of posture disorders in children. With existing persistent deformities of the spine, surgical correction of scoliosis may be required.

For the prevention of postural disorders in children, the correct daily routine, good nutrition, sleep on an orthopedic mattress and pillow, accurate selection of shoes, proper organization working space, etc. To develop the skill of correct posture, children need a full-fledged physical activity(walks, outdoor games, gymnastics, sports), hardening, preventive massage. Children with posture disorders should be registered with a pediatric orthopedist.