PP is a vitamin that many people know as nicotinic acid, B3, niacin or nicotinamide. This substance is simply necessary for the human body. After all, the vitamin has a fairly powerful healing effect. IN traditional medicine the substance is equivalent to a drug.
Description of the substance
Vitamin PP has several derivatives: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. These substances have an active form. Nicotinic acid, among many drugs, according to experts, is an effective drug that allows you to regulate cholesterol levels in the blood. This active formula of vitamin PP neutralizes heart attacks, thereby prolonging human life.
It is worth noting that nicotinic acid is synthesized by the body and accumulates. These processes occur with the participation of tryptophan. However, for sufficient production, one amino acid is not enough. This also requires a certain amount of protein of animal origin.
What functions does vitamin PP perform?
Health depends on this vitamin digestive system person. With the active participation of the substance in the processes of digestion and assimilation of food, peristalsis and intestinal motility are significantly improved, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is stimulated: pancreas, liver, secretion is normalized gastric juice. It is worth noting that vitamin PP has an anti-inflammatory effect.
It's hard to imagine normal work hormonal system, as well as her glands without this substance. Vitamin PP is contained in many products. They should be included in your daily diet. After all, when you consume the daily dose of vitamin, it produces sufficient quantity insulin, cortisone, thyroxine, estrogens, testosterone and progesterone. In addition, the component is involved in many important processes:
- normalization of lipid metabolism;
- tissue growth;
- reduction in blood cholesterol levels;
- the occurrence of acid-base processes;
- regeneration;
- formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin;
- converting sugar and fats into energy;
- formation of ATP molecules.
Vitamin PP is also useful because if there is enough of it in the body, migraine attacks are much easier.
Use as a medicine
Why is vitamin PP called a medicine? What is it for? This is the only substance among vitamins that is recognized as a medicine. In addition, hypovitaminosis of this component is considered fatal disease. Vitamin PP itself is a medicine for such a pathology. Most often, it is prescribed as an independent drug.
Other diseases are also treated with this drug, including:
- ailments associated with liver function: acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis;
- spasms of blood vessels in the brain and limbs;
- neuritis;
- increased cholesterol levels in the blood, as well as atherosclerosis;
- failure to heal internal and external ulcers and wounds for a long time;
- infectious diseases;
- Harntup's disease, malabsorption;
- fever;
- hyperthyroidism;
- various tumors;
- osteoarthritis;
- diabetes.
It is worth noting that vitamin PP is simply necessary for pregnant women. Especially those who are carrying more than one fetus. Also, the component is required in increased quantities for nursing mothers. In most cases, vitamin PP is prescribed to pregnant women who are drug or nicotine dependent.
How does vitamin deficiency manifest itself?
- heartburn, nausea;
- dizziness;
- decreased appetite;
- unpleasant odor from the mouth;
- sore gums;
- diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders;
- muscle weakness;
- fast fatiguability;
- apathy and depression;
- insomnia and irritability;
- headache;
- loss of orientation, dementia;
- dryness and pallor of the skin, dermatitis and peeling;
- weakened immunity, tachycardia, pain in the lower and upper extremities.
Vitamin for hair
Experts recommend using vitamin PP for hair. Nicotinic acid is ideal for caring for curls. However, taking such a drug by injection or orally does not give positive result during hair restoration. To achieve a lasting effect, you should use nicotinic acid in liquid form. The vitamin solution is simply rubbed into the hair. There are also special hair masks with this component.
With local exposure to vitamin PP, there is an expansion of blood vessels, improved blood circulation, as well as the transport of trace elements and oxygen to the roots. It is worth noting that nicotinic acid accelerates the process of cell renewal. This significantly speeds up hair growth. Due to this property of the substance, products containing PP (vitamin) are used for the prevention and treatment of baldness.
A nicotinic acid can not only affect the hair follicles, but also actively influence the process of pigment production. Thanks to this, the process of strand discoloration - graying - slows down. In addition, the vitamin makes hair more beautiful and shiny.
What products contain the component?
Where to look for vitamin PP? What products does it contain? This substance is found in almost everything. Products with increased content of this component there are both animal and plant origin. They should be consumed daily.
What does vitamin PP contain? Where is the substance found? Largest quantity Vitamin PP is present in products of animal origin. These include: milk, eggs, fish, kidneys, pork, cheese, beef liver, poultry. When choosing products, you should consider some nuances. The most vitamin PP is found in squid, mackerel, sardines, chum salmon, horse mackerel, salmon, tuna and pike. As for poultry meat, it is better to buy turkey, goose or chicken.
As for products of plant origin, to replenish the body's reserves of vitamin PP, you should consume cereal crops, wheat germ, yeast, corn flour, dates, legumes, tomatoes, nuts (pistachios, cashews, pine nuts, peanuts), broccoli, potatoes, carrots.
Contained useful substance also in herbs. The most vitamin PP is found in dandelions, oats, parsley, mullein, nettles, fennel seeds, fenugreek, eyebright, hops, horsetail, ginseng, peppermint, chamomile, raspberry leaves, chickweed, cayenne pepper, red clover, catnip, rose hips, alfalfa, burdock roots, sage and sorrel.
Are all products the same?
It is worth noting that the content of vitamin PP in food is not the same. It all depends on the form in which the substance is present in them. For example, legumes contain vitamin PP, which is quite easily absorbed by the body. As for corn and grains, the substance contained in such products is in a severe form. It is poorly absorbed. It is for this reason that in countries where corn is considered the main source of nutrition, diseases associated with a lack of vitamin PP often occur.
How much should you consume per day?
To avoid vitamin PP deficiency, it is necessary to consume it daily. The body must receive at least 20 mg of the substance per day. Concerning daily value for children, it should be from 6 to 21 mg. It all depends on age. Increased quantity Vitamin PP is required by young men during the period of active growth of the body. The need for this component also increases with increased nervous and physical stress.
Women during breastfeeding, as well as during pregnancy, should consume approximately 25 mg of vitamin PP per day.
Is there an overdose?
About 20% of vitamin PP is absorbed with food. If you consume nicotinic acid with a normal diet without consulting a specialist, hypervitaminosis may occur. This condition can be determined by the following symptoms:
- rash and itching;
- numbness of the limbs;
- fainting and dizziness;
- arrhythmia and darkening of the eyes;
- nausea and vomiting;
- prostration.
If signs of hypervitaminosis occur, you must immediately stop taking vitamin PP. Symptoms similar condition disappear quickly.
Which vitamin complex to choose
Vitamin PP is nicotinic acid, the use of which improves the condition of the body. If there is an acute shortage of this component, the doctor may prescribe a complex if there are not enough plant and animal sources. To replenish vitamin PP reserves, the following may be prescribed:
- Complex "AstrumVit" - the drug contains minerals and vitamins, including inositol, vanadium, vitamins D and B, antioxidants and so on.
- "MenoFix" - a complex designed to improve the condition of the female body.
- Transfer factor "Cardio" is a drug that helps support the cardiovascular system.
- "Diet Support" is a fat-burning complex made on the basis of natural ingredients.
- "Astrum-Mammi" is a complex intended for pregnant and lactating women.
Who is contraindicated in taking vitamin PP?
In some cases, consuming PP (vitamin) is strictly prohibited. Nicotinic acid is contraindicated during exacerbation of certain housing and communal diseases: severe liver damage, peptic ulcer duodenum and stomach.
It is also worth giving up vitamin PP for those who suffer from gout, severe atherosclerosis and hypertension. The basis for contraindication of nicotinic acid is the presence in the blood great content uric acid.
How does a vitamin interact with other substances?
In order for PP (vitamin) to be better absorbed, it is recommended to combine it with vitamins of group F. These substances are found in shellfish, black currants, avocados, sprouted wheat, soybeans, legumes, almonds, walnuts, peanuts, seeds, dried fruits, oatmeal, herring, mackerel and salmon, vegetable oils.
It is not recommended to combine nicotinic acid with ascorbic acid, magnesium, copper and iron. It is best to use vitamin PP in combination with vitamins B 6, B 12, B 1, B 9. These substances allow nicotinic acid to be absorbed quickly and easily. Which has a good effect on the functioning of the body as a whole.
One of the most popular vitamins for humans has several names: niacin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B3 or PP. The substance sets the tone for all processes occurring in cells, so its deficiency immediately affects health. The main sign that there is a lack of nicotinic acid in the body is the development of pellagra. It is often called the “three D” disease - based on the number of the most striking symptoms (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia). Thanks to its properties and of great importance for human health, the vitamin itself and nicotinic acid amide are equal in official medicine to the medicine.
Vitamin PP: brief information
Vital essential substance It was revealed to people gradually. Nicotinic acid was first obtained in 1867 during experiments, but remained nameless for several years. It received its current name in 1873 after more detailed research.
But only at the beginning of the twentieth century its chemical properties and benefits for human body. Thanks to this, scientists have learned to heal pellagra, a disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract and manifests itself as skin damage and mental disorders. Based on the first letters of the Latin phrase Preventive pellagra, the substance was given another name - vitamin PP.
The latter name hides several forms of the vitamin - nicotinic acid itself and its derivative - nicotinamide (nicotinic acid amide). Both substances play a decisive role in metabolic processes, since they are part of codehydrases I and II - compounds that determine the course of redox reactions and help eliminate pellagra.
In addition, they transport hydrogen, are responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, and participate in more than fifty biochemical reactions, as a result of which substances entering the body are converted into energy. They also promote the synthesis of hormone-like compounds that determine the level of immunity.
Although the actions of nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid amide are generally similar, there are some differences between them.
(formula C 6 H 5 NO 2) is a β-pyridine carboxylic acid. IN pure form looks like a powder of needle-shaped colorless crystals. The substance dissolves in water (poorly in cold water, faster in hot water), and slightly in alcohol and ether. Retains its characteristics after exposure high temperatures(boiling) and autoclaving.
Nicotinamide (nicotinic acid amide) is slightly different in structure from the acid itself. Its formula is C 6 H 6 N 2 O.
Acid regulates cholesterol levels: reduces the content of bad and increases the concentration of good. It also has a vasodilating effect, causing a rush of blood to the head.
Nicotinic acid amide acts a little differently:
- Participates in all processes along with acid, but it does not have the ability to dilate blood vessels. Therefore, it acts more gently and is easier to tolerate by the body.
- Does not have a pronounced effect on cholesterol levels. But it has a better effect on patients with diabetes: it regulates the production of insulin, reducing its need, and at the same time prevents damage to the pancreas. It has been observed that its consumption significantly reduces the risk of developing type 1 diabetes – by 50%.
- Promotes the proper functioning of metabolic processes in bones, therefore it is widely used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
- Has some antiviral and antioxidant effects.
- Has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, as it has sedative effect. Therefore, it supports the psycho-emotional state well and prevents discord. mental abilities. Nicotinic acid amide is often prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, personality degradation due to alcoholism, and the elimination of depressive conditions.
Niacin is used for the therapy of:
- Pellagra
- Gastrointestinal diseases (especially gastritis with low acidity)
- Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis
- Vascular spasms (in the limbs, brain, kidneys)
- Atherosclerosis
- Neurites
- Poorly healing skin lesions (wounds, ulcers)
- Infectious diseases.
There are several factors for the development of hypo- and vitamin B3 deficiency:
- Unbalanced diet
- Insufficient consumption of foods containing the amino acid tryptophan (a substance required for the absorption and conversion of the vitamin)
- Diseases, causing disturbance absorption of niacin in the gastrointestinal tract
- Gastrointestinal pathologies
- Surgical operations on the intestines.
How does vitamin PP deficiency manifest?
If the body is chronically insufficient in obtaining nicotinic acid, this provokes the development of hypovitaminosis (partial deficiency) and vitamin deficiency (complete absence).
In the first case, the symptoms may not be expressed, since the body can cover the deficiency through vitamin reserves in the tissues. It is usually enough to ensure primary life processes. But in general, a person will feel lethargic and constantly tired. Besides general weakness, the fact that there is a deficiency of nicotinic acid in the body can be judged by:
- Frequent headaches, dizziness
- Deterioration or lack of appetite
- Irritability
- Sleep disorders, insomnia
- Pale and dry skin
- Constipation
- Susceptibility to diseases.
If the cause of the malaise is not identified in time and the supply of nicotinic acid amide is not established, then depletion of the reserves of the endogenous substance will lead to the occurrence of pellagra.
- Chronic diarrhea (5 or more times a day)
- Lack of appetite, weight loss
- Discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract, heartburn
- Swelling of mucous tissues
- Skin rashes and ulcerations
- Soreness and redness of the gums
- Cracks and inflammation of the tongue
- Myalgia
- Tinnitus
- High blood pressure
- Numbness or painful sensations in the limbs
- Mental disorders, dementia
- Depressive state.
All of the above symptoms may manifest themselves partially, so the development of pellagra can be judged by three main signs: chronic diarrhea, skin lesion, dementia. If a patient experiences all three disorders at the same time, this is a signal of a lack of vitamin B3.
Overdose
The natural substances contained in the products practically do not cause overdose. It can be triggered by the ingestion or administration of a synthetic substance.
Taking ultra-high doses of the drug promotes the release of histamine, resulting in the development of allergic reactions(itching, redness of the skin), rapid heartbeat, stomach upset, yellowness of the skin. In severe cases, loss of consciousness is possible.
Excessive consumption large quantity Nicotinic acid promotes the accumulation of fats, resulting in the development of stetosis - fatty degeneration of the liver.
Daily requirement
To prevent a lack of niacin (or nicotinamide), it is best to balance your diet by including natural foods that contain the substance or take a course of vitamin therapy.
You can satisfy the body's needs for HP with the help of a balanced diet. Daily norm(mg):
- Up to 12 months – 6
- 1-2 years – 9-10
- 3-4 years – 12
- 5-7 years – 13
- 7-10 years – 15
Teenagers:
- 14-17 years – 18-21
Adults (from 18 years old) – 20.
Daily requirement in the substance increases:
- During intense mental and physical activity
- When living in an ecologically unfavorable area or extreme conditions
- When working with harmful conditions labor
- During pregnancy and pregnancy
- With a poor diet ( low calorie diets, fasting, vegetarianism, observing church fasts).
If the body is healthy and contains a sufficient amount of the amino acid tryptophan, then it itself synthesizes niacin (nicotinic acid). There is enough endogenous substance to carry out all biochemical processes. But if various reasons If it is produced less, or consumption increases, then one’s own resources become insufficient, and therefore additional sources of the vitamin are required.
You can eliminate the deficiency with the help of drugs, but if you have the opportunity and your health condition is not critical, then it is better to use natural sources by balancing your diet. To do this, just pay attention to products with a high inclusion of vitamins.
- Coffee (beans) – 17 mg
- Yeast – 11.4 mg
- Beef liver – 9 mg
- Chicken – 7.8 mg
- Rabbit meat – 6.2
- Beef kidneys and heart – 5.7 mg
- Porcini mushrooms – 5 mg
- Beef – 4.7 mg
- Buckwheat – 4.19 mg
- Wheat bread – 4 mg
- Lamb – 3.8 mg
- Cod – 2.3 mg
- Hazelnuts – 2 mg
- Barley groats – 2.74 mg
- Pearl barley – 2 mg
- Cocoa powder – 1.8 mg
- Cod liver – 1.79 mg
- Rice – 1.6 mg
- Garlic – 1.2 mg
- Walnuts – 1 mg
- Carrots – 1 mg
- Red bell pepper– 1 mg
- Hercules – 1 mg.
Food - the best way cope with a lack of vitamin PP, since another source of nicotinic acid in the form synthetic drugs may be prohibited for use due to contraindications.
Medicines containing nicotinic acid
With severe hypovitaminosis B3, nutritional correction alone is not enough, so a course of medications is required. Depending on the patient’s condition, the doctor may prescribe nicotinic acid in injections or tablets. Such vitamin supplements are produced at many pharmaceutical enterprises in Russia and other countries:
Nicotinic acid (ampoules 1%). Manufacturers: “Zdorovye”, “Dalkhimfarm”, “Biosintez”, “Update PFC” (RF), “Biostimulator”, “Darnitsa” (Ukraine). Packaging price (10 amps) – 50-110 rubles.
Nicotinic acid (50 mg tablets). Manufacturers: Pharmstandard-Ufavita, Moskhimfarmpreparaty (RF). Price (50 pcs.) – 27-40 rub.
Nicotinic acid (vitamin B3, vitamin PP, niacin) - description and instructions for use (tablets, injections), what products contain, how to use for weight loss, for hair growth and strengthening, reviews and price of drugs
Thank you
A nicotinic acid is a water-soluble vitamin also called niacin, vitamin RR or AT 3. This vitamin ensures the normal course of all redox biochemical reactions in any organs and tissues. And since redox reactions are the basis of the life of any cell, then, accordingly, nicotinic acid is necessary for the normal functioning of any organs and tissues of the body.
Nicotinic acid deficiency leads to pellagra– a disease that also bears the figurative name “three D”, since its main manifestations are dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia.
Action of nicotinic acid
Nicotinic acid is the only vitamin that is classified as a medicine because it has the ability to treat any disease. In principle, vitamin PP is the most effective drug that reduces blood cholesterol levels. However, in addition to its therapeutic activity, nicotinic acid performs a number of very important biological functions. Thus, nicotinic acid activates enzymes that ensure the production of energy in cells from fats and carbohydrates. That is, it is under the influence of vitamin PP that sugars and fats are converted into the energy necessary for the life of every cell of any organ or tissue. Accordingly, with a lack of this vitamin, the process of energy production is disrupted, as a result of which cells various organs stop working normally and performing their functions. This is why nicotinic acid supports normal functioning all organs and tissues, and is especially important for the heart and blood vessels.
In addition, niacin activates enzymes that ensure the formation of sex hormones in men and women (estrogens, testosterone, progesterone), as well as insulin, cortisone and thyroxine.
As a medicine, vitamin PP has the following therapeutic effects:
- Vasodilator;
- Hypolipidemic (reduces the level of atherogenic lipid fractions in the blood);
- Hypocholesterolemic (reduces blood cholesterol levels).
This is why, as a medicine, niacin is the most effective means of controlling blood cholesterol levels. Thus, in people who have suffered a myocardial infarction, regular use of nicotinic acid increases the percentage and extends survival much better than any other pharmaceutical drugs.
In addition, nicotinic acid fights major risk factors cardiovascular diseases, such as:
- Increased levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood;
- Low lipoprotein levels high density(HDL) in the blood;
- High concentration of lipoprotein in the blood;
- High levels of triglycerides (TG, TAG) in the blood.
Also, the use of nicotinic acid can significantly reduce the dosage of insulin in people suffering from type I diabetes. In addition, with regular use, vitamin PP prevents the development of diabetes, as it protects pancreatic cells from damage. According to a study conducted in New Zealand, preventive administration of niacin to children aged 5–7 years reduced the incidence of diabetes by half (50%).
In osteoarthritis, nicotinic acid reduces the severity pain syndrome and improves the mobility of affected joints.
Vitamin PP has a sedative (calming) effect. In addition, nicotinic acid increases the effectiveness of medications used to treat depression, anxiety, decreased attention, alcoholism and schizophrenia. In these conditions, isolated use of nicotinic acid gives positive results. therapeutic effect.
Nicotinic acid has excellent detoxifying properties, so it is used to remove toxic substances from the body of people who have been exposed to them for some time.
Regular intake of nicotinic acid can prevent migraine attacks and alleviate their course.
Daily requirement for nicotinic acid and products containing it
Since there is no nicotinic acid depot in the human body, this vitamin must be supplied with food daily in quantities necessary to meet the needs of all organs and systems. The daily requirement for vitamin PP for people of different ages is as follows:- Children under 1 year old– 6 mg per day;
- Children 1 – 1.5 years old– 9 mg per day;
- Children 1.5 – 2 years old– 10 mg per day;
- Children 3 – 4 years old– 12 mg per day;
- Children 5 – 6 years old– 13 mg per day;
- Children 7 – 10 years old– 15 mg per day;
- Children 11 – 13 years old– 19 mg per day;
- Boys 14 – 17 years old– 21 mg per day;
- Girls 14 – 17 years old– 18 mg per day;
- Adult women and men over 18 years of age– 20 mg per day;
- Adult women and men engaged in heavy physical labor– 25 mg per day;
- Pregnant women and nursing mothers– 20 – 25 mg per day.
- Work associated with mental stress (for example, pilots, surgeons, air traffic controllers, etc.);
- Living in the Far North;
- Work in hot climates;
- Work in hot shops (for example, blast furnace production, crimping and steelmaking shops, etc.);
- Periods of pregnancy and lactation;
- Heavy physical work;
- A diet with a low protein content and a predominance of vegetable fats over animal fats in the diet.
The largest amounts of nicotinic acid are found in following products power supply:
- Porcini;
- Walnut;
- Yeast;
- Potato;
- Cayenne pepper;
- Burdock root ;
- Chicken meat;
- Dried apricots;
- Raspberry leaves;
- Dandelion leaves;
- Oatmeal;
- Peppermint ;
- Dog-rose fruit ;
- Wheat sprouts;
- Products made from whole grains;
- Beef liver;
- Fish;
- Pork;
- Sunflower seeds ;
- Fennel seeds;
- Heart;
- Pistachios;
- Hazelnut;
- Prunes;
- Champignon;
- Eggs;
- Barley grits.
Nicotinic acid (vitamin B 3, vitamin PP, niacin) – regulator of cholesterol in the blood - video
Symptoms of deficiency and overdose of nicotinic acid
Nicotinic acid deficiency in the body can be complete or incomplete. At the first stage, with incomplete deficiency of vitamin PP, various nonspecific symptoms develop, which are signs of trouble in the body. However, in this case, there is still a small amount of nicotinic acid in the tissues, which ensures the flow of vital processes, and therefore specific symptoms and there are no severe disturbances in the functioning of various organs. At the second stage, when the nicotinic acid present in the tissues is used up, an absolute deficiency of the vitamin occurs, which is characterized by the development of a specific disease - pellagra, and a number of other severe dysfunctions of various organs.Incomplete deficiency of nicotinic acid manifests itself with the following symptoms:
- Lethargy;
- Apathy;
- Severe fatigue;
- Dizziness;
- Headache;
- Paleness of the skin and mucous membranes;
- Reduced body resistance to infectious diseases.
- Chronic diarrhea (stool up to 3–5 times a day, having a thin, watery consistency, but not containing blood or mucus);
- Feeling of heaviness in the stomach area;
- Heartburn and belching;
- Burning sensation in the mouth;
- Increased gum sensitivity;
- Salivation;
- Redness of the mucous membranes;
- Swelling of the lips;
- Cracks on lips and skin;
- Numerous inflammations on the skin;
- Papillae of the tongue protruding in the form of red dots;
- Deep cracks in the tongue;
- Red spots on the skin of the hands, face, neck and elbows;
- Swelling of the skin ( skin covering it hurts, itches and blisters appear on it);
- Muscle weakness;
- Headache;
- Feeling of numbness and pain in the limbs;
- A crawling sensation;
- Unsteady gait;
- High blood pressure;
- Dementia (dementia);
- Depression;
- Ulcers.
With prolonged intake of very large quantities of nicotinic acid into the body, a person may experience fainting, itchy skin, and disorders heart rate and disorders of the digestive tract. Other symptoms of intoxication excess consumption does not cause vitamin PP, since nicotinic acid has low toxicity.
Pellagra (nicotinic acid deficiency) - symptoms and signs, treatment (how to compensate for vitamin B 3 deficiency) - video
Nicotinic acid preparations
Vitamin PP is contained in medicines in two forms - nicotinic acid itself and nicotinamide. Both forms are active ingredients drugs have the same pharmacological activity and similar therapeutic effect. That is why medicines, containing both forms of vitamin PP as active substances, usually combined under one common name"nicotinic acid preparations".Currently on pharmaceutical market CIS countries available the following drugs nicotinic acid containing nicotinamide as an active component:
- Niacinamide tablets and solution for injection;
- Nikonatsid;
- Nicotinamide tablets and solution for injection.
- Apelagrin;
- Niacin;
- Nikoverine (nicotinic acid + papaverine);
- A nicotinic acid;
- Nicotinic acid buffus;
- Nicotinic acid-Vial;
- Enduracin.
Nicotinic acid - indications for use
Nicotinic acid preparations are indicated for use in the following diseases and states:- Prevention of pellagra and vitamin PP deficiency;
- Treatment of pellagra;
- Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain and lower extremities;
- Chronic arterial insufficiency I – III degrees;
- Hyperlipidemia (increased blood levels various types lipids, for example, triglycerides, cholesterol and others);
- Spasm of peripheral vessels of various origins (for example, with obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease, migraine, disorders cerebral circulation, scleroderma, etc.);
- Complex rehabilitation therapy after stroke and myocardial infarction;
- Angina pectoris stable and unstable;
- Atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis;
- People with risk factors for coronary artery disease in combination with hyperlipidemia;
- Hartnup disease;
- Hypercoagulation (increased blood clotting with a tendency to thrombosis);
- Neuritis of the facial nerve;
- Intoxication;
- Long-term non-healing wounds;
- Ulcers on the skin and mucous membranes;
- Frequent or long-term infectious diseases;
- Organ diseases gastrointestinal tract(especially gastritis with low acidity);
- Liver diseases (cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis).
Nicotinic acid - instructions for use
Injections (ampoules)
You can administer nicotinic acid preparations in the form of subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. Intravenously the solutions are injected in a stream, but slowly. For intravenous administration of nicotinic acid, you must contact medical institution, since such injections should only be performed by highly qualified nurse. The fact is that intravenous administration nicotinic acid can provoke severe allergic reactions that can only be treated in a medical facility. Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections You can do it at home yourself, but you must remember that such injections are very painful. To perform an injection, you first need to choose the right location. For intramuscular injections the optimal areas are the outside upper third shoulder, anterior outer surface of the thigh, anterior abdominal wall(for people without overweight) and the upper outer quadrant of the buttock. For subcutaneous injections The optimal areas are the areas of the forearm and the outer anterior wall of the abdomen.
Having chosen the injection site, you need to wipe it with a cotton swab moistened with an antiseptic (alcohol, chlorhexidine, etc.). Then draw the required amount of solution into the syringe, release a few drops by lifting it up with a needle, and inject. After the injection, it is necessary to re-treat the injection site with a cotton swab moistened with an antiseptic. For each subsequent injection, it is necessary to choose a new place, deviating from the previous injection by 1 - 1.5 cm.
Intramuscular injection is performed as follows: the needle is inserted deep into the tissue, after which the solution is released using slow pressure on the piston. Intradermal injection is done as follows: With two fingers, a small area of skin is grabbed into a fold. Then a needle is inserted into this fold, holding it almost parallel to the underlying skin and at the same time perpendicular to the lateral surface of the fold. The needle is inserted until tissue resistance is felt. As soon as the needle begins to move freely, the insertion is stopped. After this, slowly pressing on the syringe plunger releases the solution into the tissue.
The choice of method of administration of nicotinic acid is made by the doctor depending on the severity of the disease, general condition and the required speed of appearance positive effects. For intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, 1%, 2.5% and 5% solutions of nicotinic acid are used, which are administered 1 to 2 times a day. The amount of solution required for administration is calculated by the amount of nicotinic acid contained in it.
Dosages and duration of therapy depend on the disease and are as follows:
- For the treatment of pellagra and symptoms of vitamin PP deficiency - adults are administered intravenously 50 mg or intramuscularly 100 mg 1 - 2 times a day for 10 - 15 days;
- For ischemic stroke, a solution of nicotinic acid is administered 100–500 mg intravenously.
Nicotinic acid tablets
It is recommended to take the tablets after meals and wash them down with cool drinks (water, fruit juice, compote, etc.). Taking nicotinic acid tablets before meals can provoke discomfort, such as a burning sensation in the stomach, nausea, etc. It is advisable to swallow the tablets whole, but if necessary, you can chew or crush them. The dosage and duration of use of nicotinic acid depend on the severity of the condition and the type of disease. Currently, the following dosages of tablets are recommended for various conditions for people of different ages:
- For the prevention of pellagra and vitamin PP deficiency – adults take 12.5–25 mg per day, and children – 5–25 mg per day;
- For the treatment of pellagra – adults take 100 mg 3–4 times a day for 15–20 days. Children take 12.5 – 50 mg 2 – 3 times a day;
- At for atherosclerosis, take 2–3 g (2000–3000 mg) per day, divided into 2–4 doses;
- For hyperlipidemia and fat metabolism disorders Start taking it with a low dosage and gradually increase it to the required one. In the first week, take 500 mg 1 time per day. If there are no side effects, in the second week take 500 mg twice a day. In the third week, increase the dosage to 500 mg 3 times a day and take the tablets for a total of 2.5 - 3 months. Then you need to take a month's break and, if necessary, undergo a course of therapy again;
- To increase HDL concentrations you need to take 1000 mg of nicotinic acid per day;
- If you have risk factors for cardiovascular disease take 500 – 1000 mg per day;
- For other diseases adults take 20–50 mg 2–3 times a day, and children take 12.5–25 mg 2–3 times a day.
Duration of one course of treatment various diseases nicotinic acid averages 2 – 3 months. Such courses of therapy can be repeated if necessary, maintaining intervals of at least 1 month between them.
If for some reason the treatment was interrupted before completing the full course, then you can start taking nicotinic acid again after 5 - 7 days, but in smaller dosages and gradually bring it back to the desired level. In this case, the course of treatment is extended by only a 5-7 day break.
special instructions
Nicotinic acid should not be used to correct the concentrations of lipid fractions in people with diabetes, since this is impractical due to its low effectiveness. In addition, nicotinic acid should be used with caution for people suffering from stomach diseases, since vitamin PP irritates the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines and can provoke an exacerbation chronic pathology. These people need to take nicotinic acid at half the recommended therapeutic dosage.With long-term use of nicotinic acid, it is necessary to monitor liver function every three months by determining the levels of lipids, glucose and uric acid, as well as the activity of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase in the blood. With a sharp increase in the levels of these indicators above the norm, it is necessary to reduce the dosage. To reduce the possible negative effects of nicotinic acid on the liver, it is necessary to include foods containing methionine (for example, cottage cheese) in the diet or take medications with methionine.
At the initial stage of treatment, it is necessary to monitor blood glucose levels and, if necessary, begin therapy with small doses, gradually increasing them to therapeutic ones.
Unfortunately, high and effective doses Not all people can take nicotinic acid, as they are poorly tolerated, causing hot flashes, redness of the skin and gastrointestinal disturbances. In such situations, individually selected maximum dosages which are well tolerated by humans.
In addition, with prolonged use of nicotinic acid, it can be washed out of the body. ascorbic acid. Therefore, to prevent its deficiency, it is necessary to take vitamin C along with nicotinic acid.
It is also necessary to remember that the use of nicotinic acid in therapeutic dosages can provoke the following negative consequences:
- Increased acidity of gastric juice with exacerbation of gastric or duodenal ulcers;
- Increased blood glucose levels;
- An increase in the level of uric acid in the blood up to the formation of gout;
- Increased frequency of arrhythmia attacks;
- Acanthosis ( brown spots on the skin);
- Swelling of the retina, causing blurred and blurred vision.
Interaction with other drugs
Nicotinic acid should be used with caution simultaneously with drugs to lower blood pressure, Aspirin and anticoagulants, since the effect of their interaction is difficult to predict.Nicotinic acid enhances the effects of cardiac glycosides (Strophanthin, Korglykon, etc.), antispasmodics (No-Shpa, Papaverine, etc.), fibrinolytics (Streptokinase, Urokinase, etc.) and alcohol.
When taken with lipid-lowering drugs, the risk of developing toxic effects on the liver may increase.
In addition, vitamin PP reduces the severity of the therapeutic effect of antidiabetic drugs.
Electrophoresis with nicotinic acid
Electrophoresis with nicotinic acid is used in the treatment of osteochondrosis. This method allows you to quickly remove lactic acid from the affected areas inflammatory process tissue, which actually causes sharp, excruciating pain and severe swelling. When using electrophoresis, nicotinic acid is delivered directly to the affected area of tissue, thereby ensuring its action in the place where it is needed. In addition, due to the supply of vitamin PP directly to the affected tissues, the therapeutic effect develops quickly, and relief occurs literally after the first procedure. Also, after electrophoresis with nicotinic acid, the supply of other medications (taken orally or injected), oxygen and nutrients into the affected tissue areas, since vitamin PP improves blood microcirculation. It is thanks to these effects that when using electrophoresis with nicotinic acid, the healing process and relief of an attack of osteochondrosis occurs much faster.
To carry out electrophoresis, a 1% solution of nicotinic acid is used. The procedures are carried out once a day for 10 days. If necessary, a course of electrophoresis with nicotinic acid can be carried out periodically to prevent exacerbations and prevent the progression of osteochondrosis.
Application in various fields
Nicotinic acid for hair
Vitamin PP improves blood microcirculation in the scalp, which increases the amount of nutrients and oxygen supplied to the hair follicles. Due to a more intense flow of oxygen and nutrients, hair under the influence of nicotinic acid stops falling out, begins to grow faster and becomes shiny beautiful view. Vitamin PP eliminates dryness, reduces the number of split ends, maintains normal hair color, preventing the appearance of gray hair. Thus, nicotinic acid has a positive effect on the health and speed of hair growth. However, it must be remembered that all of these effects of nicotinic acid are not due to its properties, but to the fact that vitamin PP increases blood flow in the area of the hair follicles, as a result of which the hair receives more nutrients and vitamins. Accordingly, the effect of using nicotinic acid for hair will be noticeable only if a person eats normally and nutritiously and his body has a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals that the bloodstream can deliver to the hair follicles. If a person eats poorly or suffers from a deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body, then there will be no effect from using nicotinic acid for hair, since increased microcirculation in the area of the hair follicles will not increase the amount of nutrients and oxygen supplied to them.
Nicotinic acid for hair can be used in the following ways:
- Take orally in tablet form in courses;
- Add to various means for hair care (masks, shampoos, etc.) to enrich it;
- Apply pure nicotinic acid solution to the scalp.
Nicotinic acid should be added to homemade and ready-made hair care products in the form of a 2 – 2.5% solution. For every 100 ml of mask or shampoo, add 5-10 drops of nicotinic acid solution and use ready-made composition straightaway. You cannot store vitamin-enriched PP cosmetical tools for hair, since vitamin PP is quickly destroyed when oxygen is available.
The simplest and most effective way The use of nicotinic acid for hair is to rub it into the scalp. To do this, use ampoules with a 1% solution. The ampoules are opened immediately before use, the solution is poured into a small container and gently rubbed into the scalp with your fingers using gentle massaging movements along the partings. First, the crown and forehead are treated, then the back of the head and temporal areas.
Depending on the length and thickness of the hair, 1–2 ampoules of nicotinic acid solution are needed at a time. It is recommended to rub in nicotinic acid after washing your hair. Some time after applying nicotinic acid to the scalp, a feeling of warmth and slight tingling may appear, which is normal and indicates activation of blood flow. After application, there is no need to rinse off the vitamin solution, since it is absorbed into the skin and hair and has its positive effect.
To obtain the optimal effect, you need to rub nicotinic acid into the scalp every day for a month. After this, you need to take a break for at least 1 month, after which the course of using vitamin PP can be repeated.
Nicotinic acid for face
Since vitamin PP activates blood microcirculation in peripheral tissues, it increases the amount of nutrients and oxygen delivered to the skin, and also accelerates metabolic processes in all its layers. Similar action leads to the fact that under the influence of nicotinic acid the condition of the skin improves as it receives better food, and its structures are constantly maintained in optimal condition due to a good metabolic rate.Plastic surgeons in the USA recommend that their patients take a course of nicotinic acid before surgery, as this reduces the time it takes to restore normal skin structure after surgery. In addition, cosmetologists actively recommend taking nicotinic acid to people whose skin is dull, flabby and tired. In principle, any girl or woman can periodically take nicotinic acid to improve the condition of the skin.
This should be done according to a certain pattern. 10 days before the expected next menstruation, you need to start taking nicotinic acid tablets at a dosage of 50 mg per day, and do this before the start of your period. On the first day of menstruation, stop taking nicotinic acid. Then they drink nicotinic acid in the same way for two more menstrual cycles. The total duration of therapy with vitamin PP tablets is 3 menstrual cycle 10 days each. Such courses can be repeated periodically, maintaining intervals between them of at least 2 months. In one course of use, skin irregularities are smoothed out, and pimples and post-acne (even old ones) completely disappear.
Some time after taking nicotinic acid, slight redness of the face may appear, which is a normal reaction and is caused by dilation of blood vessels. The redness will go away quickly. However, it is precisely because of the effect of facial redness that many cosmetologists do not recommend using nicotinic acid, fearing that it will disappoint and scare away clients.
It is not recommended to apply a solution of nicotinic acid to the skin externally, as this can cause severe drying and severe redness with the formation of telangiectasia (spider veins). However, if you want to conduct an experiment, you can add 3–5 drops of a 1% solution of nicotinic acid to 50 ml of cream and apply the finished composition to your face.
Nicotinic acid for weight loss
Nutritionists and doctors consider nicotinic acid to be an effective remedy that accelerates the process of losing weight and makes it easier to tolerate. However, you need to know that nicotinic acid itself does not promote weight loss, it only speeds up metabolic processes in the human body and improves mood. And therefore, vitamin PP will help you lose weight faster only for those people who follow a diet and exercise. For the purpose of losing weight, nicotinic acid should be taken 20–100 mg per day for 15–20 days while following a diet. After this, you should stop taking nicotinic acid, but if necessary, the course of its use can be repeated after 1 - 1.5 months.
Side effects
Immediately after taking or injecting nicotinic acid, the following transient symptoms may develop: side effects caused by the release of histamine:- Redness of the skin of the face and upper half of the body;
- A tingling and burning sensation in the area of reddened skin;
- Feeling of a rush of blood to the head;
- Reduced blood pressure;
- Orthostatic hypotension with rapid intravenous administration (pressure drop when moving from a lying to standing or sitting position);
- Decreased glucose tolerance;
- Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels);
- Increased activity of AST, LDH and alkaline phosphatase;
- Irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Contraindications for use
Nicotinic acid is contraindicated for use in the following conditions or diseases:- Increased individual sensitivity or allergic reactions to drug components;
- Exacerbation peptic ulcer stomach or duodenum;
- Severe diseases or dysfunction of the liver;
- Gout;
- Hyperuricemia (increased levels of uric acid in the blood);
- Severe hypertension;
- Severe atherosclerosis (intravenous administration of nicotinic acid solutions is contraindicated).
- Gastritis with high acidity;
- Stage of remission of gastric or duodenal ulcer;
- Diabetes;
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
- Hemorrhages;
Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is one of the most needed by a person vitamins This vitamin is especially useful smoking people whose functions are impaired nervous system. If there is not enough vitamin PP in a person’s body, he can be aggressive, irritable, he rushes in all directions and cannot make decisions calmly. This is probably why doctors dubbed nicotinic acid the vitamin of calm. When smokers are on a short time When they stop replenishing their body with nicotinic acid from cigarettes, they become very irritable. This creates the need for a cigarette.
The benefits of nicotinic acid (vitamin PP)
All vitamins help the body convert carbohydrates from foods into an energy source (glucose), and niacin is no exception. It is part of a complex of vitamins necessary for healthy skin, hair, eyes and good liver function. Vitamin PP also helps the nervous system remain strong and efficient.
Nicotinic acid also helps the body - attention! – reduce the effects of stress. It inhibits the production of hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands during stress, and also helps improve blood circulation.
Scientific research has shown that niacin can improve arthritis symptoms, including increasing joint mobility and reducing negative impact non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Research carried out throughout recent years, show that people whose doctor recommended higher levels of niacin had a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Another study found that people who received adequate doses of niacin from foods and supplements had a reduced risk of developing cataracts.
Currently underway Scientific research, proving that the use of nicotinic acid can reduce the risk of such serious illnesses like migraine, dizziness, depression, alcohol addiction and smoking.
Requirement for vitamin PP
The daily dose of vitamin PP is small - for men it ranges from up to 28 mg, and for women - up to 20 mg.
Forms of vitamin PP
A person who takes niacin should know that it exists in two forms: niacin and niacinomide. If niacin is used in combination with vitamin C, a person will be able to tolerate colds much easier. This good remedy to improve immunity. The good thing about niacin is that it cannot be destroyed by cooking or drying, so a person can consume processed foods that are sources of niacin.
Contraindications
People with liver disease, kidney disease, or stomach ulcers should not take niacin supplements. Those with diabetes or gallbladder disease should only do this under close medical supervision.
Stop taking niacin at least two weeks before your scheduled surgery.
Niacin and niacinamide can aggravate allergies due to an increase in histamine in the body.
People with low blood pressure should not take niacin or niacinamide because it causes a decrease in blood pressure.
Patients with gout should not take vitamin PP.
People with coronary disease heart problems or unstable angina, you should not take niacin without medical supervision, as in large doses it can increase the risk of heart rhythm problems.
Taking vitamin PP for a long time can lead to an imbalance of other vitamins in the body.
Overdose of vitamin PP
Very high doses vitamin PP can be toxic to the body. You should not take more than the recommended daily dose of niacin. This may cause fainting, skin rash, itching, weakness, higher doses"bad" cholesterol in the blood.
Large doses of niacin cause headaches, dizziness, and blurred vision. There is also an increased risk of liver damage. In addition, niacin may interact with other medicines or vitamins, causing an increased risk of heart and vascular diseases in humans.
Possible interactions of vitamin PP with other drugs
If you take any of these medications, you should not take niacin without talking to your doctor.
Tetracycline antibiotics - Niacin should not be taken with tetracycline because it interferes with the absorption and effectiveness of this drug.
Aspirin - Taking this before taking niacin may reduce the effectiveness of both, so both drugs should only be taken under medical supervision.
Anticoagulants (blood thinners) - Niacin may make the effects of these medications stronger, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Alpha blockers (drugs to lower blood pressure) - nicotinic acid, in interaction with them, can reduce blood pressure even more.
Cholesterol-lowering medications - Nicotinic acid binds to components of cholesterol-lowering medications and may make them less effective. For this reason, niacin and similar drugs must be taken in different time day.
Diabetes medications - Niacin may increase blood sugar levels. People taking insulin, metformin, glibenclamide, glipizide, or other drugs to reduce high level blood glucose, should avoid niacin supplements.
Isoniazid (INH) – This drug for the treatment of tuberculosis can cause vitamin PP deficiency.
So, before including vitamin PP in your diet, you should definitely consult with your doctor in order to bring benefit and not harm to your health.
Food sources of vitamin PP
The best food sources of vitamin PP are beets, brewer's yeast, beef liver, beef kidneys, salmon, swordfish, tuna, sunflower seeds, peanuts. Bakery products and cereals are rich in niacin. Protein products Foods containing niacin include red meat, eggs and dairy products.
Higher doses of nicotinic acid are used to treat specific diseases only with a doctor's prescription. The amount of niacin should be increased slowly over 4 to 6 weeks, and it should also be taken with meals to avoid stomach irritation.
Lack of vitamin PP
This is a water-soluble vitamin, the body does not store it for a long time. Therefore, a person can very easily develop a deficiency of vitamin PP, that is, nicotinic acid.
But you should know that alcoholism is main reason vitamin PP deficiency.
Symptoms of mild deficiency of this vitamin include upset stomach, fatigue, stomach ulcers, vomiting and depression.
Severe niacin deficiency can lead to a condition known as pellagra (a type of vitamin deficiency). Pellagra is characterized by cracked skin, scaly skin, dementia, and diarrhea. Vitamin PP deficiency also causes a burning sensation in the mouth and a swollen, bright red tongue.
Nicotine is found not only in cigarettes, but also in many foods. Even the most notorious opponent of smoking consumes nicotine. Moreover, niacin is essential for the functioning of the body. The magazine site will tell you where nicotine is found, besides cigarettes, and why the body needs it.
Main functions of nicotinic acid
Nicotinic acid or B3 is a water-soluble vitamin that is found in many foods. B3 is found in foods of animal and plant origin. If plant products contain nicotinic acid, then animal products contain niacin. These two elements are similar in their properties.
The body needs B3 during intense physical activity, pregnancy, and hot climates. Niacin has a direct effect on the functioning of the pancreas and stomach, and nicotinic acid is needed for the nervous system and heart. It is responsible for the condition of the intestines, vision, blood flow, pressure and vision. B3 protects the body from free radicals and cancer cells.
Deficiency of B3 or nicotinic acid most often manifests itself as disruptions of the nervous system. A person becomes irritable, suffers from insomnia, headaches, decreased appetite and weight loss. There is some pallor of the skin, increased heart rate and frequent colds. Long-term deficiency of nicotinic acid is very dangerous, as it can cause pellagra. An excess of B3 can cause fainting and itching. At proper nutrition Vitamin B3 deficiency occurs very rarely. However, vitamin B3 is poorly absorbed in old age.
Products containing niacin
Nicotinic acid is present in small amounts in many foods. It is found in dairy products, fish and meat.
- Liver. Pork liver contains about 30 mg per 100 g of vitamin B3 product. IN beef liver the percentage of niacin is slightly lower. However, these by-products also contain high concentrations vitamin A, an excess of which can harm the body. That is why by-products should not be consumed more than once a week.
- Peanut. Nuts are rich in B vitamins, and nicotinic acid is no exception. One hundred grams of peanuts contain about 17 mg of B3. In addition, peanuts contain a high percentage folic acid which is needed during pregnancy.
- Vegetables. Vegetables rich in niacin include potatoes, kale, carrots, tomatoes, asparagus and celery. Corn contains nicotinic acid.
- Fruits. Nicotinic acid is rarely found in fruits. Melon, banana, raspberries and mango are rich in it.
- Mushrooms. Mushrooms such as champignons and boletus contain a fairly high percentage of B3.
- Fish. Fish rich in niacin include tuna, salmon and halibut. But you should understand that these types of fish often contain a high percentage of mercury, which is dangerous for humans.
Table of products containing niacin
Nicotinic acid deficiency is a very rare occurrence. You can get this element from many foods. Nicotinic acid is resistant to external influences and is quickly absorbed by the body.