What is dysbiosis in a newborn? The appearance of microflora in a child’s body

Dysbacteriosis is characterized by a violation of the proportions of strains of beneficial and conditionally pathogenic bacteria on the inner lining of the intestine. The causes of this condition in a child may be the use of antibiotics by him or the nursing mother, poor nutrition, intestinal pathologies and so on. An imbalance of microflora in newborns is not considered a disease, but without proper correction it can lead to significant disruptions in the functioning of the entire body. Let's figure out how to treat dysbiosis in infants, and also find out its symptoms.

Signs and stages

Vary for different newborns. Their severity depends on the specifics of the organism and the level of displacement of normal bacteria by opportunistic bacteria. There are four degrees of imbalance:

Compensated (first). Characteristics – reduced levels of bifidobacteria and E. coli.

Symptoms:

• the characteristics of the stool change - mucus impurities and lumps appear in it undigested food, it acquires an unpleasant odor;
• appetite worsens and weight gain slows down;
• gas formation in the intestines increases.

Subcompensated (second). Characteristics – decrease in the level of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, increase in one of the strains of opportunistic organisms.

Symptoms:

• the bowel movement schedule is disrupted - constipation and/or diarrhea occur;
• air bubbles press on the intestinal walls, causing pain (colic);
• the volume of foreign impurities in feces increases;
• regurgitation becomes profuse;

Average (third). Characteristics – significant increase in several strains of opportunistic organisms.

Symptoms:

• the child is constantly capricious and sleeps poorly;
• nausea, weakness and diarrhea appear;
• anemia occurs, as well as dry skin due to impaired absorption of microelements;
• weight gain stops.

Heavy (fourth). Characteristics - presence pathogenic bacteria(salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, dysentery, Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

Symptoms:

• loose stools 10-12 times a day;
• stomach ache;
• temperature increase;
• weight loss.

The degree of dysbacteriosis is established based on clinical signs and stool analysis.

Many doctors, and Dr. Komarovsky among them, believe that with the fourth degree of dysbiosis, which is characterized by the presence of pathogenic microbes, it is advisable to diagnose not “an imbalance of the intestinal microflora,” but to identify a specific infection - salmonellosis, dysentery, and so on. Treatment of such diseases is carried out in a hospital.

General principles of therapy

Treatment of dysbiosis in newborns and infants consists of two important stages: reducing the level of opportunistic microorganisms and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria. The first goal is achieved through the use of intestinal antiseptics and bacteriophages, the second - through the intake of pro- and prebiotics. In addition, restoration of microflora requires nutritional correction.

To relieve the unpleasant symptoms that arise from dysbacteriosis (flatulence, constipation, diarrhea), various means: simethicone, lactulose syrup, rehydration solutions, sorbents and so on.

Treatment of imbalance in a particular child depends on the degree of the pathological process.

The first stage requires following a diet, taking prebiotics and sorbents.

In the second degree, the same drugs and probiotics are prescribed.

Treatment of the third stage involves the use of intestinal antiseptics and bacteriophages in addition to the above groups of drugs.

The fourth degree of intestinal dysbiosis, as already noted, is considered serious illness. Its treatment is determined by which bacterium caused it. pathological process.

Probiotics and prebiotics

Prebiotics are substances that activate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. They are naturally found in breast milk, cereals, vegetables and. The peculiarity of prebiotics is that they are not broken down in the gastrointestinal tract and are not absorbed into the blood, but serve as “food” for bacteria. Medicines:

• “Lactulose”, “Lactitol” - indigestible disaccharides;
• “ ” – biosynthetic lactic acid.

Infants are treated using prebiotics in the form of syrups.

Probiotics are preparations consisting of live bacteria. All funds in this group are divided into:

• Multicomponent. Their formula contains strains of E. coli, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Preparations – “Bifikol”, “Bifiform”, “”.
• Single-component. Consist of microorganisms of the same species. Remedies – “ ” (bifidobacteria), “Lactobacterin” (lactobacteria), “Colibacterin” (Escherichia coli).
• Combined. Include different strains bacteria and immunoglobulin complexes. Preparations – “Rioflora immuno”, “Bifikol”, “Linex”.
• Recombinant. They contain live bacteria and genes that regulate the synthesis of interferon, for example, the drug “Bifiliz”.
• Synbiotic. They are a combination of pre- and probiotics. Products – “Bifidobak”, “Laminolact”.

Treatment with probiotics and prebiotics lasts an average of 2-4 weeks. The doctor prescribes medications depending on the results of the tests.

Bacteriophages and antiseptics

Bacteriophages are immunological agents containing viruses that have the ability to destroy specific strains of opportunistic bacteria. They do not affect beneficial microflora, and microbes cannot develop resistance to them.

There are streptococcal, coliproteus, staphylococcal, polyvalent and other bacteriophages. The doctor chooses the medicine based on the child’s tests. These products are available in the form of solutions. They can be taken orally, but in newborns the rectal route of administration (using an enema) is often practiced. Treatment takes 7-10 days.

Intestinal antiseptics are substances with antimicrobial activity that act only locally (in the intestinal lumen), for example, “”. Such funds have a minimum side effects, but they cannot be used independently in infancy.

Symptomatic therapy

An imbalance of intestinal microflora is often accompanied by a number of symptoms associated with indigestion and poor absorption of nutrients. Bacteriophages, pro- and prebiotics are designed to influence the cause of dysbiosis, but it takes time for them to act. To quickly improve the baby’s well-being, the following medications can be prescribed:

1. From flatulence– preparations based on simethicone ("", "Sab Simplex"). This organic matter promotes the destruction of gas bubbles that stretch the intestinal walls and the release of excess air.
2. For constipation- lactulose syrup (""), rectal suppositories with glycerin. These drugs improve intestinal motility.
3. For dehydration with diarrhea– solutions for oral rehydration(“Regidron”, “Citroglucosolan”). They restore water balance.
4. For peeling, rashes and dry skin – multivitamin complexes, replenishing the lack of useful substances, and various ointments and emulsions that moisturize and disinfect the integument.

In addition, in case of dysbacteriosis, sorbents are necessarily prescribed (“ White coal", " ", " "). They remove toxins and bacterial waste products from the body.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies for eliminating dysbiosis in newborns and infants must be agreed with the doctor. It is impossible to influence the causes of microflora imbalance with the help of herbal recipes, but it will be possible to relieve some symptoms. Here are the most popular folk recipes:

1. Bloodroot. Ingredients – 1 g of dry raw materials and 10 g of water per 1 kg of child’s weight. The herb should be poured into boiling water, turn it off after 3 minutes, leave for 20-30 minutes and filter. Give your baby 1 teaspoon three times a day.
2. . Ingredients – 1 teaspoon of chamomile per 1 liter of water. The flowers need to be added to boiling water and boiled for 2-3 minutes, left for 1 hour and filtered. Give the baby 1 teaspoon 5-6 times a day.

Folk remedies can complement the main therapy, but they alone will not be able to cure dysbiosis.

Nutrition

Dr. Komarovsky insists that a diet, the essence of which is balanced diet, is the basis for the treatment of dysbiosis in infants.

If there is an imbalance in the intestinal microflora in a breastfed child, lactation cannot be stopped. Milk contains everything necessary substances to maintain beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Komarovsky believes that at an early stage of dysbiosis, breastfeeding - sufficient measure to fix the problem. At the same time, it is important that the mother follows reasonable dietary rules.

A woman's diet while breastfeeding should not contain large quantities sweet, fatty, spicy, starchy and acidic foods. They damage the intestinal mucosa and increase fermentation. It is also very important to remove from the diet foods that provoke flatulence - legumes, chocolate, grapes, raw cabbage and others. The menu should include dairy products without synthetic additives - natural yogurt, fresh kefir, acidolact.

Children with dysbacteriosis artificial feeding fermented milk mixtures are indicated, as well as nutrition enriched with live bacteria and prebiotics.

As complementary foods are introduced to babies on artificial or natural feeding Fermented milk dishes containing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli can be added to the diet. It is advisable to prepare them yourself using starter cultures or purchase them from a children's dairy kitchen.

Komarovsky writes that digestive problems are aggravated when the child is overfed and there is insufficient fluid intake into his body.

Preventive measures

Prevention of dysbiosis in newborns consists of observing the following measures:

• correction of the microflora of the genital organs during pregnancy;
• balanced nutrition for the expectant mother;
• establishing breastfeeding from the first minutes and continuing it for at least 3-6 months, and preferably up to 1-2 years;
• using adapted milk formulas rather than goat or cow milk;
• proper treatment of intestinal infections;
• timely introduction of complementary foods;
• taking probiotics during a course of antibiotic therapy in a child or nursing mother.

Dysbacteriosis in infants is a condition that requires close attention. Light degree imbalance in most cases does not require drug therapy: It is enough to establish the child’s nutrition. Treatment of advanced dysbiosis involves taking pro- and prebiotics, bacteriophages, as well as symptomatic medications. Optimal prevention of gastrointestinal problems - breast-feeding.

Disturbance of healthy intestinal microflora – common problem newborns. Dysbacteriosis in infants is accompanied by upset stool, repeated regurgitation, abdominal pain and bloating. Timely treatment allows you to avoid aggravation of the condition and the development of serious pathologies of the digestive system.

Dysbacteriosis is not a disease and if such a “diagnosis” is made, you should not be alarmed ahead of time

Causes of dysbiosis in an infant

In newborn babies, intestinal problems are more likely to occur due to a lack of beneficial bacteria. This transient dysbacteriosis– colonization of bifidobacteria and displacement of the pathogenic environment. Physiological process lasts from the moment of birth until 10-15 days of life.

In the first month of life, the gastrointestinal tract is just forming and stool upset or lack thereof, regurgitation, colic one month old baby– a consequence of the immaturity of the mucous membranes of the digestive organs.

Children under one year old suffer from dysbiosis for reasons such as:

• improperly selected nutrition – frequent shifts mixtures, early complementary feeding, abuse of dairy products for lactose intolerance;
• antibacterial therapy– after taking antibiotics, negative changes occur in the intestinal microflora, since the drugs have a detrimental effect not only on pathogenic microorganisms, but also on healthy bacteria;
• infectious diseases– rotavirus, salmonellosis, dysentery;
• helminth infestations, giardiasis.

The first cause of dysbiosis is unhealthy diet.

Dysbacteriosis in a breastfed child is much less common than when feeding formula. This is explained by the fact that with mother's milk the baby receives immunoglobulin and healthy microorganisms. Reason watery stools, regurgitation and colic in the first 3-5 days is the presence of harmful cells in the body, which are replaced by healthy microflora within 7-10 days.

Symptoms of dysbiosis in infants

An imbalance of healthy and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa is always accompanied by a pronounced clinical picture.

Table “Manifestations of dysbiosis in infants”

Sign	Characteristic
Chair	Frequent diarrhea (less often constipation). Remains of undigested food, lumps of mucus, and grains of curd are visible in the stool. Putrid smell feces
	The baby often burps profusely and feels nauseous, which often ends in vomiting.
Skin rash	Appears small rash throughout the body (urticaria, atopic dermatitis), the skin turns red, peels, and diaper rash develops
Appetite	The child eats poorly, interest in food disappears
Weight	The baby is gaining little or no weight gain at all
Discomfort in the abdomen	Newborns experience pain, colic, difficulty passing gas, which is manifested by a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, heaviness
Changes in the oral cavity	The child appears dark coating on the teeth, gums bleed and hurt. The smell from the mouth is unpleasant. There is a white or gray coating on the tongue

Frequent regurgitation often indicates gastrointestinal problems

As the problem worsens, infants' hair splits and falls out, nails peel off, and the skin on the face and body turns pale (seen in the photo).

Dysbacteriosis can cause hair loss

Pale skin is a sign of gastrointestinal problems

The severity of dysbiosis in infants has several degrees and depends on the quantitative and species composition of the intestinal microflora.

1. 1st degree – anaerobic (normal) environment, the basis of which is lacto- and bifidobacteria (not less than 105-109). The presence of opportunistic microorganisms is allowed (up to 104 CFU in 1 g of feces), but no more than 2 types.
2. 2nd degree – the ratio of aerobic (typical for pathogenic cells) and normal flora is 50:50. Replacement of (ordinary Escherichia coli) by pathogenic strains is observed - lactose-negative and hemolyzing enterobacteria are increased, their concentration reaches 108 CFU/g and more.
3. 3rd degree - lactic acid bacteria are significantly reduced, opportunistic microorganisms replace healthy flora. Aerobic environment occupies most microflora.
4. 4th degree – complete displacement of healthy microflora. Opportunistic bacteria are highly resistant to antibiotics. Acute intestinal infections develop, and sepsis is possible.

Degree of dysbacteriosis with the number of bacteria

The initial stage does not require special treatment. It is enough to adjust the diet of the child or mother (if breastfeeding).

When and which doctor should I contact?

The presence of several unpleasant symptoms in infants at the same time is a reason to show the baby, and, if necessary, also. During the examination, specialists prescribe special tests and instrumental studies.

Diagnostics

An analysis for dysbacteriosis - stool culture - helps to recognize an imbalance in the intestinal microflora. The material is submitted in the morning, feces are collected in accordance with the requirements of the laboratory. The study makes it possible to determine the types of pathogenic bacteria and their sensitivity to specific antibiotics.

Additionally assigned biochemical analysis feces It is used to determine the degree of damage to the intestinal mucosa and the level of volatile metabolites fatty acids produced by pathogenic microorganisms.

They help determine the cause of dysbiosis instrumental methods diagnostics and additional tests:

To diagnose dysbiosis, a number of studies are carried out, including ultrasound of the abdominal cavity

• gastroscopy;
• Ultrasound of the peritoneal organs;
• stool analysis for the presence of worms and lamblia;
• liver tests.

Comprehensive diagnostics makes it possible to accurately diagnose dysbiosis, excluding ulcerative colitis, acute intestinal infection, and identify the source of the pathological condition. A specialist deciphers the analysis.

Treatment of bacteriosis in infants

For dysbacteriosis important role plays baby food:

• when breastfeeding, try not to switch the baby to formula for as long as possible;
• at artificial feeding choose a mixture that contains lacto- and bifidobacteria.

It is possible to cure dysbiosis if you choose the right therapy. Several groups of drugs help eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in a child.

1. Bacteriophages - remove pathogenic flora - Intestifage.
2. Probiotics - contain healthy bacteria - Enterol, Acipol, Linex, Hilak-forte, Bifiliz.
3. Prebiotics - stimulate the growth of lactic acid bacteria - Duphalac, Inulin, Lactulose.

To replenish beneficial bacteria in the intestines, you can take Hilak-Forte

Immunostimulating agents – Anaferon, Polyoxidonium, Amiksin – strengthen the immune system weakened by the disease. All medications are selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the body and the severity of the disease.

Why is dysbacteriosis dangerous?

Imbalance of healthy and pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal microflora – serious deviation, the non-treatment of which is dangerous for the development of complications:

• work is disrupted internal organs;
• processes of decay in the intestines provoke acute intoxication body;
• increased susceptibility to allergic diseases;
• immunity decreases, which leads to frequent colds;
• sleep is disturbed, irritability and moodiness appear;
• there is a developmental delay.

Prolonged ignorance of dysbacteriosis or its improper treatment can aggravate the child’s condition and complicate the recovery process.

Prevention of dysbiosis in infants

Protect the child from unpleasant problems help with intestines simple measures prevention.

Breastfeeding is one of the main guarantees of good future health for the baby.

1. Give preference to breastfeeding, while mothers strictly monitor their own nutrition.
2. If breastfeeding is not possible, carefully select formulas, using those that contain pre- and probiotics. Try to use one type of mixture.
3. Do not introduce complementary foods too early. Normally, the first acquaintance with adult food occurs at 6 months.
4. Monitor your baby’s health, lead a healthy lifestyle, and undergo preventive medical examinations on time.

Prevention allows you to prevent the development of dysbiosis or eliminate it in the future. early stages development. The disease is much easier to prevent than to cure.

Komarovsky about dysbiosis in infants

Dr. Komarovsky claims that dysbiosis is not a disease. It is impossible to determine the true functioning of the intestines and internal organs by the composition of feces. According to famous doctor The main problem of dysbiosis is the unreasonable and far-fetched worries of parents, which is why they pester completely to a normal child, who developed minor changes in his stool.

The main treatment for this condition is– do not stuff your baby with food and go for walks as much as possible fresh air. And visits to the doctor, tests for dysbacteriosis, medications for effective therapy- a waste of time and money.

Dysbacteriosis is the result of the predominance of opportunistic microorganisms over healthy microflora in the intestine. The disease most often occurs in newborns and infants, which is associated with the immaturity of the stomach and intestines or poor nutrition. Vivid manifestations are liquid foamy stool with the smell of rot and a greenish tint of mucus, skin rashes, profuse regurgitation, weight loss. For staging accurate diagnosis stool culture is required. Treatment is prescribed individually and includes the use of bacteriophages, pro- and prebiotics.

Provides optimal conditions for the development of healthy microflora, maintains the existing balance between lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and E. coli, helping to ensure complete digestion and prevent the development of allergic reactions.

Give preference to adapted mixtures (if not possible) that are enriched with protective factors. These include fermented milk containing live bacteria, which include prebiotics - substances that promote the absorption and reproduction of healthy microflora.

Give your baby medications (after consultation with a doctor) that can suppress the growth of opportunistic microorganisms. TO similar drugs include bacteriophages that have the ability to absorb and dissolve within themselves microbial cells. You can also treat with intestinal antiseptics or antibiotics in specially selected dosages.

Populate your baby's intestines with healthy flora. For this purpose, preparations are used that contain live microorganisms, such as lactobacilli, E. coli and bifidobacteria, as well as components of their vital functions. Prebiotics contain indigestible substances that have a beneficial effect on the growth of healthy microflora and activate it. Common medicinal substances of this group, approved for use for up to 1 year, include: “Linex”, “Enterol”, “Bifeform Malysh”, etc. The course of treatment is prescribed by a doctor.

Use folk remedies treatment dysbacteriosis. Take St. John's wort - 1 part, chamomile - 2 parts, peppermint - 2 parts, plantain - 2 parts, grass and burdock seeds - 1 part. Pour half a liter of boiling water over one tablespoon of the mixture, cover and leave for 30 minutes. Strain, add half a glass of tincture in half a liter boiled water. Let your child drink this tea 3-4 times a day as much as possible.

Video on the topic

note

Causes of dysbacteriosis in newborns and infants. At risk for microflora imbalance are children whose mothers had various complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as bottle-fed and premature children. Colds, taking certain medications (antibiotic treatment) can lead to imbalances in the intestinal microflora.

Helpful advice

As we see, in any of listed cases“deviations from the norm” (which for infants are a variant of this very norm), an inexperienced pediatrician can frighten even more inexperienced parents with the terrible “intestinal dysbiosis”, which requires urgent treatment. On my own behalf, I want to say that the treatment was practically useless in the first year and a half. So I think that if not serious pathologies intestines, then it’s not worth fighting because it’s useless - you’ll only wear yourself out, waste money and torture your child.

Related article

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• dysbacteriosis in infants: how to treat

Dysbacteriosis is a disease caused by an insufficient amount of beneficial bacteria and the colonization of the intestines with harmful microflora. For infants, its main causes are early weaning, feeding with unadapted formulas, weakened immunity due to past diseases and treatment with antibiotics.

Instructions

The most the best remedy prevention of this disease is breastfeeding, because this is how the child’s body is populated with beneficial bacteria, the immune system is strengthened, the child receives optimal quantity vitamins and nutrients. If maternal is not available, then choose artificial mixtures with the presence of lactic acid bacteria (adapted). If your baby is restless, suffering increased gas formation, bloating, he has stool (foamy consistency with the smell of rot or fermentation) or constipation, after feeding, you should urgently begin treatment of the disease, namely, restore the intestinal microflora.

Young children, regardless of age, often suffer from dysbiosis. Artificial feeding with low-quality formulas, lack of breast milk in the mother, and many other reasons cause unpleasant symptoms and complications. Treatment of dysbiosis in infants is important issue in pediatric practice.

The clinical manifestations of dysbiosis in children and older children are similar, but there are some differences in the pathological condition. A child under one year old cannot speak, it is difficult to find out about the problem. Attentive parents may observe weight loss, regurgitation immediately after eating, capricious behavior, and changes in stool. The stool becomes liquid, foamy, green and sour smell. Month-old babies do not gain weight well, and there is constant bloating. If such reasons in an artificial formula can be attributed to an inappropriate mixture, then in infants one should suspect problems with gastrointestinal tract. Older children complain of cramping pain throughout the abdomen, diarrhea, flatulence, and loss of appetite.

If a newborn develops dysbiosis, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnosis With congenital anomalies intestines, rickets. Infants are more sensitive to the effects of various drugs; their intestinal microflora is not fully formed. Doctors try to give antibiotics to children under 6 months only in severe cases according to strict indications.

Is it necessary to treat dysbiosis in infants?

Treatment of mild manifestations of dysbiosis in newborns may not be necessary. 9 month old babies grow in maternal body, get everything useful material through blood. They are protected from influence unfavorable factors environment. When a newborn baby is born, its intestines are sterile. Required condition after childbirth is the early placement of the newborn on the mother's stomach. There is skin-to-skin contact, colonization of the child by microorganisms. Partially bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and others beneficial microbes the baby receives it while moving through the birth canal. Colonization of the intestinal tract by maternal bacteria, skin protects the newborn small organism from foreign microorganisms.

When the baby begins to suckle at the mother's breast, all the necessary nutrients are supplied with colostrum and milk. They provide the newborn with immunoglobulins, vitamins, and lactobacilli. Until one year of age, a child almost never gets sick due to passive immunity from mother. In the first weeks of life, symptoms may appear (frequent, loose, green stools). They are associated with intensive colonization of the intestines by microorganisms. The condition is called temporary dysbiosis. It will disappear immediately after the quantitative ratio of intestinal bacteria has stabilized.

In premature infants, after treatment with antibiotics, the presence infectious diseases the process may take several weeks or months. In this case, pediatricians recommend treating aggravated transient dysbiosis with breastfeeding and proper care.

Do not forget that the process can become chronic. Presence of bloating, chronic diarrhea, constant worry Infants require consultation with a highly qualified specialist and the prescription of medications (probiotics, symptomatic medications). It is not recommended to abuse home treatment methods in young children in order to prevent secondary complications.

Home treatments

You can try to treat dysbiosis on your own, but it is better to consult a pediatrician. Tactics vary depending on the type of feeding the child.

Breastfed

Intestinal dysbiosis in infants requires integrated approach to the situation. Breast milk contains essential vitamins and minerals for normal development child, proper functioning of internal organs and systems. In modern pediatrics, they are of the opinion that feeding should be done on demand, regardless of the time of day or frequency. A healthy baby eats approximately 10-12 times a day. Night feeding has a positive effect on the health of mother and child. If you feed your baby constantly, breast milk will not disappear unreasonably; the hormone prolactin works intensively.

Breast milk normalizes levels intestinal microflora, bowel function. It prevents the loss of electrolytes during diarrhea and improves children's immunity.

Mom should receive only quality healthy foods so that milk prevents the development of dysbiosis. It is necessary to exclude spicy, smoked foods from the diet, eat more fruits (apples, bananas, oranges, plums, apricots), vegetables (carrots, cabbage, lettuce, beets, zucchini), dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots), low-fat varieties meat, fish. Maintaining a sleep schedule important condition mother's health. A nurse with a weakened immune system will do nothing to help a sick child. You need to add fermented milk products to your diet (milk, cottage cheese, kefir, natural yogurt), which contribute to the normal functioning of the mother’s intestines and accordingly affect the baby’s microflora.

In advanced cases, breast milk does not cope with the problem. The help of folk and medical remedies is required.

Probiotics and other preparations containing beneficial microorganisms are universal, effective medications in the fight against dysbiosis in young children. To the popular and effective medicines The following drugs include:

1. Linex contains lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacteria and bifidobacteria). They are part of the normal intestinal microflora. By taking this drug, the number of missing beneficial microorganisms is restored. Additionally, Linex shifts the pH to the acidic side, which helps suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The medicine provides activation digestive enzymes, increases the synthesis of vitamins K, B, ascorbic acid. The drug improves biliary processes and increases protective properties body. It is available in capsules. You need to break the capsule and mix the contents with a small amount of water. Try to give the baby something to drink. Give 3 times a day.
2. Hilak Forte is used to normalize the flora of the small and large intestines and relieve diarrhea. The medicine consists of lactic acid and its salts. Improves stomach and intestinal digestive processes. The drug is available in the form of drops. Give after feeding 15 drops 3 times a day.
3. Bifidumbacterin contains live bifidobacteria. They replenish the intestinal microflora, suppress the growth of staphylococcal, proteaceous, shigella, and fungal microorganisms. If your child is bothered by constant bloating or diarrhea, the drug will cure the symptoms and remove the main cause of the disease.
4. Bifiform is a therapeutic eubiotic, contains beneficial bacteria that are part of the intestinal microflora. Normalizes stool abnormalities, removes early signs intestinal dysbiosis. Therapy consists of taking the drug four times a day. Available in capsule form.
5. Bacteriophages are specific drugs that devour harmful microorganisms. Can be used in infants under medical supervision.
6. Enterofuril is an analogue of nifuroxazide. Refers to antimicrobials. Used for intestinal infections, complex therapy dysbacteriosis.

Artificially fed

Artificial babies are more likely to show symptoms of dysbacteriosis than infants. Pharmaceutical companies they assure that modern mixtures are developed on the basis of all necessary nutrients, enriched with vitamins and minerals. If you have a choice to feed your baby breast milk or formula, the first option has no equal. If the transition to artificial feeding has serious reasons, then you can’t do without mixtures. The main condition is to choose the right and effective one. When dysbacteriosis develops in artificial infants, only adapted milk formulas enriched with sour-lactic bacteria should be used.

Most manufacturers produce quality products. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli enter colon and actively reproduce, suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora. In some cases, taking high-quality infant formula solves the problem. If the disease does not go away and is aggravated by alarming symptoms (lethargy, loss of appetite), immediately contact a doctor.

Dysbacteriosis in bottle-fed children is treated in the same way as in infants. Average therapeutic doses enzyme preparations and probiotics restore normal microflora in a few weeks.

Compensated intestinal dysbiosis can be cured in infants at home with mother's milk and high-quality milk formulas. Symptoms disappear after a couple of weeks without medications.

Protracted, decompensated conditions require an integrated approach to treatment. Mother and child need to eat right. Apply medications(probiotics, intestinal antiseptics), balanced nutrition and adherence to feeding and sleep patterns. Severe dysbiosis requires inpatient treatment. In the hospital, tests are taken for the intestinal group, and it is determined therapeutic tactics. The duration of therapy directly depends on the patient’s condition, the progression or extinction of unpleasant symptoms of dysbiosis, and the addition of secondary infections. The disease can be cured within a month or more.

What happens if you don't take therapy?

Treatment of dysbacteriosis requires mandatory consultation with pediatricians. In infants, the pathological process can become serious secondary diseases. Characteristic complications of intestinal dysbiosis are:

1. Secondary colitis, sigmoiditis, inflammation of the rectum.
2. Chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastritis, gastroduodenitis.
3. Constant allergies, hay fever.
4. Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma.
5. Dermatitis, eczema, neurodermatitis.
6. Against the background of reduced immunity, secondary infections occur and the baby does not leave the hospital.

For any pathological conditions childhood It is better to show the baby to the doctor to make sure there are no complications and to prevent consequences. Timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease will help grow healthy child. Breastfeeding and a healthy lifestyle for the mother are the main ones preventive actions intestinal diseases.

Dysbacteriosis - pathological condition accompanied by a violation normal amount intestinal microflora. The disease develops in adults and small children.

An obvious sign of dysbiosis is upset stool in a child. Frequent bowel movements or difficulty painful bowel movement may indicate a microflora disorder. The stool has a foamy, runny or mushy appearance, interspersed with undigested bits. Mucus is found in the stool, it becomes bright to dark green and sour smell. After eating, the baby may have a rumbling stomach, bloating, and prolonged pain. The newborn is worried, sleeps poorly, and cries constantly. He is observed to have a putrid odor.

With dysbacteriosis, the process of digesting food is disrupted and is not completely absorbed. Poisoning begins, manifested by spots and rashes on the body. Sick and weakened children may suffer from anemia, vitamin deficiency, and irritations that develop against the background of the disorder.

Doctors divide dysbiosis into four degrees:

1. Compensated dysbacteriosis (first degree), in which appetite decreases, weight gain stops (), gas formation increases, stool changes color and becomes light. Compensated dysbiosis is associated with an incorrect diet of a nursing mother or allergic reaction infants to new foods when introducing complementary foods. Symptoms of improper digestion of food include diarrhea and skin rashes. The child's condition is assessed as satisfactory and does not pose a health risk.
2. Subcompensated dysbacteriosis (second degree) manifested by increased gas formation, sharp attacks of abdominal pain, rash, refusal to eat, diarrhea or constipation. The chair is painted in green color and has an unpleasant odor. and undigested lumps. Analysis for dysbacteriosis shows that the infant has an increased content of yeast fungi, clostridia, staphylococcus, and proteus.
3. Decompensated dysbacteriosis (third degree) recognized by the intensive proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, accompanied by unpleasant symptoms. Diarrhea with green feces, unpleasant smell and leftovers undigested food flows into chronic form. The child's well-being deteriorates sharply. The newborn is tormented by flatulence, bloating, colic and nausea. Apathy, drowsiness, lethargy, and weakness occur. Signs of anemia and rickets are possible. The baby refuses to eat and loses weight. Such dysbiosis requires serious treatment.
4. For dysbacteriosis of the fourth degree harmful bacteria, actively reproducing, threaten the development infectious processes. E. coli, being the causative agent of salmonellosis and dysentery, spreads throughout the child’s body. It affects other organs. Inflammation and the release of poisons begin, poisoning the entire body. Such dysbacteriosis is accompanied by high fever, headache, rash, anemia, vitamin deficiency, weight loss, disorders nervous system, chronic diarrhea with liquid putrid smell. Dysbacteriosis must be treated and its symptoms removed immediately.

At the first signs of dysbiosis in a baby, you should consult a doctor. He will prescribe treatment depending on the degree of the disease, symptoms and intensity of its development. Treatment will have to be under the strict supervision of doctors.

How to collect tests for dysbacteriosis

Tests for dysbiosis include:

1. A coptogram, deciphered, showing the ability of the intestines to digest food and the presence of inflammation.
2. Stool culture diagnosing the number of obligate bacteria in percentage to healthy microflora. This analysis recognizes the sensitivity of harmful clostridia, enterococci, Klebsiella, and fungi to antibiotics. You can get the final result with decoding in a week. By this time, the bacteria grow in a certain nutrient medium.

To collect an analysis for dysbacteriosis, the newborn’s feces are collected in a sterile container and submitted to the laboratory freshly collected. Store it at room temperature it is forbidden. If the child took antibiotics, treatment is suspended and after 12 hours the test material is allowed to be collected. Probiotic therapy involves collecting tests 30 days after completion of the course.

It is impossible to fully determine the condition of the intestines in the laboratory. Each person has an individual microflora. The pediatrician prescribes additional research blood and urine, and may also refer to to a specialist- gastroenterologist.

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How to treat dysbiosis in an infant

Having established a diagnosis based on the transcript of the tests received, the doctor prescribes complex treatment. Parents should be prepared for long-term therapy. First you need to destroy the pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora. For this purpose, bacteriophages are used. Harmful microbes - clostridia, coli, yeast mushrooms– they neutralize, and beneficial microflora do no harm. To rid the baby’s body of accumulated toxins, sorbents are prescribed in parallel to improve the functioning of the digestive tract.

Then they colonize the intestines beneficial bacteria. The child is given probiotics with lacto and bifidobacteria. Infants respond well to such drugs, and their microflora quickly returns to normal. Most often, infants are prescribed Linex, Befiform, Enterol, Colibacterin. Treatment of infant dysbiosis is supplemented with prebiotics - elements that allow the intestines to produce the necessary bacteria themselves.

Such substances include:

1. Lactose. Found in breast milk and accelerates the proliferation of bifidobacteria in infants.
2. Fructosaccharides are carbohydrates found in vegetables, berries and fruits.
3. Lactulose is a nutrient medium where beneficial bacteria multiply.
4. Insulin is produced by the pancreas. Decomposes substances into sugars, which accelerate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria.
5. Dietary fiber promotes bacterial activity.

When treating dysbiosis in newborns, antibiotics are not used. In severe cases, the gastroenterologist prescribes antibacterial drugs Diflucan, Creon, Maalox, Macropen gentle healthy microflora. Concomitant medications when taking antibiotics are the biological products Dialakt, Acipol, Laktovit, Lactobacterin.

Contribute speedy recovery You can do it at home by following a diet. For prevention, parents should provide the baby with a daily routine, frequent walks on the street, restful sleep, regular ventilation and maintaining optimal temperature in the room. Treatment of infants may include physical therapy with a visit to a pressure chamber. In it, the newborn inhales pure oxygen, which promotes the renewal of cells in the intestinal mucosa.

To prevent dysbiosis and strengthen the immune system, newborns undergo a course therapeutic massage. The doctor may prescribe laser physiotherapy, and if severe pain in the stomach, taking warm baths that can be done at home. When absorption and digestibility of nutrients are impaired, hypovitaminosis often occurs. It can be treated folic acid, vitamins B, C, A. When a baby is undergoing treatment for dysbiosis, parents temporarily do not introduce complementary foods and new foods. Mothers need to take care to extend breastfeeding. When pathogenic microorganisms are detected in mother's milk, the child is still not fed formula, but they try to prolong breastfeeding. With milk, the baby will receive antibodies to harmful organisms.

At severe symptoms dysbacteriosis: high temperature, frequent diarrhea, vomiting, significant weight loss - the baby may be admitted to the hospital. There is no need to refuse hospital treatment. Such symptoms can lead to dehydration, which is extremely life-threatening for the newborn. The only way to save the baby is intravenous administration drugs.