Preparation: NOOTROPIL ®
Active ingredient: piracetam
ATX code: N06BX03
KFG: Nootropic drug
Reg. number: P No. 014242/02-2003
Date of registration: 29.04.03
The owner of the reg. acc.: UCB S.A. PHARMA SECTOR (Belgium)
PHARMACEUTICAL FORM, COMPOSITION AND PACKAGING
Capsules white color, marked "ucb/N".
Excipients: macrogol 6000, colloidal silicon anhydride (Aerosil R972), magnesium stearate, croscarmellose sodium, titanium dioxide (E171), macrogol 400, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
15 pcs. - cellular contour packings (2) - packs of cardboard.
Coated tablets white, oval, with a notch in the middle, marked "N/N".
Excipients: glycerol, sodium saccharin, sodium acetate, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate, apricot flavor, caramel flavor, glacial acetic acid, water.
125 ml - dark glass bottles (1) complete with a measuring cup - packs of cardboard.
Solution for injection 20%
Excipients:
5 ml - ampoules (12) - packs of cardboard.
Solution for injection 20% clear, transparent, colorless.
Excipients: sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, water for injections.
15 ml - ampoules (4) - packs of cardboard.
The description of the drug is based on the officially approved instructions for use.
PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT
Nootropic drug, cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Directly affects the central nervous system, improving cognitive (cognitive) processes, such as learning ability, memory, attention, as well as mental performance. Nootropil has an effect on the central nervous system different ways: changes the speed of propagation of excitation in the brain, improves metabolic processes V nerve cells, improves microcirculation, affecting the rheological characteristics of the blood and without causing a vasodilating effect.
Improves connections between the hemispheres of the brain and synaptic conduction in neocortical structures, increases mental performance, improves cerebral blood flow.
Piracetam inhibits platelet aggregation and restores the elasticity of the erythrocyte membrane, reduces the adhesion of erythrocytes. At a dose of 9.6 g, it reduces the level of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factors by 30-40% and prolongs bleeding time. Piracetam has a protective and restorative effect in case of impaired brain function due to hypoxia and intoxication.
Piracetam reduces the severity and duration of vestibular nystagmus.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Suction
After taking the drug inside, piracetam is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, C max in the blood plasma is reached after 1 hour. The bioavailability of the drug is approximately 100%. After taking a single dose of 2 g, C max is achieved in blood plasma after 30 minutes and is 40-60 mcg / ml. After the on / in the introduction of C max in cerebrospinal fluid reached in 5 hours.
Distribution and metabolism
Does not bind to plasma proteins.
The apparent V d of piracetam is about 0.6 l/kg.
In animal studies, piracetam selectively accumulates in the tissues of the cerebral cortex, mainly in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Not metabolized in the body.
Penetrates through the BBB and the placental barrier.
breeding
T 1/2 from blood plasma is 4-5 hours, from cerebrospinal fluid - 8.5 hours.
80-100% of piracetam is excreted by the kidneys unchanged by renal filtration. The renal clearance of piracetam in healthy volunteers is 86 ml/min.
Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations
T 1/2 lengthens at kidney failure. The pharmacokinetics of piracetam does not change in patients with hepatic insufficiency.
Penetrates through the filtering membranes of hemodialysis machines.
INDICATIONS
Symptomatic treatment of psychoorganic syndrome, in particular in elderly patients with memory loss, dizziness, decreased concentration and general activity, mood changes, behavioral disorders, gait disturbance, as well as in patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type;
Treatment of consequences ischemic stroke such as speech disorders, emotional sphere, to increase motor and mental activity;
Chronic alcoholism - for the treatment of psychoorganic and withdrawal syndromes;
Coma states (and during the recovery period), incl. after trauma and intoxication of the brain;
Treatment of dizziness of vascular origin;
As part of complex therapy low learning ability in children with psychoorganic syndrome;
For the treatment of cortical myoclonus as mono- or complex therapy;
Sickle cell anemia (as part of complex therapy).
DOSING MODE
Assign inside and parenterally. The daily dose is 30-160 mg/kg.
Parenterally prescribed in case of impossibility of oral administration, in the same daily dose.
Inside taken during a meal or on an empty stomach; tablets and capsules should be taken with liquid (water, juice). Multiplicity of reception - 2-4 times / day.
At symptomatic treatment chronic psychoorganic syndrome, depending on the severity of symptoms, 1.2-2.4 g / day is prescribed, and during the first week - 4.8 g / day.
At treatment of the consequences of a stroke chronic stage) appoint 4.8 g / day.
At treatment of comatose conditions, as well as perception difficulties in people with brain injuries the initial dose is 9-12 g / day, the maintenance dose is 2.4 g / day. Treatment continues for at least 3 weeks.
At alcoholic withdrawal syndrome - 12 g / day. Maintenance dose 2.4 g / day.
Treatment of dizziness and related balance disorders - 2.4-4.8 g/day
childrento correct learning disabilities appoint 3.3 g / day - 8 ml of a 20% solution for oral administration 2 times / day. Treatment continues throughout the school year.
At cortical myoclonus treatment begins with 7.2 g / day, every 3-4 days the dose is increased by 4.8 g / day until a maximum dose of 24 g / day is reached. Treatment continues throughout the entire period of the disease. Every 6 months, attempts are made to reduce the dose or discontinue the drug, gradually reducing the dose by 1.2 g every 2 days. With no effect or little therapeutic effect treatment is stopped.
At sickle cell anemia daily prophylactic dose is 160 mg / kg of body weight, divided into 4 equal doses.
Patients with renal insufficiency dose adjustment of the drug is required in accordance with the following scheme.
At patientsold age the dose is adjusted in the presence of renal failure; with long-term therapy, control is necessary functional state kidneys.
Patients withhepatic dysfunction dose adjustment is not required. Patients withdysfunctions of the kidneys and liver the drug is prescribed in the same way as for patients only with impaired renal function.
SIDE EFFECT
From the side of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: 1.72% - hyperkinesia, 1.13% - nervousness, 0.96% - drowsiness, 0.83% - depression; V isolated cases- dizziness, headaches, ataxia, imbalance, exacerbation of epilepsy, insomnia, confusion, agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, increased sexuality.
From the side of metabolism: 1.29% - an increase in body weight (more often occurs in elderly patients receiving the drug in doses of more than 2.4 g / day).
From the digestive system: in isolated cases - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
Dermatological reactions: in isolated cases - dermatitis, itching, rashes, swelling.
Others: 0.23% - asthenia.
In most cases, regression can be achieved similar symptoms by lowering the dose of the drug.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Acute violation of cerebral circulation (hemorrhagic stroke);
End-stage renal failure (with CC less than 20 ml / min);
Children's age up to 1 year (for oral solution);
Children's age up to 3 years (for tablets and capsules);
Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of the use of Nootropil during pregnancy have not been conducted. Do not prescribe the drug during pregnancy, except in cases of emergency.
Piracetam crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk. The concentration of piracetam in newborns reaches 70-90% of its concentration in the blood of the mother. If necessary, the use of the drug during lactation should refrain from breastfeeding.
In experimental studies on animals, no damaging effect on the embryo and its development was detected, incl. in the postnatal period, as well as changes in the course of pregnancy and childbirth.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
In connection with the effect of piracetam on platelet aggregation, it is recommended to prescribe the drug with caution in patients with impaired hemostasis, during major surgical operations or in patients with symptoms of severe bleeding. In the treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus, an abrupt interruption of treatment should be avoided, which may cause the resumption of attacks.
With long-term therapy in elderly patients, regular monitoring of renal function is recommended, if necessary, dose adjustment is carried out depending on the results of the study of creatinine clearance.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms
Taking into account possible side effects, be careful when working with machinery and driving a car.
OVERDOSE
Symptoms: when using piracetam at a dose of 75 g in the form of an oral solution, dyspeptic phenomena were noted, such as diarrhea with blood and abdominal pain. Any other special symptoms no overdose of piracetam was noted.
Treatment: immediately after a significant overdose, when taken orally, you can wash the stomach or induce artificial vomiting. Symptomatic therapy is indicated, which may include hemodialysis. There is no specific antidote. The efficiency of hemodialysis is 50-60%.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
There was no interaction of Nootropil with clonazepam, phenytoin, phenobarbital, sodium valproate.
Piracetam in high doses(9.6 g / day) increased the effectiveness of acenocoumarol in patients with venous thrombosis: there was a greater decrease in the level of platelet aggregation, fibrinogen levels, von Willebrand factors, blood and plasma viscosity than with the appointment of acenocoumarol alone.
The possibility of changing the pharmacodynamics of piracetam under the influence of other drugs is low, because 90% of its dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
In vitro, piracetam at concentrations of 142, 426 and 1422 µg/ml does not inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 4A9/11 isoenzymes. At a concentration of 1422 μg / ml, a slight inhibition of the activity of CYP2A6 (21%) and 3A4 / 5 (11%) was noted. However, the Ki level of these two isoenzymes is sufficient when exceeding 1422 µg/ml. Therefore, metabolic interaction with other drugs is unlikely.
When taking piracetam at a dose of 20 mg / day, Cmax in blood plasma and the nature of the pharmacokinetic curve do not change anticonvulsants(carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproic acid) in patients with epilepsy receiving constant doses of these drugs.
When taking piracetam at a dose of 1.6 g with alcohol, the serum concentrations of piracetam and ethanol did not change.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF DISCOUNT FROM PHARMACIES
The drug is dispensed by prescription.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF STORAGE
The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, in a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.
IN modern medicine There are tools that affect brain activity, improve thought processes, attention, memory. These include the drug Nootropil. It is suitable for adults but also for children. The medicine will eliminate the problems that have arisen with study, help to concentrate, assimilate new information. Nootropil for children usually is prescribed to increase mental performance and delay speech development. In our review you will find detailed information about the forms of release of the drug, the available side effects, the choice of the correct dosage.
Nootropil increases concentration and learning efficiency.
Composition and mechanism of action
Nootropil is a drug from the group of neurometabolic stimulants. The main ingredient is piracetam. Auxiliary components are silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, an additive called macrogol 6000. Solution for internal use(one of the release forms), also contains flavors, acetic acid and preservatives.
Piracetam affects the processes in the brain cells, provides communication between the hemispheres, prevents the adhesion of blood cells, increasing microcirculation in the vessels. Thanks to this component Nootropil beneficial effect on brain activity helps to concentrate.
Indications
Children are prescribed medicine for the following problems:
- decrease in learning ability;
- previous ischemic stroke;
- violations of the vestibular apparatus;
- coma associated with trauma or intoxication;
- cortical myoclonus;
- cerebral paralysis;
- oligophrenia.
The child cannot remember simple information or bad thinking? The drug can help your baby!
Other indications for use are trauma during childbirth or during fetal development, congenital disorders of the central nervous system.
Manufacturer and release forms
Licensed manufacturer - YUSB Farshim S.A., Belgium. The drug is produced in different forms, which makes it more convenient to use:
- Pills. They have an oval shape, are enclosed in a white shell and are packaged in packs of 20 and 30 pieces.
For older kids three years you can give pills.
- One package contains 60 white capsules. Each contains 400 mg of active ingredient.
The capsule should be taken with plenty of water.
- Solution for internal use. Moms often call it syrup. It is available in vials of dark glass 125 ml, each comes with a measuring cup. 1 ml of the drug contains 200 mg of piracetam.
- Injection. Sold in ampoules and is a colorless liquid containing 1 ml of 200 mg of the active ingredient.
- Solution for intravenous use. In one package 4 bottles of a 20% solution of 15 ml each.
Piracetam injections are painless.
Nootropil the child is most often prescribed in the form of tablets or a solution (syrup) for internal use. The average price of one package of the drug in any form is 300 rubles.
Rules for use and dosage
Nootropil assigned to children only from 1 year. The dosage is selected by the doctor in accordance with the weight, age of the child and the characteristics of the disease. Instructions for use prescribes to take from 2.4 to 4.8 g of the drug per day. The medicine is given to children before meals. Tablets and syrup are recommended to be taken with water or juice.
Reception features:
- For children with memory problems daily dose is 4.8 g.
- A child with a brain injury - 2.4 g of the drug per day.
- With poor learning Nootropil is recommended to take 3.3 grams per day.
If for some reason the child cannot take the drug orally, the doctor prescribes injections for him. Dose of solution for intramuscular injection calculated depending on the clinical picture and the age of the baby.
The duration of the course of treatment is at least 3 weeks. If by the end of this period there is no positive dynamics, the use of the drug is stopped.
Contraindications and side effects
Non-compliance with the dosage or an incorrect diagnosis can lead to side effects. They may appear as:
- allergies;
- pain in the head;
- hyperkinesia;
- nausea;
A possible side effect is abdominal discomfort.
- digestive disorders.
When you stop taking the medicine or reduce the dosage unpleasant symptoms usually disappear.
Contraindications to the use of Nootropil:
- the age of the child is less than 1 year;
- kidney failure;
- transferred hemorrhagic stroke;
- violations of hemostasis;
- individual intolerance.
Give Nootropil to children with bleeding disorders with caution. You can not combine the reception of this drug with anticonvulsants and for the treatment thyroid gland.
Reviews
Feedback from Tatyana Anatolyevna (son Vitaly, 6 years old), Vladimir:
“We were diagnosed with autism. The child gets emotionally tired very quickly from the slightest overload, cannot concentrate during activities where mental effort is required. I have been giving him Nootropil since the beginning of September and I see that Vitalik is already coping with tasks much easier, preparing with pleasure for the New Year's party.
The effect of the drug is noticeable after a few weeks.
Feedback from Elena Sergeevna (daughter Sophia, 4 years old), Volokolamsk:
“Sonechka was prescribed Nootropil for the development of speech. She spoke very poorly until she was 3 years old. I don’t know if the medicine helped or what, but now the baby is babbling, building whole sentences. Even if her speech is not always clear, but the desire to speak pleases. We have already learned a few short rhymes with Sonya, which we could not achieve before. True, I noticed Lately that the child became irritable, whiny. I think this is due to the medicine, just in case, we will refuse further intake for now. ”
Severov M.N., pediatrician:
“Nootropil has a positive effect on the cerebral cortex, improves memory, stimulates speech development in children. It acts gently and effectively, is available in different forms, so you can choose the most convenient. I recommend to patients with Nootropil. If moms are embarrassed by the price of medicine, then you can find less expensive drugs with a similar action.
Analogues
If the child has contraindications indicated in the instructions or needs a cheaper drug, the doctor will help you choose a remedy with a similar effect.
An analogue in composition is Piracetam - a medicine with the same active ingredient. It improves metabolic processes, microcirculation, cerebral circulation. The average price for a package containing 30 tablets is 60 rubles. It has a positive effect on attention, memory, intelligence, and increases mental and physical performance. The average price of a bottle of 100 ml is 300 rubles.
Nootropil - effective drug to increase the efficiency of the brain, improve memory and attention. However, it cannot be considered harmless and used without the advice of a specialist. Any medicine The child must be prescribed by a doctor.
Irina Zykova
Piracetam is the active ingredient of the drug.
The tablets contain 800 or 1200 mg given substance. Additional elements: macrogol 6000, silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate.
Capsules of 400 mg of active ingredient. Additional substances: macrogol 6000, silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate.
The oral solution contains 1 ml of 200 or 330 mg of the active substance. Additional elements of the composition are: sodium saccharinate, pure water, , sodium acetate, acetic acid, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, fragrances, propyl parahydroxybenzoate.
The solution of Nootropil in / in and / m contains 200 mg of the active substance per 1 ml. Auxiliary elements are: sodium acetate trihydrate, injection water, glacial acetic acid.
Release form
In tablets, capsules, as well as oral solution and solutions for intravenous and intramuscular use.
pharmachologic effect
Nootropic agent.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The active substance is . The use of the drug Nootropil enhances the utilization of glucose, enhances the synthesis of phospholipids and RNA, increases the level of ATP in brain tissues, stimulates glycolytic reactions . The drug has a positive effect on brain tissues, facilitates the learning process, improves integrative work and brain activity, improves memory . Nootropil is able to suppress the aggregation of activated ones, does not have a vasodilating effect, but at the same time it has a positive effect on microcirculation and the speed of propagation of the excitation wave in the brain tissues. With brain damage on the background of intoxication, electric shock, the drug has a pronounced protective effect, reducing the severity of vestibular nystagmus, reduces delta activity and enhances alpha and beta activity by electroencephalogram . The drug improves cerebral blood flow, increases mental performance, improves conductivity between synapses in neocortical structures, and has a positive effect on interhemispheric connections. The therapeutic effect of the treatment develops gradually. The drug does not have psychostimulating and sedative effects.
The drug is rapidly absorbed, not metabolized, does not bind to blood proteins. Excreted by the kidneys unchanged.
Instructions for use of the drug Nootropil recommends prescribing the drug in neurology, narcology and psychiatry.
IN neurological practice the medication is used for pathology of the nervous system, accompanied by disorders in the emotional-volitional sphere (for example,) and a decrease in intellectual-mnestic functions. The drug is prescribed after intoxication and traumatic injuries brain, with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (, pronounced, speech, attention, memory disorders), with vascular pathology of brain tissues, with coma and subcomatose conditions, during convalescence in order to increase mental and motor activity, with residual effects circulatory disorders of the brain according to the ischemic variant.
Indications for the use of Nootropil in psychiatry: sluggish defective conditions (such as psychoorganic syndrome, ), asthenodepressive syndrome (with a predominance of ideational retardation, with senesto-hypochondriac disorders, asthenic pathology, with adynamia), nephrotic syndrome . Piracetam is prescribed in complex therapy depressive states resistant to the effects of antidepressants, in the treatment mental pathology, which takes place on "organically defective soil." The drug is recommended for prescription in case of intolerance to neuroleptics, antipsychotic drugs in order to eliminate mental, neurological and somatovegetative complications. The drug is prescribed for cortical form of myoclonus.
Nootropil V drug practice used for cupping alcohol withdrawal syndrome , at acute poisoning , barbiturates , morphine, ethanol, with morphine withdrawal syndrome, chronic (in combination with intellectual-mnestic disorders, asthenia, persistent pathology of the psyche). The drug can be used as part of combination therapy during treatment sickle cell anemia .
In order to eliminate the consequences of perinatal damage to brain structures, to improve the learning process, with children's cerebral , mental retardation Nootropil can be used in pediatrics.
Contraindications
The drug is not used for hemorrhagic , at severe pathology renal system, with intolerance to the main substance piracetam. When carrying, heavy bleeding , after extensive surgical interventions, with pathology hemostasis and when Nootropil is prescribed with caution, assessing the possible risks.
Side effects
There are the following side effects during treatment: vomiting, nausea, impaired concentration, imbalance, motor disinhibition, mental arousal , gastralgia, sleep disorders, anxiety, appetite disorders, stool disorders, increased sexual activity, convulsive syndrome , extrapyramidal disorders, headache, dizziness, . When diagnosed, there is a worsening of the course of the disease. Most often, side effects are recorded when the recommended dose of 5 g per day is exceeded.
Instructions for use Nootropil (Method and dosage)
The drug is prescribed intravenously, intramuscularly and orally.
Instructions for the solution
The initial dosage of the drug for parenteral intravenous administration is 10 g. In severe pathology, the drug is administered intravenously in drops up to 12 g per day, the duration of the infusion is 20-30 minutes. Upon reaching a therapeutic effect, the amount of the drug is reduced with a gradual transition to oral administration.
Tablets Nootropil, instructions for use
The drug is taken twice a day, the daily dosage is 30-160 mg per 1 kg. It is possible to increase the frequency of administration up to 3-4 times a day if necessary. The course of treatment according to this scheme is up to 2-6 months.
At treatment of memory disorders, cognitive disorders administer medication by mouth early stages therapy three times a day, 1600 mg, in the future, the amount of the drug is reduced to 800 mg.
Treatment cerebrovascular disease V acute stage must start at as soon as possible from a dose of 12 g per day for two weeks, then switch to a dosage of 6 g per day.
Therapy cortical myoclonus start at 7.2 g per day with gradual increase the amount of active substance by 4.8 g per day every 3-4 days. Maximum dose- 24 grams in 24 hours.
Daily dosage at sickle cell anemia is 160 mg per 1 kg (4 doses). In the crisis period, the dose is increased to 300 mg per 1 kg.
In case of violations of the kidneys, the drug is used with caution. The dose is prescribed by the doctor.
How to take a drug to improve memory?
It is necessary to take the medicine 2 times a day. The following dosage is advised to improve memory - 8 ml of a 20% oral solution.
Overdose
Possible bloody diarrhea or abdominal pain at doses greater than 75 g per 24 hours. Treatment is as follows: gastric lavage or induction of vomiting, hemodialysis can be used.
Interaction
Nootropil reduces the risk of developing extrapyramidal disorders with simultaneous therapy with neuroleptics. The description of the drug Nootropil indicates its ability to increase efficiency indirect anticoagulants , antipsychotic drugs, psychostimulant drugs and thyroid gland .
Terms of sale
Presentation of a medical prescription is required.
Storage conditions
In a dry place inaccessible to children at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius.
Best before date
Not more than 4 years.
special instructions
Treatment with Nootropil requires regular monitoring of the work of the renal, hepatic systems, the condition peripheral blood , level and residual nitrogen. Drug therapy can be combined with psychoactive drugs, drugs for the treatment cardiovascular disease. Treatment acute lesions tissues and structures of the brain are recommended to be carried out in combination with the methods of restorative medicine, detoxification therapy . In psychiatric diseases, concomitantly prescribed psychoactive drugs. Abrupt withdrawal of the drug is unacceptable, especially in the treatment of patients suffering from the cortical form. myoclonus (because of high risk recurrence of seizures and seizures). With the development of such side effects as or excessive sleepiness, it is recommended to cancel the evening medication. When Nootropil penetrates through special filtering membranes in the apparatus. Piracetam affects the ability to drive a vehicle.
The drug is not described in Wikipedia.
Alcohol compatibility
Alcohol does not affect the content of piracetam in serum, in turn, when taking 1.6 g of the active substance, the level of alcohol in the blood also did not change.
Nootropil's analogs
Coincidence in the ATX code of the 4th level:
Analogues are drugs: Biotropil , .
The price of Nootropil analogues is lower and higher. For example, Piracetam costs less.
Which is better: Nootropil or Piracetam?
Medicines are generics, that is, they contain one active substance piracetam and have similar action on the body. Piracetam drug - domestic production, and therefore it is cheaper, however, it is also considered less purified.
Nootropic drugs are often used in psychiatry, neurology and narcology. Special attention deserves the tool "Nootropil".
Description
- "Nootropil" capsule preparation. White-orange capsules marked "UCB / N", powder content.
- "Nootropil" tablet drug. White tablets, correct oval shape, labeled "N/N".
- "Nootropil" 20% oral solution. Colorless substance of thick consistency.
Pharmacodynamics
After active substance enters the body, it is actively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract with complete absorption. After 30 minutes, the maximum plasma concentration is observed, without binding to blood proteins. After 8 hours, similar indicators are achieved in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Piracetam is the basis of twenty drugs similar to Nootropil. This substance is widely used in narcological, psychological and neurological practice.
The drug is distributed through tissues and organs, is able to be transported through the placental and blood-brain barrier. Accumulates in the basal ganglia, in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum.
The time characterizing the half-life does not exceed 5 hours, it is excreted by the kidneys almost unchanged. The elimination period increases with renal failure.
Pharmacology
The medicinal effect of the drug is revealed as follows:
- The drug effectively affects cerebral circulation and metabolic processes.
- Metabolism increases, glucose utilization is stimulated.
- The active ingredients stabilize microcirculation and activate the aggregation of blood cells - platelets.
- With brain damage (electric shock, hypoxia, intoxication), a protective effect occurs.
- Integrative functions are stabilized.
- There is no psychostimulating and sedative effect.
- Piracetam improves flow cognitive processes, memory, learning ability, mental performance.
- Reduces the severity and duration of vestibular nystagmus.
- The drug affects the rheological parameters of the blood, without a vasodilating effect.
- Improvement of synoptic conduction and connections between the hemispheres.
The composition of the drug
The composition of the drug is presented in the table.
Release form
- Capsules 15 pcs. in blisters, cardboard packaging.
- Tablets 15 pcs. in blisters, cardboard packaging.
- Solution for oral use, 125.0 ml, dark glass bottles, cardboard packaging, measuring cup.
- Solution for and, ampoules 5/15 ml, cardboard packaging.
- Solution for intravenous administration, 60.0 ml bottles, cardboard packaging, holder.
Today "Nootropil" is excluded from the list pharmacological preparations in the USA and classified as biologically active additives. The tool is not sold in pharmacies in the country, but it is ordered via the Internet and brought from Mexico.
Expiration date, average cost
- Tablets No. 20, 1200 mg - 280 rubles.
- Tablets No. 30, 800 mg - 280 rubles.
- Ampoules 20.0%, 12 pcs. - 319 rubles.
- Bottles of 125 ml - 340 rubles.
The drug retains its pharmacological properties for four years.
Conditions of storage and dispensing from pharmacies
- The medication should be stored in a special first aid kit, at t not exceeding 25 degrees.
- Non-prescription dispensing is practiced.
drug interaction
If the medication is used as part of a mandatory treatment plan additional factors to be taken into account:
- In patients concomitantly taking thyroid extract there is irritability, sleep disorders, anxiety.
- In patients taking thyroid hormones observed the occurrence of confusion, tremor, anxiety, irritability.
- When using CNS stimulants the psychostimulating effect is enhanced.
- When using neuroleptics may increase extrapyramidal disorders.
Indications for use
The drug is prescribed for the following indications:
- Psychoorganic syndrome as a necessary component of treatment. Recovery is carried out in elderly patients suffering from dizziness, memory impairment, low concentration, behavioral disorders, unstable mood.
- Alzheimer's disease caused by dementia.
- Diseases of the nervous system - ischemic stroke, including emotional disturbances, speech degradation. Factor of restoration of mental and motor activity.
- Withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism.
- Intoxication and brain injury, recovery period after coma.
- Dizziness, failures in maintaining balance, excluding the psychogenic and vasomotor factor.
- Monotherapy or combined treatment myoclonus cortical.
- Combination therapy for sickle anemia.
Contraindications
"Nootropil" is not prescribed for:
- Serious renal failure.
- Stroke hemorrhagic.
- Identification of excessive sensitivity to the active substance.
Application and dosage
The drug is taken two to four times a day. The dosage is calculated individually and varies from 30.0 to 160.0 mg per kg of body weight. The dependence of the disease and the intake of "Nootropil" is indicated in the table.
| Disease | Dosage, frequency of administration |
| Psychoorganic syndrome (chronic) | I week - 4.80 g daily. II week and beyond - 1.20-2.40 g per day. |
| Ischemic stroke | 4.80 g daily |
| Brain injury, recovery from coma | · Initial measure - 9-12.0 g daily. · Maintenance - 2.40 g daily. · Three-week treatment. |
| Loss of balance, dizziness | 2.40-4.80 g per day |
| Cortical myoclonus | Primary dose - 7.20 g daily. Subsequent (after 3-4 days) - plus 4.80 g per day, not more than 24 g. |
| sickle anemia | Crisis treatment - 300 mg IV. Prevention - 160.0 mg / kg b.w. - for four doses. |
Notes: the drug is taken orally with meals or on an empty stomach. The tablet or capsule preparation is washed down with water. If there is no possibility of ingestion, Nootropil is prescribed parenterally in identical doses.
In our country, piracetam is widely used to restore mental functions in children with Down syndrome. However, latest research did not confirm its effectiveness in this area.
Overdose
Cases of overdose have not been recorded. A single case of the formation of dyspeptic phenomena is known when using the medicine inside at a dose of 75.0 g. Treatment consists in prescribing a gastric lavage, inducing artificial vomiting. Symptomatic therapy may contain hemodialysis, the effectiveness of which is 60%.
Side effects and effects
In a number clinical pictures The following side effects have been identified:
- Asthenia, nervousness, hyperkinesia, drowsiness. Similar reactions from the side of the central nervous system are most often manifested in age patients who took the drug at a dose above 2.40 g daily.
- Ataxia, headache, exacerbation of epilepsy, insomnia, confusion, hallucinations, anxiety.
- Slight weight gain.
- Rarely - pain in the abdomen, vomiting, unstable stools.
- Sometimes typical dermatological reactions appear - swelling, itching, rash.
special instructions
Additional guidance is as follows:
- Patients with symptoms of severe bleeding, violations of hemostasis, in the period of serious surgical operation the medication is prescribed with caution.
- In therapy aimed at eliminating cortical myoclonus should be excluded abrupt cancellation drug, otherwise you can provoke the development of new seizures.
- Elderly patients need to be monitored renal function in case of long-term treatment. Dose adjustments may be required.
- Piracetam penetrates through the filters of hemodialysis machines.
- People working in heavy industry it is recommended to take into account undesirable effects.
"Nootropil" for children
The drug is taken in pediatric practice:
- For babies over one year old. The dosage is calculated individually.
- When implementing a correction for learning disabilities, the drug is administered orally twice a day, 8.0 ml of the solution. Daily dose - 3.30 g.
"Nootropil" and pregnancy
Studies on the effects of piracetam on the body of a pregnant woman and the fetus have not been conducted. The use of the drug is possible, taking into account all possible risks.
During breastfeeding the drug is not prescribed, since piracetam is transported to breast milk. If treatment is necessary, the issue of stopping lactation is decided.
The scientific community has come to the conclusion that piracetam is characterized by a proven healing effect on the stabilization of cognitive functions, but gives undesirable side effects.
Analogues
Memotropil
Application: the medicine is taken two to four times every day, regardless of the meal, 30.0-160 mg.
Features and differences:
- The drug is not prescribed during pregnancy.
- The tool is used to treat intoxication in drug addicts and alcoholics.
Cost: package No. 30 - from 102 rubles.
"Piracetam-AKOS"
Application: the medicine is taken two to four times every day, 30.0-160.0 mg.
Features and differences:
- The drug has found its application in narcological and psychiatric practice.
- The tool improves efficiency hormonal drugs thyroid gland.
Cost: package No. 10 - from 20 rubles.
"Piracetam"
Application: the drug is taken orally at 800 mg in three divided doses.
Features and differences:
- The tool is not prescribed for the diagnosis of Huntington's disease.
- The medicine is contraindicated in pregnancy.
- "Piracetam" is used in the treatment of childhood dyslexia.
Cost: package No. 50 - from 48 rubles.
Nootropil - medicinal product, which is prescribed by doctors to stimulate mental abilities. It is prescribed for patients with various cognitive impairments: memory loss, brain dysfunction and other disorders. Available in the form of tablets, capsules and dosage form intended for injections.
Composition and principle of action
The active ingredient in Nootropil is Piracetam. This is a nootropic substance that directly affects the brain functions responsible for the assimilation and processing of new information. Strengthens mental capacity, stimulates memory and concentration on any object or subject, increases a person's ability to learn.
Reaching the lesion, the drug has whole line healing effects:
- beneficial effect on the central nervous system (central nervous system). Accelerates and spreads excitation in the brain, stimulates blood microcirculation, increases metabolism in nerve cells. Changes the viscosity of the blood without affecting the vessels;
- improves blood flow and communication between the hemispheres, thereby effectively increasing the mental abilities of the patient;
- has a positive effect on essential components: platelets and erythrocytes. Prevents excessive blood clotting and makes bleeding time longer.
The tool warns involuntary trembling pupils (vestibular nystagmus). Nootropil is often prescribed to people who have suffered severe intoxication and hypoxia (lack of oxygen). The drug protects the brain from unpleasant consequences and help him recover.
Indications for use
The drug is prescribed by doctors for various violations, in which the brain cannot work at full capacity and properly process the information received. These diseases include:
- psychoorganic syndrome. These include symptoms that result from organic lesions brain. Most often, elderly patients suffer from it, in whom memory is impaired, concentration of attention suffers, and gait and speech are changed for the worse;
- withdrawal and psychoorganic syndrome, which is observed in patients suffering from chronic alcoholism;
- dementia and Alzheimer's disease;
- consequences of ischemic stroke: a decrease in motor activity and psychomotor reactions, speech and emotional disorders;
- frequent dizziness and difficulty maintaining balance;
- conditions characterized by the least degree of vivacity and the inability of the patient to respond to external stimuli;
- sickle cell anemia (in combination with other drugs);
- myoclonus (involuntary contractions of one muscle or several groups at once that cannot be controlled). It can be used as a single drug or in combination with other drugs with a similar effect.
Nootropil is often prescribed for children who are difficult to learn and lag behind other students. At correct application the remedy gives a tangible effect and helps to cope with organic brain disorders in such children.
Contraindications for use
Nootropil is a drug that has a powerful nootropic effect. With intravenous or intramuscular administration, contraindications are minimized, but some restrictions are still present. These include: individual intolerance to the main or active components, severe disorders in the functioning of the kidneys, hemorrhagic stroke and age up to 1 year.
Nootropil injections: instructions for use
The drug is injected into the patient's body intramuscularly or intravenously. This method of application is prescribed only if the use of other forms is not possible: if the patient is unconscious or has difficulty swallowing. Most often prescribed by doctors intravenous administration Nootropil.
Before parenteral administration the drug is diluted with a solution of dextrose (5-20%), Ringer or Mannitol (20%), fructose (5-20%), sodium chloride (0.9%), dextran 40 (10%). After that, the agent is injected into the patient's body using a special catheter at a constant speed. This is done 24 hours a day. The dose is determined individually depending on the condition of the patient and clinical course diseases.
Bolus (quick, almost instantaneous administration of the drug) is done within 2 minutes. The daily dose is divided into 2-4 procedures, the intervals between injections should be uniform, and the dosage per injection was not higher than 3 grams of Nootropil.
If the patient is overexcited, the bolus injection and the introduction of Nootropil is carried out through the muscles. In children, elderly patients and patients with low body weight, the dosage is adjusted (taking into account age and weight). An additional disadvantage of intramuscular administration is pain. It should also be taken into account that the dose should not exceed 5 ml. As soon as the opportunity arises oral administration, it is recommended to immediately switch to this method of treatment.
Application during the period of bearing and feeding a child
Piracetam is able to cross the barrier separating the lymph of the fetus and the expectant mother. Also, the drug can get into the milk, which is produced by the mammary gland during lactation. During pregnancy, it is better to replace Nootropil with another drug, and during the period of feeding a child, interrupt lactation for the duration of treatment.
Side effects
Uncontrolled use of Nootropil can lead to various side effects. Elderly patients who have received more than 2.5 grams of the drug per day may experience the following disorders: hyperkinesia (a state of increased agitation), nervousness, depression and apathy, drowsiness, general weakness And fast fatiguability. Patients different ages observed:
- imbalance, dizziness and headache;
- dysmotility and muscle weakness in which the muscles work involuntarily and chaotically;
- exacerbation of epilepsy;
- increased sexuality and psycho-emotional arousal;
- confusion and increased anxiety.
- insomnia, confusion, agitation, increased anxiety and frequent hallucinations;
- Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, pain in the stomach, liquid and frequent stool, vomit.
In some patients, there is a sharp weight gain. With intolerance to the components in patients, there are allergic reactions: skin rashes, outwardly resembling nettle burns, swelling, redness of the skin and severe itching.
Signs of an overdose
Gastrointestinal disorders were identified once. Doctors observed liquid stool streaked with blood and pain in the patient's stomach. Experts attribute this to the fact that the daily dose of the drug was 75 g, and total dose sorbitol, which is part of the product, was too large. No other cases of overdose have been reported.
If you or loved ones experience side effects that were not described in the instructions, consult a doctor and undergo hemodialysis.
special instructions
When prescribing Nootropil, the doctor should take into account special instructions and precautions:
- the drug is prescribed with caution to patients with malfunctions in the work of hemostasis - biological function supporting liquid state blood and is responsible for stopping bleeding. This point concerns patients who have survived major operation or suffering from heavy bleeding;
- if Nootropil is used to treat patients with cortical myoclonus, the drug should be discontinued gradually, gradually making doses smaller. If you do the opposite and abruptly stop the course of treatment, the attacks will resume.
- Nootropil therapy for a long time negatively affects the functioning of the kidneys. In the treatment of elderly patients, it is important to constantly monitor creatinine clearance and change the dose of the drug, if necessary.
drug interaction
Regular use of Nootropil enhances the effect of acenocoumarol (used for the treatment of varicose veins with blood clots). If a combination of Nootropil and acenocoumarol enters the body, blood clotting, fibrinogen levels, blood and plasma viscosity decrease. The Von Willebrand Factor, which affects the pathological blood clotting and the formation of blood clots, also decreases.
The drug does not interact in any way with sodium valproate, phenytoin, clonazenap and phenobarbital. The excretion of the drug from the body also does not change - 90% of the drug leaves the body with urine unchanged.
If the main active ingredient(piracetam) enters the body in an amount of not more than 20 mg per day, the effect of anticonvulsants does not change. With increasing doses, a decrease in the anticonvulsant effect is possible.
The drug practically does not interact with alcohol. If the drug is taken in a volume of 1.6 g, the concentration active components and ethanol remains unchanged.
Cost, analogues and storage conditions
The cost of Nootropil in ampoules is from 313 rubles. The product must be stored in a place protected from moisture and direct sun rays, at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees. Duration of storage - up to 4 years. Analogues of Nootropil include: Piracetam, Memotropil, Piracetam-Belmed.